Study neonatal sepsis presentations and risk factors in infants.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: To study the different clinical presentations of neonatal sepsis and the risk factors in babies presenting with neonatal sepsis
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Irfan Qayoom, Sheikh Quyoom Hussain and Syed Yusra Imtiyaz
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: To study the different clinical presentations of neonatal sepsis and the risk factors in babies presenting with neonatal sepsis
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20797
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Neonatal sepsis, or sepsis neonatorum, is a severe systemic infection affecting newborns within their first month of life, marked by bacteremia. This condition poses significant risk, being the leading cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries, where it accounts for 30% to 50% of neonatal deaths each year. The incidence of neonatal sepsis is notably high in Asia, reported at 38 per 1000 live births, while the overall incidence in India has been documented as 29 per 1000 live births, according to the Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD). Early recognition and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics, along with supportive care, are essential for improving survival rates in affected newborns.
Spectrum of Clinical Presentations of Neonatal Sepsis
The study highlighted various clinical presentations observed in neonates diagnosed with septicemia. The most prevalent symptoms included lethargy or refusal to feed (66.18%), hypothermia (44.20%), and tachypnea (40.09%). Other notable symptoms were grunting, delayed capillary refill time (CRT), and feeding intolerance. These findings indicate a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that may signal the presence of neonatal sepsis, thus emphasizing the necessity for vigilant monitoring and early diagnosis to initiate appropriate treatment quickly.
Risk Factors Contributing to Neonatal Sepsis
Low birth weight emerged as the principal risk factor for neonatal sepsis, affecting 68.35% of the studied population, followed by preterm gestation (40.57%) and prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) for more than 18 hours (31.88%). Additional risk factors included home delivery, which was reported in 22.22% of cases, as well as factors such as perinatal asphyxia, maternal fever during labor, and chorioamnionitis. These findings highlight the critical relationship between socioeconomic conditions and healthcare access, with implications for neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Clinical Classification of Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis is classified into early onset sepsis, typically occurring within the first 72 hours of life, and late onset sepsis, presenting after 72 hours. Early onset sepsis can arise from maternal sources, including transplacental or ascending infections from the cervix, while late onset sepsis is often acquired from the environment. The identification of these classification types is essential for tailoring clinical management based on the timing and source of infection, thereby optimizing treatment strategies to prevent mortality.
Conclusion
In conclusion, neonatal sepsis remains a critical challenge in pediatric healthcare, especially in developing regions. The study underscored the importance of combining clinical assessment and awareness of risk factors to facilitate early detection and treatment. A focus on improving maternal and neonatal healthcare, alongside effective strategies to prevent risk factors such as low birth weight and preterm births, can significantly enhance outcomes for newborns at risk for sepsis. A coordinated approach involving education, improved healthcare infrastructure, and ongoing research is vital for combating this significant health issue.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is neonatal septicemia and its significance?
Neonatal septicemia, or sepsis neonatorum, is a systemic infection occurring in newborns, often leading to serious morbidity and high mortality rates, especially in developing countries. It requires prompt recognition and treatment to improve outcomes.
What are the common clinical features of neonatal sepsis?
Common clinical features of neonatal sepsis include lethargy, hypothermia, refusal to feed, tachypnea, grunting, and prolonged jaundice. Early identification of these symptoms is crucial for timely management.
What are the major risk factors for neonatal sepsis?
Major risk factors include low birth weight (<2.5 kg), preterm gestation, prolonged rupture of membranes, home delivery, maternal fever during labor, and multiple intrapartum examinations.
How was the study on neonatal sepsis conducted?
The study was a prospective observational research conducted over one year at GB Panth Hospital, involving neonates with signs of infection and their related antenatal risk factors.
What factors contribute to community-acquired and nosocomial sepsis?
Community-acquired sepsis is influenced by maternal conditions during pregnancy, while nosocomial sepsis arises from hospital-acquired infections. Both types have unique risk factors affecting newborns differently.
What preventive measures can reduce neonatal sepsis incidence?
Preventive measures include improving maternal healthcare, ensuring timely prenatal care, minimizing home deliveries, promoting hygiene, and reducing exposure to invasive procedures in neonatal care settings.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study neonatal sepsis presentations and risk factors in infants.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The study focuses on understanding neonatal sepsis, its clinical presentations, and risk factors associated with it in neonates. Recognizing the importance of early diagnosis enables timely intervention and treatment, significantly impacting mortality rates. Such studies guide healthcare practices and improve outcomes in neonatology by documenting prevalent issues and effective strategies.
2) Birth:
Births are significant as the initiation point where neonates are at risk for infections like sepsis. Analyzing data surrounding births, including the prevalence of low birth weight and home deliveries, helps assess risk factors that contribute to neonatal health challenges across varying settings, particularly in developing regions.
