Study neonatal sepsis profiles and antibiotic sensitivity.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: To study the bacteriological profile of community acquired and hospital acquired neonatal sepsis and to study the sensitivity of the causative organisms to antibiotics
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Sheikh Quyoom Hussain, Irfan Qayoom and Adil Ramzan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: To study the bacteriological profile of community acquired and hospital acquired neonatal sepsis and to study the sensitivity of the causative organisms to antibiotics
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20796
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Neonatal septicemia or sepsis neonatorum is characterized by a systemic infection occurring within the first month of life, often leading to severe clinical manifestations and high mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential, as neonatal sepsis can be responsible for 30%-50% of neonatal deaths annually. The incidence rates indicate serious health concerns, with a reported incidence of 38 cases per 1,000 live births in Asia. This study focused on the bacteriological profile of both community-acquired and nosocomial neonatal sepsis, alongside the antibiotic sensitivity of identified pathogens.
Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Sepsis
The study included 5,128 neonates admitted over a year, out of which 414 were diagnosed with neonatal septicemia. Among these cases, a distinction was made between community-acquired infections (265 cases) and nosocomial infections (149 cases). The predominant presenting symptoms were lethargy, hypothermia, and tachypnea, with low birth weight and preterm gestation identified as critical risk factors. Blood culture results revealed a high culture positivity rate, with 47.82% culture-positive cases; the majority (80.30%) were gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Klebsiella species.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
The study highlighted concerning trends in antibiotic resistance among the pathogens responsible for neonatal sepsis. Gram-positive organisms demonstrated a 100% sensitivity to vancomycin. However, gram-negative organisms exhibited significant resistance to common antibiotic classes such as quinolones and beta-lactams. In light of these findings, the treatment protocols were modified to include colistin and tigecycline for managing infections effectively. These results underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns to inform treatment strategies.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors
In terms of clinical presentation, lethargy/refusal to feed was noted in over 66% of the cases, with hypothermia and tachypnea also being prevalent symptoms. Risk factors contributing to neonatal septicemia included low birth weight in nearly 68% of the cases and preterm gestation in over 40%. These findings emphasize the need for heightened clinical vigilance and preventive strategies targeting vulnerable populations to mitigate the risk of sepsis in neonates.
Conclusion
The research emphasizes the critical role of early detection and appropriate treatment in the management of neonatal sepsis, particularly in developing regions where healthcare resources may be limited. The significant prevalence of gram-negative organisms and their high resistance patterns to antibiotics highlight the urgent need for a multifaceted approach to reduce both community-acquired and nosocomial sepsis. Coordination between healthcare providers, improved infection control measures, and better access to antenatal care are essential to improve outcomes for neonates at risk of sepsis.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is neonatal septicemia and its significance?
Neonatal septicemia, or sepsis neonatorum, is a systemic infection in newborns, often leading to severe morbidity and neonatal mortality. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for better outcomes, as sepsis accounts for a substantial percentage of neonatal deaths, especially in developing countries.
What were the common clinical symptoms observed in neonatal sepsis?
Common symptoms included lethargy or refusal to feed, hypothermia, tachypnea, feeding intolerance, and prolonged jaundice. These symptoms help in the provisional diagnosis of neonatal septicemia, emphasizing the need for timely clinical evaluation.
Which factors increase the risk of neonatal septicemia?
Factors such as low birth weight, preterm gestation, prolonged rupture of membranes, and maternal infections significantly increase the risk of neonatal septicemia. Understanding these risks can aid in better management and prevention strategies.
What were the predominant organisms found in neonatal sepsis?
Klebsiella was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. Among gram-positive organisms, Enterococcus was predominant, which highlights the diversity of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis.
How do antibiotic resistance patterns affect treatment in neonates?
There is a noticeable high resistance pattern among gram-negative organisms to commonly used antibiotics. This necessitates the use of more potent antibiotics like tigecycline and colistin to effectively manage neonatal septicemia and prescribe appropriate treatment.
What are the implications of high C-reactive protein levels in septic neonates?
In this study, elevated C-reactive protein levels were observed in a significant proportion of culture-positive cases, indicating its role as a potential biomarker for infection. Monitoring this alongside clinical symptoms can improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy in neonatal sepsis.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study neonatal sepsis profiles and antibiotic sensitivity.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to the systematic investigation undertaken to explore and analyze the bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis. It emphasizes the importance of research in understanding the disease’s prevalence, causative organisms, and their antibiotic sensitivity, contributing to improved medical outcomes for affected neonates.
2) Blood:
The term 'Blood' is critical in the context of neonatal sepsis as blood cultures are performed to identify causative organisms of infection. Blood tests play a significant role in diagnosing sepsis, influencing treatment decisions, and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy in affected newborns.
3) Table:
In the document, 'Table' refers to organized data presentations that summarize and facilitate the understanding of findings related to neonatal sepsis. Tables enhance clarity by displaying critical statistics, such as incidence rates, clinical features, and bacteriological profiles, making it easier for readers to comprehend complex information.
