Neurological manifestation of covid-19

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Neurological manifestation of covid-19”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Viru:
Viru refers to viruses, which are microscopic infectious agents. In the context of this review, it specifically pertains to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Understanding the properties and behavior of the virus is crucial for recognizing how it leads to various health complications, including neurological manifestations.

2) Blood:
Blood plays a key role in the body as a transport medium for nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products. In the context of COVID-19, changes in blood composition, such as coagulopathy and cytokine storms, contribute to severe complications like thrombosis and hemorrhagic events affecting the brain and other organs.

3) Pain:
Pain is a complex sensory experience that serves as a warning signal for injury or illness. In COVID-19 patients, pain can manifest as nerve pain due to the immune response triggered by the virus, leading to heightened sensitivity and a variety of neuropathic symptoms.

4) Gupta:
Gupta refers to the authors of the study, Neelakshi Pal and Kuntal Gupta, who emphasize the neurological impact of COVID-19. Their research is pivotal in enhancing understanding of the intricate relationship between the viral infection and its resulting neurological complications, paving the way for better clinical responses.

5) Storm:
Storm often refers to a 'cytokine storm,' a severe immune response characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in COVID-19, as it exacerbates inflammation and can lead to systemic damage, including neurological impairment and respiratory distress.

6) Disease:
Diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions. The review identifies multiple neurological disorders that can arise both from direct viral effects and inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19, such as encephalopathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome, illustrating the broader implications of the virus on health.

7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli and is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. In COVID-19, inflammation can be both localized and systemic, contributing to neurological damage through processes like cytokine storms, which can affect the blood-brain barrier and lead to various symptoms.

8) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues. In the context of COVID-19, oedema can occur in the brain, resulting from inflammation and vascular damage caused by the virus, which can lead to neurological complications and further health issues.

9) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom in many infections, serving as a body’s defense mechanism. In COVID-19 patients, fever may appear along with respiratory symptoms, but neurological manifestations can also be present despite the absence of fever, highlighting the need for comprehensive symptom evaluation.

10) Beta:
Beta refers to a group of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, that are classified under this genus due to their genomic features. This classification is essential in understanding the virus’s pathogenesis and its similarities to other coronaviruses, guiding research and therapeutic strategies.

11) Post:
Post refers to the aftermath of an event, such as post-COVID neurological complications. This term emphasizes the emerging understanding that many individuals may experience lasting neurological effects following recovery from COVID-19, necessitating awareness and treatment for these long-term consequences.

12) Activity:
Activity refers to any indication of action or functioning within biological systems. In the context of COVID-19, neuronal activity can be altered due to viral invasion and inflammation, impacting cognitive and motor functions, necessitating further investigation of these changes.

13) Account:
Accounts serve as narratives or reports detailing findings or experiences. In this review, various accounts of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients provide critical insights into the disease's impact on the nervous system and potential treatment strategies.

14) India:
India refers to the geographical location of the authors of the study, which underscores the global relevance of COVID-19. The implications of the findings are pertinent not only in India but across the world, as understanding neurological effects aids in managing the pandemic's fallout.

15) Barre:
Barre refers to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological condition that can be triggered by infections, including COVID-19. Understanding this syndrome's connection to the virus is crucial for recognizing and treating affected patients to mitigate potential long-term disabilities.

16) Drug:
A drug is a medicine that can affect physiological functions. In the context of treating COVID-19, various antiviral drugs are investigated for effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 while also exploring potential treatments for the resulting neurological symptoms caused by the virus.

17) Horn:
Horns may symbolize the anatomical extensions and refer to the 'anterior horns' of the spinal cord, where motor neuron damage can occur due to COVID-19, emphasizing neurological complications and the need for targeted interventions.

18) Wall:
Walls symbolize barriers that can influence interactions, such as the blood-brain barrier. In COVID-19, disruption of these barriers allows the virus to affect the central nervous system, highlighting the need to study these pathways in understanding neurological manifestations.

19) Hand:
Hand symbolizes manual dexterity and may relate to the physical consequences of neurological complications. In COVID-19 survivors, issues such as loss of motor function or neuropathy can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life, highlighting the need for rehabilitative care.

20) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation refers to a painful feeling experienced due to nerve damage or irritation, often reported in COVID-19 patients. This symptom can indicate neurological involvement and arises from inflammation or direct viral effects on the nervous system.

21) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the spread of the virus from one individual to another or to tissues within the body. In COVID-19, understanding the mechanisms of transmission, especially neuroinvasion, is vital in managing outbreaks and controlling neurological complications.

22) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of substances, which can occur within the body tissues. In COVID-19, the accumulation of inflammatory mediators can damage neurons and other cells, leading to neurological symptoms and exacerbating conditions like encephalopathy.

