In vitro aggression of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Invitro aggressiveness of trichoderma spp against fusarium oxysporum inciting root rot of soybean.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Jamadar A. M. and Khade S. K.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Invitro aggressiveness of trichoderma spp against fusarium oxysporum inciting root rot of soybean.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20705
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Root rot of soybean (Glycine max L.), primarily caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, poses a significant threat to crop yield worldwide, especially in India. This study evaluates the efficacy of various species of Trichoderma, a well-known fungal biological control agent, against both sensitive and resistant isolates of Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro conditions. The research highlights the potential of Trichoderma species to serve as an alternative strategy for managing root rot disease, which is responsible for substantial yield losses in soybean cultivation.
The Role of Trichoderma in Biological Control
Trichoderma species have emerged as one of the most effective bioprotectants in managing plant diseases caused by a range of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Their antagonistic properties largely stem from their ability to successfully compete with pathogens for resources and produce toxic metabolites that inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. In the context of this study, six species of Trichoderma were investigated: T. atroviride, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, T. koningii, and T. pseudokoningii, revealing their ability to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum.
Efficacy of Trichoderma Against Pathogens
The results indicated that all tested Trichoderma species demonstrated significant antagonism toward Fusarium oxysporum, with T. atroviride, T. koningii, and T. harzianum exhibiting the highest efficacy. Specifically, these species provided up to 90% antagonistic activity against sensitive isolates of the pathogen, whereas resistant isolates affected the degree of inhibition. Consequently, the study underscores that utilizing Trichoderma not only enhances crop health but also mitigates the impact of root rot on soybean production.
Nutritional and Economic Importance of Soybean
Beyond its vulnerability to root rot, soybean is a crucial crop with extensive economic and nutritional implications. Rich in protein and oil, it plays a vital role in maintaining soil fertility through its symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria, promoting nitrogen fixation. In India, soybean cultivation is particularly significant, contributing substantially to agricultural output and supporting industries. The country stands third globally in terms of area cultivated with soybean, underscoring the crop's importance to food security and the economy.
Conclusion
In summary, the study highlights the promising role of Trichoderma species as biological control agents against Fusarium oxysporum, suggesting potential applications in sustainable agriculture to manage soybean root rot. The findings advocate for further research and development of Trichoderma-based products that are stable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. As agricultural practices evolve, integrating biological control mechanisms like Trichoderma could serve as a vital strategy for enhancing crop resilience and productivity while minimizing dependency on chemical fungicides.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main cause of root rot in soybean?
Root rot in soybean, specifically caused by Fusarium oxysporum, leads to significant yield loss, affecting plants at any stage of growth. Symptoms include wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth.
How were the Trichoderma species tested against Fusarium oxysporum?
The antagonistic efficacy of different Trichoderma species was assessed using a dual culture method, measuring their ability to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum under laboratory conditions.
Which Trichoderma species showed the highest antagonistic activity?
Trichoderma atroviride and T. koningii exhibited the highest antagonistic activities of 90% and 80%, respectively, against the sensitive isolates of Fusarium oxysporum.
What are the nutritional benefits of soybean?
Soybean is rich in protein and oil, providing essential nutrients like calcium, iron, and vitamins. It's referred to as the ‘Poor man’s meat’ due to its high protein value.
How can Trichoderma species help in agriculture?
Trichoderma species serve as effective biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, promoting sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and improving plant health.
What was the methodology for isolating Trichoderma species?
Trichoderma species were isolated from rhizosphere soils using the potato dextrose agar method and identified based on colony characteristics and mycelium structure.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro aggression of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Species:
The term 'species' refers to a unique group of organisms that share distinct characteristics and are capable of interbreeding. In this study, it specifically denotes various Trichoderma species examined for their ability to antagonize Fusarium oxysporum, which causes root rot in soybean crops.
2) Disease:
'Diseases' refer to a variety of conditions caused by pathogens affecting plant health. Understanding various diseases, including those prevalent in soybean crops due to pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, is crucial for developing effective management strategies, particularly biological control methods involving Trichoderma spp.