4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term 'Antibiotic' is pivotal in treating infections such as neonatal sepsis. The document discusses the sensitivity of isolated organisms to various antibiotics, emphasizing the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This word is central to informing treatment protocols and ensuring effective infection management in neonates.
5) Birth:
The term 'Births' relates to the statistics of live births within the population studied, serving as a denominator essential for calculating the incidence of neonatal sepsis. Understanding birth rates is crucial for assessing public health and developing strategies to improve neonatal outcomes.
6) India:
The term 'India' denotes the geographical focus of the study, providing context to the incidence and epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in the country. The study reports statistics pertaining to Indian neonatal outcomes, informing stakeholders about the challenges within the Indian healthcare system related to neonatal infections.
7) Developing:
The term 'Developing' is significant as it classifies countries with high rates of neonatal mortality. It highlights the disparities in healthcare access and quality, drawing attention to the urgent need for improved medical practices and resources in neonatal care to reduce infection rates and improve outcomes.
8) Indian:
The term 'Indian' contextualizes the research within the specific cultural and healthcare framework of India. It indicates the regional relevance of the findings on neonatal sepsis, ensuring that the data and insights pertain specifically to the Indian pediatric population and healthcare challenges.
9) Nandana (Namdana):
The term 'Nandana' likely refers to a specific researcher or author whose work is cited in the study. It underscores the collaborative nature of scientific research, where previous studies serve as a foundation for current investigations, and lends credibility to the findings presented in the study.
10) Death:
The term 'Death' in this context refers to neonatal mortality, a critical statistic that signifies the severity of neonatal sepsis as a public health concern. The study reflects on death rates attributed to infections, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatment and prevention strategies.
11) Srinagar:
The term 'Srinagar' identifies the specific location where the study was conducted. This urban center in Northern India serves as the backdrop for the research, influencing the demographic and healthcare characteristics pertinent to the study, and providing localized insights on neonatal health.
12) Aureus:
The term 'Aureus' is associated with Staphylococcus aureus, a significant gram-positive bacterium isolated in cases of neonatal sepsis. Understanding the role of different bacterial species, including their resistance patterns, is crucial for informing treatment strategies and antibiotic selection in affected neonates.
13) Sign:
The term 'Sign' refers to clinical manifestations observed in neonates suffering from sepsis. Clinical signs, such as lethargy and feeding intolerance, are critical for early diagnosis, guiding prompt medical interventions that can significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of infected newborns.
14) Fever:
The term 'Fever' indicates a common clinical symptom in neonates with infection. Monitoring temperature changes is essential for diagnosing sepsis, as fever can signal the body's immune response to infection, necessitating further clinical evaluation and prompt initiation of treatment protocols.
15) Life:
The term 'Life' underscores the importance of neonatal health, particularly the vulnerability of newborns to infections like sepsis. Ensuring a healthy start in life through preventive measures and effective treatment is vital for reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality rates, especially in at-risk populations.
16) Northern India:
The term 'Northern India' specifies the geographical focus of the study, emphasizing regional healthcare issues such as neonatal sepsis. The location provides context for the findings, demonstrating the significance of cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors influencing neonatal health outcomes in that area.
17) Observation:
The term 'Observations' references the systematic findings gathered during the study, providing insights into the incidence, clinical features, and bacteriological profiles related to neonatal sepsis. These observations are crucial for understanding the disease and shaping future research and clinical practices.
18) Vomiting:
The term 'Vomiting' is one of the clinical signs of neonatal sepsis and serves as an important indicator of gastrointestinal disturbance. Recognizing vomiting among other symptoms can aid clinicians in the early detection of sepsis, thereby facilitating timely medical interventions to improve outcomes.
19) Disease:
The term 'Diseases' encompasses a wide range of health conditions, including neonatal sepsis. Understanding the diseases affecting neonates is crucial for developing preventive measures and treatments, aiming to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among vulnerable populations.
20) Science (Scientific):
The term 'Sciences' pertains to the broader field encompassing medical and healthcare-related research. It underscores the interdisciplinary nature of neonatal health studies, which integrate knowledge from microbiology, pharmacology, and clinical practices to address complex health challenges such as neonatal sepsis.
21) Labour (Labor):
The term 'Labour' relates to the maternal process of childbirth, which can influence neonatal health. Complications during labor, such as maternal infections or prolonged rupture of membranes, are identified as risk factors for neonatal sepsis, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring during delivery.
22) Post:
The term 'Post' signifies the period following birth and is relevant in discussing neonatal care. The management of infants in the postnatal period, particularly for those at risk of sepsis, is crucial for ensuring a healthy transition and preventing potential complications associated with infections.
23) Agnihotrin (Agni-hotri, Agni-hotrin, Agnihotr, Agnihotri):
The term 'Agnihotri' signifies a researcher whose work is referenced in the study. Citing previous investigations acknowledges the contributions of other scholars and builds upon established knowledge, enriching the current study's credibility and contextualizing its findings within existing literature.
24) Beta:
The term 'Beta' may reference beta-lactam antibiotics, a class effectively used against certain bacterial infections. In discussing antibiotic resistance patterns in neonatal sepsis, understanding the effectiveness of beta-lactam drugs is essential for guiding appropriate treatment choices for infected neonates.
