Review of dhaula phindawri: folklore remedy for urinary stones.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review of dhaula phindawri (nothosaerva brachiata linn. wight.) a folklore drug used in management of urinary stones
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Author:

Prakash Mahadev Sutar, Sunny C. Patil and Mrunal Rajabhau Akre


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Review of dhaula phindawri (nothosaerva brachiata linn. wight.) a folklore drug used in management of urinary stones

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20218-20860

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article presents a detailed review of Dhaula Phindawri (Nothosaerva brachiata Linn. Wight), a traditional herbal remedy used for the management of urinary stones, particularly by local Ayurvedic practitioners and tribal people in Marathwada, Maharashtra, and some areas of Rajasthan. There is a noticeable lack of classical literature references concerning this herb, making the current study crucial for understanding its properties, uses, and botanical classification. By examining existing texts and modern taxonomical approaches, the study seeks to consolidate knowledge about this minimally researched plant.

Importance of Morphological Classification

One significant aspect of the research is the classification of Dhaula Phindawri based on its external morphology and traditional Ayurvedic formulations. In ancient Ayurvedic texts, the classification of herbs generally relied on their morphological characteristics, such as their structure and growth habits. The study classifies Dhaula Phindawri into various categories, including terrestrial, annual plants and shrubs, while also identifying it within a broader context of Udbhija (plants with roots) in Vedic literature. This classification is essential as it aids in the identification and utilization of the herb in medicinal preparations.

Botanical Description and Pharmacognosy

The paper provides an extensive botanical classification of Nothosaerva brachiata within the family Amaranthaceae, emphasizing its morphological attributes. The plant is described as an annual herb, capable of growing to heights of 10-45 cm, with various spreading branches and thinly hairy leaves. It produces small flowers in densely clustered spikes. This in-depth botanical description not only sheds light on its physical characteristics but also informs potential users of its identification in natural settings. Additionally, the article mentions other medicinal plants in the same family with documented uses, illustrating the pharmacological relevance of Dhaula Phindawri.

Collection, Preparation, and Storage

The study outlines the methods of harvesting, preparing, and storing Dhaula Phindawri to ensure its medicinal properties are preserved. Proper collection techniques are critical to maintain the plant's potency, highlighting the importance of timing and ritualistic practices in traditional medicine. The author discusses avoiding contaminated or spoiled specimens and emphasizes the significance of the environment in which the plant grows. Furthermore, meticulous drying and storage conditions are necessary to prevent loss of medicinal efficacy, with the shelf-life estimated to be one to two years.

Conclusion

The findings conclude that Dhaula Phindawri (Nothosaerva brachiata) is a valuable herb recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in managing urinary stones. Its classification within the Amaranthaceae family and detailed morphological analysis contribute to a greater understanding of its potential applications in herbal medicine. The study underscores the need for further research into this traditional remedy, aiming to bridge the gap in contemporary knowledge and usage while respecting its cultural significance in Ayurvedic practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Dhaula Phindawri used for in traditional medicine?

Dhaula Phindawri, scientifically known as Nothosaerva brachiata, is primarily used for managing urinary stones (Mutrashmari) by local Vaidyas and tribal communities in Maharashtra and Rajasthan.

How is Dhaula Phindawri classified botanically?

Dhaula Phindawri belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, classified under the genus Nothosaerva, with the species name brachiata.

What are the external characteristics of Dhaula Phindawri?

It is an annual herb, typically 10-45 cm tall, with spreading branches and elliptic to ovate leaves. The flowers are small and usually form dense spikes.

What are the diuretic properties of Dhaula Phindawri?

Dhaula Phindawri exhibits diuretic properties, aiding in the treatment of urinary calculi by promoting urine flow.

How should Dhaula Phindawri be harvested for medicinal use?

Harvesting should occur after the morning dew has dried, using wild-crafting methods to ensure sustainability and reverence for the plant.

What is the shelf life of dried Dhaula Phindawri?

The shelf life of dried Dhaula Phindawri is typically one to two years when stored properly in a cool, dry place away from light.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review of dhaula phindawri: folklore remedy for urinary stones.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
In Ayurvedic literature, 'Drugs' refer to substances derived from plants, animals, or minerals that are used for therapeutic purposes. These drugs are often classified based on their properties and uses. The study highlights 'Dhaula Phindawri' as a traditional drug that plays a significant role in the management of urinary calculi.