3) Crop:
'Crops' refers to cultivated plants, primarily those grown for food or other commercial uses. This study addresses challenges to crops like soybean from pathogens. It emphasizes the need for innovative management strategies, especially biological approaches using Trichoderma to enhance crop health.
4) India:
'India' is a major agricultural nation that faces challenges like crop diseases. The country is particularly noted for soybean cultivation, which has seen growth but also suffers from Fusarium oxysporum root rot. This study examines biological solutions for such issues within its agricultural context.
5) Soil:
'Soil' is the upper layer of earth where plants grow, containing nutrients and microorganisms. It serves as both the habitat for many pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum, and for beneficial organisms like Trichoderma, which can help control plant diseases and enhance crop yield.
6) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
'Maharashtra' is a state in India known for its agricultural output, particularly in soybean production. The research conducted in this region assesses the effectiveness of different Trichoderma species in mitigating root rot disease, emphasizing regional agricultural practices and challenges.
7) Kumar:
'Kumar' refers to an author mentioned in the study, contributing to the existing body of knowledge regarding agriculture and plant pathology. His research often focuses on plant diseases and agricultural productivity, serving as a critical reference point in understanding the impacts of diseases like root rot.
8) Activity:
'Activity' in this context refers to the physiological actions or responses of organisms, particularly the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species against pathogens. The study evaluates these activities to determine their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in controlled conditions.
9) Botany:
'Botany' is the scientific study of plant life and encompasses research in plant diseases, cultivation, and environmental interactions. The discipline is vital for understanding the impacts of pathogens like Fusarium on crops and assessing biocontrol measures, such as using Trichoderma species.
10) Water:
'Water' is essential for plant life and influences the spread of pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum through soil moisture. The study recognizes the role of water in facilitating disease transmission, highlighting the importance of management practices to ensure healthy crops, particularly soybean.
11) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to the systematic investigation conducted to understand the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum. This research aims to provide insights into potential biocontrol methods, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and improving soybean crop resilience.
12) Cina:
'China' is recognized as one of the primary regions for soybean cultivation. The mention of China provides context about the global significance of soybean production and the various challenges faced by countries, including the threat of diseases like root rot from pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum.
13) Surface:
'Surface' refers to the external layer of materials, such as soil or plant roots. In the context of this research, surface interactions between Trichoderma species and pathogens are crucial, as these interactions are fundamental to understanding the efficacy of biological control methods.
14) Medium:
'Medium' in this study refers to the culture medium used to grow fungi. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) serves as a crucial environment for isolating Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma species, facilitating evaluations of their growth patterns and interactions under laboratory settings.
15) Sowing:
'Sowing' is the agricultural practice of planting seeds in soil. The timing and method of sowing are crucial for soybean crops, as they influence the plant's exposure to diseases like root rot, underscoring the importance of early intervention strategies including biological controls.
16) Pulse:
'Pulses' refers broadly to leguminous crops that include beans, lentils, and peas. They are crucial for their nutritional content and role in crop rotation. The study emphasizes their importance while also addressing the challenge posed by diseases like Fusarium in maintaining healthy yields.
17) Performance:
'Performance' measures the effectiveness of Trichoderma species in inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum growth. The study evaluates these performance metrics quantitatively through percentage inhibition rates, contributing to the understanding of biocontrol agents in agricultural disease management.
18) Agriculture:
'Agriculture' is the practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock. Effective management of plant diseases in agriculture is essential for food security. This research contributes to agricultural studies by exploring biocontrol options like Trichoderma for managing root rot in soybean.
19) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section where research findings are analyzed. It contextualizes the results concerning existing literature, allowing for interpretations that guide future research directions and practical applications in controlling soybean root rot through Trichoderma species.
20) Substance:
'Substance' highlights individual biochemical compounds generated by Trichoderma. These substances play a vital role in the biological control approach against Fusarium oxysporum, which, if effectively harnessed, can enhance disease management strategies and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
21) Kolhapur:
'Kolhapur' is mentioned as the location of the Plant Pathology Laboratory where pathogenic cultures are deposited. Its significance lies in its regional agricultural research contributions, focusing on local crop diseases like soybean root rot, and fostering innovative biological solutions based on local geopolitical contexts.