3) Fever:
Fever is one of the clinical signs evaluated in neonates suspected of sepsis. It can indicate infection but may not always be present. Recognizing fever and its patterns helps clinicians assess the severity of the condition and determine the need for immediate antimicrobial therapy, which is critical for survival.
4) Table:
Tables in this study present crucial data summarizing findings such as clinical features, demographics, and risk factors of neonates with sepsis. They allow for a clear and organized visualization of results, making it easier for healthcare professionals and researchers to interpret data trends and make informed decisions based on empirical evidence.
5) Blood:
Blood plays a significant role in diagnosing neonatal sepsis, as cultures and complete blood counts are essential in identifying infections. Blood tests help determine the appropriate course of treatment and monitor the health status of affected neonates, emphasizing the importance of laboratory investigations in effective clinical management.
6) India:
India is the geographic focus of this study, reflecting specific health challenges faced by its neonates, especially in terms of healthcare access and infection rates. The prevalence of neonatal sepsis and strategies to combat it are influenced by region-specific factors, making understanding local contexts critical for effective healthcare delivery.
7) Labour (Labor):
Labour is pertinent as maternal conditions during delivery influence neonatal health outcomes. Factors like maternal fever, prolonged labor, and intrapartum infections can increase the risk of sepsis in newborns. This highlights the importance of maternal healthcare and monitoring during labor to mitigate associated risks for neonates.
8) Developing:
The term 'developing' signifies countries like India, where healthcare infrastructure, awareness, and access can be limited. High rates of neonatal sepsis and mortality in developing nations necessitate targeted interventions and research to address the unique challenges such populations face in maternal and neonatal health sectors.
9) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are central to the treatment of neonatal sepsis. Early recognition of sepsis leads to prompt antibiotic therapy, which is crucial for the survival of affected neonates. The choice of antibiotics is guided by local resistance patterns and results from cultures, underscoring the need for tailored treatment protocols.
10) Srinagar:
Srinagar, being the location of the study and associated hospital, represents the regional healthcare context and challenges specific to this area, including maternal and neonatal health conditions. Understanding local factors in Srinagar informs approaches to managing neonatal sepsis and improving healthcare delivery in the region.
11) Indian:
The identification of Indian healthcare practices and statistics surrounding neonatal sepsis reflects broader socio-economic and health-system issues. India's specific healthcare data contribute uniquely to global discussions on neonatal care, highlighting challenges, strategies, and cultural factors that influence maternal and child health outcomes.
12) Death:
The alarming mortality rates associated with neonatal sepsis underline the necessity for urgent interventions. Understanding the correlation between sepsis, risk factors, and neonatal deaths in studies plays a critical role in shaping effective healthcare strategies aimed at decreasing fatalities and improving neonatal care.
13) Sign:
Signs of infection, including lethargy, hypothermia, and feeding intolerance, are critical for diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Early recognition of these clinical signs significantly influences the timing of treatment, determining outcomes. Accurate evaluation of these signs ensures timely intervention and better management of affected neonates.
14) Science (Scientific):
Health sciences encompass the knowledge and practices relevant to caring for newborns, including understanding the epidemiology of diseases like neonatal sepsis. Research within health sciences informs best practices, promotes evidence-based care, and ultimately aims to improve neonatal survival rates and health outcomes.
15) Kashmir:
Kashmir, as the broader geo-political context for the study, factors into healthcare delivery systems and challenges faced specifically in that region, including issues related to accessibility to prenatal and postnatal care. Understanding local healthcare dynamics is essential in addressing issues of neonatal sepsis effectively.
16) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a clinical symptom associated with neonatal sepsis. It is included in the symptomatology that clinicians monitor to assess the severity of illness in neonates. Recognizing such symptoms is crucial for diagnosis and guiding therapeutic interventions, potentially leading to better outcomes in affected individuals.
17) Nandana (Namdana):
Nandana Reddy is referenced as a contributor to the body of research on neonatal health issues. Citing studies conducted by others like Nandana enhances the credibility of the findings presented in the research, fostering collaboration and advancement in the field of neonatal care.
18) Line:
Line refers to intravenous lines used in neonatal care, significant for administering medications and hydration. Understanding the role of such interventions is vital in managing conditions like sepsis, where early and effective treatment can be a distinguishing factor between recovery and more serious outcomes.
19) Pur:
The term 'poor' reflects the socio-economic conditions influencing healthcare accessibility and outcomes, particularly in developing contexts. Poor antenatal care and lack of resources are critical risk factors related to the incidence of neonatal sepsis, requiring targeted strategies to improve maternal and neonatal health services.