2) Dravya:
'Dravyas' refers to substances, particularly in Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding various 'Dravyas,' including 'Dhaula Phindawri,' is critical for ensuring effective treatment protocols based on their properties and classifications.

3) Family:
'Family' is a biological classification reflecting a category of related plants grouped together based on shared characteristics. 'Nothosaerva brachiata,' the scientific name of 'Dhaula Phindawri,' belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, highlighting its botanical relations and the common properties these plants may have.

4) Marathi:
'Marathi' is an Indian language spoken predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term reflects the cultural context of the study, where local names and uses of 'Dhaula Phindawri' are documented in regional dialects, illustrating the deep-rooted traditional practices in medicinal usage.

5) Species:
'Species' is the basic unit of biological classification, identifying a group of organisms that can interbreed. 'Nothosaerva brachiata' represents the species in question, providing specificity in the examination of medicinal plants and contributing to the understanding of its uses and medicinal value.

6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is a traditional system of medicine originating from India, focusing on balance in the body's energies through diet, herbal treatment, and yogic breathing. This study is rooted in Ayurvedic practices, emphasizing how local herbal remedies are integrated within this medical framework.

7) Harvesting (Harvest):
'Harvesting' refers to the process of collecting mature plants or parts of plants for use. In herbal medicine, it is crucial to harvest at the right time to ensure optimal potency, as discussed in the context of gathering 'Dhaula Phindawri' and respecting traditional methods.

8) Samgraha (Sangraha):
'Sangraha' translates to 'collection' or 'compilation' in Sanskrit, often referring to the systematic gathering of knowledge or medicinal materials. The term emphasizes the importance of compiling traditional knowledge about herbs, such as 'Dhaula Phindawri,' for future reference and study.

9) Falling:
'Falling' in the context of the article relates to the method of fruiting or seed dispersal in plants. 'Nothosaerva brachiata' has specific features about its seeds and capsules that characterize its reproductive strategy and influence its habitat and propagation.

10) Nature:
'Nature' encompasses the natural environment where plants grow and interact. The article discusses the ecological aspects of 'Dhaula Phindawri,' illustrating how its nature influences its medicinal properties, cultivation, and role within traditional practices in combating ailments.

11) India:
'India' is a country in South Asia known for its rich diversity in flora and traditional medical practices. The study highlights how 'Dhaula Phindawri' is used in various regions of India, reflecting the significance of indigenous knowledge and resources in local healthcare.

12) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
'Maharashtra' is a state in western India where 'Dhaula Phindawri' is predominantly used. The cultural and ecological influences in Maharashtra shape the traditional medicinal practices and highlight the regional significance of such plants in local health systems.

13) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
'Dravyaguna' is an Ayurvedic branch focusing on the properties and uses of medicinal substances. It is central to identifying and utilizing 'Dhaula Phindawri,' facilitating the understanding of its therapeutic potentials and guiding its applications in clinical settings.

14) Sanskrit:
'Sanskrit' is an ancient language of India, often used in traditional texts, including Ayurvedic literature. The terminology in Sanskrit helps articulate the properties and classifications of plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri,' preserving the medicinal knowledge for generations.

15) Water:
'Water' is a crucial element for plant growth and the environment necessary for many herbal species' survival. The characteristics of 'Dhaula Phindawri,' such as its habitat in sandy depressions or water-logged areas, directly relate to its biological requirements.

16) Hindi (Himdi):
'Hindi' is a prevalent language in India that, along with Marathi and other regional dialects, reflects the cultural context in which plants are used traditionally. By understanding references in Hindi, researchers can better grasp local uses and perspectives.

17) Study (Studying):
'Study' refers to systematic investigation and analysis. This article is a comprehensive study on 'Dhaula Phindawri,' focusing on its traditional uses, classifications, properties, and significance in Ayurvedic medicine, thus contributing to its pharmacological understanding.

18) Soil:
'Soil' is the upper layer of earth where plants grow, containing organic matter, minerals, and nutrients. The health of the soil directly affects the growth of 'Dhaula Phindawri,' emphasizing the ecological aspect of its harvesting and sustainability.