23) Perception:
Perception refers to the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory information. In COVID-19, sensory perception can be impaired, especially in smell and taste, due to the virus's impact on the corresponding sensory neurons.

24) Developing:
Developing refers to the emergence of conditions or symptoms over time. In the context of COVID-19, it captures the idea that patients may begin to experience neurological symptoms after the initial infection, highlighting the need for monitoring beyond respiratory manifestations.

25) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the physical or mental distress experienced by individuals. In COVID-19, patients may suffer from a range of symptoms, including neurological complications, which can significantly impair quality of life and necessitate comprehensive care.

26) Splitting:
Splitting may refer to division or separation, often in the context of biological processes like the splitting of cells. In COVID-19, it can relate to the breakdown of normal cellular functions due to viral infection, impacting many aspects of health.

27) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom associated with gastrointestinal disturbances. In COVID-19 patients, it can signify the systemic effects of the virus, emphasizing the need for multifaceted symptom management in treating individuals affected by the disease.

28) Swelling:
Swelling refers to an increase in size due to fluid accumulation, often resulting from inflammation. In COVID-19, swelling can occur in various tissues, including the brain, leading to neurological symptoms and the need for careful assessment and treatment.

29) Language:
Language is the system of communication used to convey information. In the context of neurological disorders caused by COVID-19, language functions may be disrupted, impacting a patient's ability to communicate and indicating the extent of neural involvement.

30) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is a natural bodily function often used to regulate temperature. In COVID-19, altered sweating patterns may occur due to neurological involvement or as part of the physiological response to infection, adding to the complexity of symptomatology.

31) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. COVID-19 may trigger or exacerbate seizure activity in patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring neurological symptoms during and after recovery from the infection.

32) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning may refer to a painful sensation often associated with neuropathy. In COVID-19, burning sensations can result from nerve damage induced by the virus, complicating recovery and emphasizing the need for effective pain management strategies.

33) Anxiety:
Anxiety refers to a state of excessive worry or fear, which can arise due to the stress of illness or recovery. COVID-19 patients may experience heightened anxiety as a result of both physical symptoms and concerns about long-term health effects.

34) Surface:
Surface commonly refers to the outermost boundary of an object. In the context of COVID-19, it may relate to the virus’s interaction with host cell surfaces, as it invades through specific receptors, underscoring the significance of cellular entry mechanisms.

35) Family:
Family describes a group of related organisms or entities. In a biological context, it refers to classifications within the taxonomy of organisms, like the Coronaviridae family, which includes SARS-CoV-2 and its close relatives, guiding understanding of viral behavior.

36) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics and quality of things. The nature of SARS-CoV-2, such as its mode of transmission and the immune response it elicits, is crucial for understanding COVID-19's impact on human health and developing effective treatments.

37) Reason:
Reason signifies a cause or explanation for an event. In the context of COVID-19, establishing the reason behind various symptoms, including neurological effects, is essential for targeted therapies and improving overall patient management.

38) Field:
Field also signifies an area of academic or professional focus. In the discussion of COVID-19, various fields converge, including virology, immunology, and neurology, to investigate the multifaceted impacts of the virus on human health.

39) Horse:
Horse, in a metaphorical sense in this context, relates to the 'Trojan Horse' concept, where the virus uses immune cells as carriers to sneak into the nervous system. Understanding this mechanism is crucial in addressing potential neurological complications linked to COVID-19.

40) Fight:
Fight refers to combating an opponent, which metaphorically reflects the body’s immune response against pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. Understanding how this fight unfolds is crucial to developing effective treatments for COVID-19 and managing its complications.

41) Salt (Salty):
Salty refers to a taste sensation that can be specifically affected in COVID-19 patients. Such taste alterations can serve as indicators of viral infection, elucidating the broader scope of sensory dysfunction caused by the virus.

42) Genu:
Genu is a term used in anatomy referring to a bend or curve, often associated with specific structures in the body. While not directly related to COVID-19, understanding anatomical terms is essential for discussing neural pathways affected by the virus.

43) Hair:
Hair may refer to hair cells in the cochlea, which are directly impacted in cases of sensorineural hearing loss during COVID-19. Damage to these cells can result in auditory symptoms, highlighting the virus's broader effects on sensory systems.

44) Coma:
Coma refers to a state of prolonged unconsciousness where a person cannot be awakened. In severe cases of COVID-19, neurological complications can progress to coma, indicating a critical state necessitating immediate medical intervention.

45) Male:
Male usually refers to the sex of an organism. In the context of COVID-19, gender differences in susceptibility, symptom severity, and neurological outcomes have been observed, necessitating a tailored approach in research and treatment for affected individuals.