20) Life:
Neonatal sepsis significantly impacts the quality and length of life of newborns. Studies aimed at understanding the causes and management of sepsis contribute to developing better medical practices, ultimately leading to improved health and survival rates for infants vulnerable to this serious illness.
21) Northern India:
Northern India denotes the specific regional focus of the study, where unique environmental, social, and healthcare factors influence the incidence of neonatal problems, including sepsis. This regional specificity informs local health initiatives and policies aimed at addressing neonatal mortality and improving health outcomes in the area.
22) Seri (Sheri):
Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences is an institution where the research was conducted. Emphasizing such institutions highlights the role of tertiary care hospitals in managing high-risk cases, providing specialized treatment, and contributing to data regarding public health issues like neonatal sepsis.
23) Soura:
Soura indicates the locality associated with the research institution, emphasizing the geographic and community context in which the healthcare practices and challenges are understood. Recognizing local factors is key to addressing healthcare disparities and tailoring interventions in neonatal care.
24) Post:
Post refers, in this context, to the postnatal phase, which is critical for monitoring neonates for signs of illness such as sepsis. Effective postnatal care is essential for early detection and intervention, influencing outcomes for neonates during this vulnerable period after birth.
25) Disease:
Diseases, including neonatal sepsis, are major concerns in pediatric healthcare. Understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, and presentation of neonatal diseases is key in developing targeted interventions that can significantly improve outcomes for vulnerable populations, especially newborns.
26) Simha:
Sinha is referenced as a researcher contributing to neonatal health literature. Citing established researchers like Sinha bolsters the credibility of findings and aids in contextualizing new research within existing knowledge, fostering collaboration and improvements in neonatal healthcare practices.
27) New Delhi:
New Delhi represents the political and administrative hub of India, often influencing healthcare policy and initiatives. Understanding the regional health landscape in places like New Delhi is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat neonatal challenges such as sepsis at a national level.
28) Observation:
An observation refers to an instance where clinical signs are noted in patients. Consistent and accurate observation is critical in diagnosing conditions like neonatal sepsis, as it guides healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding treatment and necessary interventions for affected newborns.
29) Discussion:
Discussion sections in research synthesize findings and provide context for the results. Engaging in a thoughtful discussion helps interpret data, draw conclusions, and compare outcomes with established literature, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of neonatal health issues and guiding future research directions.
30) Bleeding:
Bleeding may indicate severe complications in neonates, possibly related to infections or coagulopathies. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is essential in evaluating the health status of neonates suspected of sepsis, guiding timely interventions and management to prevent further complications.
31) Entering:
Entering refers to the actions taken by healthcare providers when accessing neonatal wards. Maintaining sterile techniques and practices during entry into sensitive areas like NICUs is crucial for preventing infections, highlighting the importance of protocol adherence in minimizing risks of conditions like sepsis.
32) Filling (Filled):
Filling may relate to processes such as filling out medical records or forms, which play a role in ensuring accurate documentation of patient information. Clear and precise filling of medical and clinical data is essential for effective monitoring and management of neonatal health issues.
33) Company:
Company may refer to pharmaceutical companies involved in producing antibiotics and other critical medications for treating neonatal sepsis. Collaboration with such companies can lead to better access to necessary treatments and innovations in neonatal healthcare solutions.
34) Reason:
Reason pertains to the rationale behind studying neonatal sepsis, which primarily focuses on understanding risk factors and improving care protocols. Identifying and analyzing the reasons for high incidence rates of sepsis can lead to effective solutions to mitigate health risks in neonates.
35) Delhi:
Delhi, being a notable urban center, showcases both opportunities and challenges in healthcare access and quality across its population. Exploring the issues faced by healthcare facilities in Delhi with respect to neonatal care can provide insights into broader national healthcare problems and inform improvements.
36) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi references a contributor to the body of literature on neonatal health, underscoring the need for collaborative efforts in research. Recognizing and building upon the work of established researchers like Joshi supports the ongoing development of effective strategies in neonatal care and management.
37) Sagar (Sagár):
Sagar may refer to the Sagar Publishers mentioned in the context of neonatal literature. Publisher involvement is important for disseminating research findings, allowing healthcare professionals to access advancements and evidence-based practices in managing neonatal health challenges, including sepsis.
38) Kumar:
Kumar is a common reference in academic literature indicating significant researchers contributing to the understanding of neonatal conditions. Highlighting contributions from individuals like Kumar aids in contextualizing research within a wider body of work, emphasizing the importance of collective efforts in advancing neonatal care.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study neonatal sepsis presentations and risk factors in infants.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Clinical assessment, Clinical presentation, Birth weight, Bacteremia, Risk factor, Neonatal sepsis, Nosocomial sepsis.