19) Life:
'Life' in this context underscores the essence of living plants and their role in traditional medicine. The life cycle of 'Dhaula Phindawri' and its medicinal applications reflect the harmony between nature and human health practices.

20) Saurashtra (Saurastra):
'Saurashtra' is a region in Gujarat, India, known for its unique biodiversity, including many medicinal plants. Its mention highlights the geographical relevance of 'Dhaula Phindawri' and its environmental adaptability in Ayurvedic practices across different regions.

21) Chandrapur:
'Chandrapur' is a district in Maharashtra where various medicinal plants, including 'Dhaula Phindawri,' may be found. Its inclusion signifies the geographical distribution and importance of this plant within the local cultural and herbal practices.

22) Snake-bite:
'Snake-bite' refers to the injury caused by a snake, which is a significant medical emergency in many regions of India. Traditional remedies often include plants such as 'Dhaula Phindawri,' emphasizing the plant's broader medicinal applications.

23) Depression:
'Depression' in this context may refer to the habitats of plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri,' where they thrive in sandy depressions or low-lying areas. Such ecological settings are pertinent to understanding the dispersion and growth of medicinal herbs.

24) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' encompasses the understanding gained through study or experience. In the context of traditional medicine, preserving knowledge about herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri' is vital for ensuring its continued use and relevance in modern healthcare.

25) Vidarbha:
'Vidarbha' is a region in Maharashtra where local flora and traditional remedies are utilized. The reference to this area emphasizes the geographical significance and rich biodiversity that contribute to the understanding of 'Dhaula Phindawri' within regional practices.

26) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
'Nighantu' refers to a traditional Ayurvedic glossary that lists medicinal plants and their properties. The mention of 'Nighantu' highlights the importance of classical texts in identifying and understanding the uses of herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri.'

27) Junagadh:
'Junagadh' is a location in Gujarat associated with various medicinal plants. It highlights the geographical relevance of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in traditional medicine practices, emphasizing the regional biodiversity that supports its medicinal uses.

28) Medicine:
'Medicines' denote compounds used for treatment purposes, particularly in relieving ailments. 'Dhaula Phindawri,' as a folk remedy, showcases how local plants are leveraged within traditional frameworks to address various health concerns.

29) Samhita:
'Samhita' refers to ancient Ayurvedic texts that compile medical knowledge, herbal properties, and treatments. These texts provide foundational information on 'Dhaula Phindawri,' contributing significantly to its classification and usage in Ayurvedic practices.

30) Ashmari (Asmari):
'Ashmari' is the Sanskrit term for urinary stones or calculi, underscoring the therapeutic application of 'Dhaula Phindawri'. The plant is traditionally used for its diuretic properties in treating conditions related to urinary stones, showcasing its relevance in Ayurveda.

31) Habitat:
'Habitat' refers to the natural environment where plants grow. The identification of 'Dhaula Phindawri's' habitat provides insights into its ecological requirements and significance in traditional medicine systems based on local environmental conditions.

32) Surface:
'Surface' in this context relates to the external morphology of plants, including characteristics such as leaf texture and stem structure. Understanding these features is crucial for accurate identification and application of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in herbal medicine.

33) Bombay:
'Bombay,' now known as Mumbai, represents a geographic area where various herbs, including 'Dhaula Phindawri,' may be found. The reference signifies regional variations in medicinal plant usage and highlights urban India’s interactions with traditional practices.

34) Girnar:
'Girnar' is a mountainous region in Gujarat, recognized for its diverse flora. The mention of 'Girnar' showcases the ecological areas where 'Dhaula Phindawri' can thrive, emphasizing its biodiversity and potential medicinal applications.

35) Raigad:
'Raigad' is another district in Maharashtra known for its rich ecological heritage. Its mention supports the discussion of the geographic distribution of 'Dhaula Phindawri' and the roles these regions play in preserving traditional medicinal knowledge.

36) Nashik:
'Nashik' is a city in Maharashtra noted for its vibrant agricultural practices. The reference to Nashik in the context of 'Dhaula Phindawri' provides insight into the regional uses of this herb and its significance among local practitioners.

37) Forest:
'Forest' refers to a complex ecosystem that supports a diverse array of plant life, including medicinal herbs. The existence of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in forested areas highlights the traditional reliance on biodiversity for healthcare solutions.

38) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
'Nagpur' is a city in Maharashtra, often regarded as a center for agriculture and herbal remedies. Its relevance denotes the region's contributions to traditional medicine and the availability of plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' in local markets.

39) Rakta:
'Rakta' translates to 'blood' in Sanskrit, potentially relating to medicinal plants that are used for improving blood circulation or blood health. This reference may indicate the broader therapeutic applications of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in traditional practices.

40) Asti (Ashti):
'Ashti' refers to bone in Sanskrit, suggesting connections between certain herbs and healing properties for skeletal health. Mentioning 'Ashti' emphasizes the multi-faceted uses of plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' in Ayurvedic treatments.

41) Delhi:
'Delhi' is the capital territory of India, a region rich in both traditional medicine beliefs and modern healthcare practices. Its mention portrays the shared knowledge of herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri' across diverse geographic areas in India.

42) Thane:
'Thane' is a city in Maharashtra known for its historical and ecological significance. The reference to Thane emphasizes the geographical scope of 'Dhaula Phindawri' usage and how local environmental factors shape its cultural and medicinal relevance.

43) Dhule:
'Dhule' is a district in Maharashtra with significance in agricultural practices and herbal medicine usage. The mention of Dhule points to the regional importance of traditional knowledge, aimed at leveraging local plants in health care.

44) Murga:
'Murga' means 'chicken' in Hindi, possibly referring to local culinary practices. This reflects how plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' might be incorporated into dietary practices, showcasing the intersection between food and medicinal traditions.

45) Pune:
'Pune' is a city in Maharashtra known for its educational institutions and cultural heritage. The inclusion of Pune highlights how urban areas interact with traditional practices, influencing the use and preservation of herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri.'

46) Hand:
'Hands' symbolize the human interaction with nature, especially in traditional harvesting practices. This aspect underscores the care and dexterity required in collecting herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri' for effective medicinal use.

47) Pashanabheda (Pasanabheda):
'Pashanabheda' refers to the Ayurvedic classification of a specific herb correlated with stone dissolution. Its mention speaks to the controversies and discussions surrounding the identification of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in Ayurvedic texts.

48) Observation:
'Observation' identifies the act of examining and studying. It is critical in research to document the characteristics of 'Dhaula Phindawri' accurately, allowing practitioners to apply their findings in effective ways in herbal medicine.

49) Prakshalana (Praksalana):
'Prakshalana' pertains to a cleansing process in Ayurveda, emphasizing the preparation of herbs. This reflects the importance of proper methods in ensuring the cleanliness and efficacy of 'Dhaula Phindawri' before using it in treatments.

50) Rajasthani:
'Rajasthani' refers to the cultural context of Rajasthan, a state in India where 'Dhaula Phindawri' is used. It highlights local traditions and practices in herbal medicine, showcasing how geographic distinctions can influence medicinal applications.

51) Discussion:
'Discussion' is an analytical examination of the findings in the study. It allows for the interpretation of data collected about 'Dhaula Phindawri' and facilitates a deeper understanding of its medicinal potential in traditional contexts.

52) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' pertains to the systematic study of phenomena. The article aims at providing a scientific analysis of 'Dhaula Phindawri,' bridging traditional knowledge with modern understanding, thereby reinforcing its relevance in contemporary herbal medicine.

53) Vanaspati:
'Vanaspati' is another Sanskrit term that refers to plants or herbs in nature. It connects to the broader category of flora relevant in the study, framing 'Dhaula Phindawri' as part of the extensive ecosystem utilized in Ayurveda.

54) Nakshatra (Naksatra):
'Nakshatra' refers to lunar mansions in Vedic astrology, which influence many natural cycles, including herbal growth. The timing of harvesting 'Dhaula Phindawri' can be affected by 'Nakshatra,' underlining astrology's role in traditional practices.

55) Tanduliya (Tamduliya):
'Tanduliya' refers to a rice-like grain in Sanskrit, illustrating local agricultural practices. This can imply dietary references where plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' might be incorporated into meals for additional health benefits.

56) Rajasthan:
'Rajasthan' is a state renowned for its arid landscapes and rich cultural heritage in herbal medicine. The mention of 'Rajasthan' emphasizes the geographic diversity of 'Dhaula Phindawri' usage and its significance in local traditions.

57) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
'Shrilanka' refers to the neighboring island nation with similar biodiversity. Its mention indicates the potential shared knowledge and usage of herbs in neighboring regions, enhancing the understanding of 'Dhaula Phindawri's' significance in a broader context.

58) Apamarga:
'Apamarga' refers to 'Achyranthes aspera,' another Ayurvedic herb known for its medicinal properties. The association underlines the interrelationships among various herbs in Ayurvedic practice, leading to deeper medical insights and treatment strategies.

59) Narayana (Nara-ayana, Nara-yana):
'Narayana' is a significant deity in Hinduism, embodying preservation and maintenance. References to Narayana may highlight cultural aspects that intertwine spirituality with health practices, particularly in the use of natural remedies like 'Dhaula Phindawri.'

60) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
'Ashtanga' refers to a traditional approach to Ayurveda encompassing eight components. Its mention emphasizes a holistic perspective in understanding and applying herbal remedies like 'Dhaula Phindawri' within comprehensive treatment paradigms.

61) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
'Aushadhi' translates to 'medicinal herb' in Sanskrit, categorizing plants used in traditional healing. 'Dhaula Phindawri' fits into this classification, illustrating the ongoing relevance of native plants within health care traditions.

62) Teaching:
'Teaching' highlights the educational aspect of traditional medicine, transmitting knowledge about plant uses, such as 'Dhaula Phindawri,' from one generation to the next, vital for the preservation of herbal practices.

63) Crushing:
'Crushing' is a method used in herbal preparation, affecting the release of active compounds from plant tissues. This technique is essential for maximizing the efficacy of 'Dhaula Phindawri' in medicinal applications.

64) Plucking:
'Plucking' refers to the action of selectively harvesting plant parts for use. This process is delicate, requiring care to ensure that 'Dhaula Phindawri' is collected sustainably without damaging the plant's growth potential.

65) Scorpion:
'Scorpion' refers to a venomous creature whose sting may necessitate medical treatment. Plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' are included in traditional remedies that aim to alleviate conditions arising from such stings within their local medicinal frameworks.

66) Weapon:
'Weapon' can imply sources of harm. In traditional practices, avoiding plants damaged by harmful activities ensures that the materials used for healing retain their efficacy and are indeed beneficial.

67) Vaidya:
'Vaidya' signifies an Ayurvedic physician knowledgeable in herbal remedies. This term embodies the cultural heritage and expertise required to effectively utilize plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' for healing.

68) Avadhi:
'Avadhi' denotes the shelf life of herbal preparations. Understanding the storage and longevity of 'Dhaula Phindawri' ensures it retains its medicinal properties for effective use.

69) Gandha (Gamdha):
'Gandha' refers to fragrance or aroma, often indicative of a plant's quality and potential therapeutic benefits. The fragrant qualities of 'Dhaula Phindawri' may contribute to its attractiveness for medicinal purposes.

70) Prayer:
'Prayer' signifies spiritual practices often associated with harvesting or using medicinal plants. Incorporating prayer into the gathering process may enhance respect for nature and the effectiveness of herbs like 'Dhaula Phindawri.'

71) Bhaji:
'Bhaji' refers to traditional Indian vegetable dishes. The cultural relevance of 'Dhaula Phindawri' extends beyond medicine, incorporating it into daily cuisine, thereby highlighting its versatility and local culinary significance.

72) Karya:
'Karya' pertains to works or tasks in Sanskrit. In the context of Ayurveda, understanding the 'Karya' of plants like 'Dhaula Phindawri' helps determine their applications in traditional treatment strategies.

73) Patil:
'Patil' refers to a surname or title in India, often denoting authority or position. This contextualizes individuals involved in the research and application of Ayurvedic practices, enhancing credibility within traditional knowledge systems.

74) Table:
'Table' is used for organizing data systematically, allowing for comparative analysis. In this study, tables may summarize characteristics related to various plants, facilitating easier understanding and retrieval of information about 'Dhaula Phindawri.'

75) Oriya:
'Oriya' pertains to the language spoken in the Indian state of Odisha. This reference highlights the cultural diversity in traditional medicine usage and documentation, including variations in the names and usages of plants across regions.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 88]

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Dravyaguna, Diuretic properties, External morphology, Ayurvedic literature, Modern technologies, Mutrashmari, Herbal drug, Indigenous Drug, Plant classification.

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