22) Quality:
'Quality' pertains to the standard and productivity of crops. The study emphasizes how diseases like root rot adversely affect the quality of soybean yields, driving the need for effective biocontrol strategies through Trichoderma spp. to maintain and improve agricultural quality and output.
23) Mineral:
'Mineral' refers to essential inorganic substances required for plant health. The transport and uptake of minerals can be affected by root diseases like Fusarium oxysporum, thereby impacting plant nutrition, growth, and yield, and underscoring the importance of disease management through biological control.
24) Insect:
'Insect' refers specifically to a class of organisms that, besides being pests, can play a role in pollination. In the context of agriculture, understanding their interactions with crops and pathogens is vital for comprehensive pest and disease management alongside biocontrol strategies.
25) Mishra (Misra):
'Mishra' refers to an author acknowledged in the study, contributing to research in plant pathology and agriculture. Their findings provide foundational knowledge essential for evaluating Trichoderma's effectiveness against pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, emphasizing collaboration in scientific research.
26) Sangli:
'Sangli' is another location mentioned in the study, similar to Kolhapur, regarding agricultural research. It serves as a relevant area for understanding local challenges and practices in soybean cultivation and how biological methods, such as using Trichoderma spp., can address these issues effectively.
27) Nature:
'Nature' represents the inherent qualities and biological interactions within ecosystems. Understanding the nature of interactions between Trichoderma species and pathogenic fungi is crucial for developing effective biocontrol strategies, contributing to ecological balance and sustainable agricultural practices.
28) Farmer:
'Farmer' denotes individuals who cultivate crops, facing the economic and ecological impacts of plant diseases. The study highlights the significance of finding effective biological control methods like Trichoderma for farmers, enabling them to mitigate yield losses and promote sustainable farming practices.
29) Gold (Golden):
'Golden' describes soybeans with the epithet 'Golden bean,' referencing their nutritional value and economic importance. This term reinforces the significance of soybean as a valuable crop owing to its oil and protein content, which can be threatened by diseases like root rot.
30) Gupta:
'Gupta' refers to an author cited in the study, whose contributions to plant pathology and biocontrol research provide insights that complement the investigation of Trichoderma as a biological control agent against crop diseases like Fusarium oxysporum.
31) Table:
'Table' denotes a data presentation format within research. In this study, tables summarize key findings quantitatively, facilitating analysis and communication of results concerning the antagonistic effects of various Trichoderma species on Fusarium oxysporum, emphasizing experimental outcomes and statistical significance.
32) Death:
'Death' signifies the potential consequence of severe disease infections in plants, particularly when pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum cause significant damage. Understanding and mitigating plant death through effective biological control methods is essential in agriculture to ensure productivity and sustainability.
33) Soya:
'Soya' refers specifically to soybeans and is often associated with their high protein and oil content. The study underscores the significance of soya cultivation in agriculture, highlighting the interventions needed against root rot diseases that threaten this important crop type.
34) Food:
'Food' denotes substances consumed to sustain life. In the context of agriculture, the study highlights the importance of maintaining healthy crops like soybeans to ensure food security. Effective management strategies are crucial for maximizing both yields and quality of food produced.
35) Meat:
'Meat' symbolizes a protein source derived from animal tissues, while soya serves as a plant-based alternative. The term 'poor man's meat' is used to emphasize the significance of soybeans in providing essential proteins, which is further threatened by diseases impacting crop yields.
36) Pur:
'Poor' refers to low-quality or deficient conditions, often highlighting challenges faced in agriculture. The term 'poor man's meat' underscores the dependence of economically disadvantaged groups on soybeans as a protein source, emphasizing the need for effective interventions against crop diseases to support food security.
37) Dish (Dis):
'Dish' generally refers to prepared food and can symbolize the final product of agricultural output. In the agricultural context, ensuring healthy crops leads to quality food products. The study's findings aim to contribute to the production of better quality dishes by maintaining healthy soybean crops.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In vitro aggression of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Cultivation, Agricultural practices, Bacterial infection, Symbiotic relationship, Nutritional value, Disease management, Antagonistic activity, Pathogenic fungi, In vitro condition.