25) Pur:
The term 'Poor' relates to the socioeconomic conditions that can affect healthcare access and neonatal outcomes. In developing countries, poor healthcare infrastructure may lead to higher rates of neonatal sepsis, necessitating targeted interventions to improve maternal and infant health in these populations.
26) Eastern India:
The term 'Eastern India' situates the discussion within a specific geographical area, indicating regional disparities in neonatal health issues. This localization considers variations in healthcare access, prevalence of infections, and outcomes, emphasizing the importance of tailoring healthcare strategies to local contexts.
27) New Delhi:
The term 'New Delhi' denotes the capital of India and serves as a significant reference point for healthcare policy and research initiatives. The city's public health strategies may influence neonatal care across the country, affecting overall outcomes related to neonatal sepsis.
28) Discussion:
The term 'Discussion' indicates the section of the study where findings are analyzed and contextualized. It serves to interpret the results, addressing their implications for clinical practice, healthcare policy, and future research directions related to neonatal sepsis.
29) Shrikara (Shri-kara, Srikara):
The term 'Shrikara' likely refers to a co-author or researcher whose contributions enrich the study's credibility. Including diverse authors reflects the collaborative nature of medical research, drawing upon various expertise to enhance the understanding of neonatal health issues.
30) Medicine:
The term 'Medicine' pertains to the field focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. It is relevant in the context of neonatal sepsis as advancements in medical knowledge and practice can substantially impact the management and outcomes of affected newborns.
31) Bleeding:
The term 'Bleeding' represents a potential complication associated with neonatal sepsis, often signifying coagulopathy or other underlying issues. Recognizing bleeding as a clinical sign can prompt further investigation and management, highlighting the interconnectedness of various symptoms in affecting neonatal health.
32) Species:
The term 'Species' in this context refers to specific types of bacteria isolated in cases of neonatal sepsis. Identifying the responsible species is critical for determining appropriate treatment strategies and understanding regional variations in the bacteriological profile of infections.
33) Filling (Filled):
The term 'Filling' may reference physiological parameters such as capillary refill time, relevant in assessing circulation and shock in neonates. Monitoring these signs is essential for identifying and managing sepsis effectively, allowing for timely intervention in critically ill infants.
34) Company:
The term 'Company' could likely refer to the organizations involved in medical research and publishing. Collaborations between academic institutions and healthcare providers enrich research efforts, ensuring that findings are disseminated effectively and integrated into clinical practice.
35) Gupta:
The term 'Gupta' points to a researcher referenced in the document, suggesting the contribution of various authors in the field of neonatal sepsis research. Acknowledging different authors highlights the collaborative effort necessary to advance medical knowledge and improve health outcomes.
36) Delhi:
The term 'Delhi' refers to the capital territory of India, which may influence healthcare practices and policies. It serves as a focal point for various health initiatives, shaping strategies related to maternal and neonatal health across the broader Indian context.
37) Joshi (Josi):
The term 'Joshi' likely points to an author or researcher whose work is relevant to the study. Citing established researchers recognizes their contributions and strengthens the study's position within the existing body of literature addressing neonatal sepsis.
38) Sagar (Sagár):
The term 'Sagar' may refer to a co-author or researcher involved in the study. Collaborative authorship is essential in biomedical research, as diverse expertise can lead to more comprehensive investigations and a deeper understanding of complex health issues.
39) Kumar:
The term 'Kumar' identifies a specific researcher or figure referenced within the document. Highlighting various authors underscores the importance of teamwork and interdisciplinary approaches in medical research, essential for tackling public health challenges like neonatal sepsis.
40) Soura:
The term 'Soura' indicates a specific locality or institution related to the study's context. Naming locations enhances the specificity of the research, providing insight into the healthcare landscape and the population affected by neonatal sepsis within that geographical area.
41) Jaya:
The term 'Jaya' may refer to a co-author or contributor whose work enriches the research narrative. Identifying different authors emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, where multiple perspectives contribute to a fuller understanding of health issues.
42) Cali (Celu):
The term 'Cali' likely refers to a researcher mentioned in a citation within the study. Citing other researchers lends credibility to the research and indicates a continuum of inquiry into neonatal health and sepsis management.
43) Babu:
The term 'Babu' likely denotes a researcher whose work is relevant to neonatal health. Recognizing contributors reflects the collaborative effort necessary in scientific endeavors, where multiple expertise areas converge to address complex health challenges like neonatal sepsis.
44) Line:
The term 'Line' could refer to the line of inquiry followed in the study or specific categorizations made in the discussion of findings. Clear delineation is vital for structured research presentation, aiding readers in navigating through complex data and conclusions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study neonatal sepsis profiles and antibiotic sensitivity.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Clinical assessment, Clinical presentation, Antimicrobial therapy, Risk factor, Prospective observational study, Antibiotic resistance pattern, Blood culture, Gram positive organism, Gram negative organism, Bacteriological Profile, Nosocomial sepsis.