Review on shramahara drugs describe in various brihatrayi and nighantus
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review on shramahara drugs describe in various brihatrayi and nighantus
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Pinal Vihol, Kamalesh Bhogayata, Dilip Jani and Suman Singh
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Full text available for: Review on shramahara drugs describe in various brihatrayi and nighantus
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20218-20821
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article provides an in-depth review of the Ayurvedic concept of "Shrama," which translates to fatigue or lethargy, and its relation to both physical and mental exhaustion. In Ayurveda, "Shrama" is not seen as a standalone disease but rather as a symptom associated with various health conditions, such as Rasadhatu-kshya, analogous to modern concepts of fatigue. This review examines classical Ayurvedic texts, specifically the Brihatrayi and various Nighantus, to identify and describe "Shramahara" drugs—those that can alleviate the symptoms and conditions associated with fatigue.
The Importance of Shrama in Ayurveda
"Shrama" is recognized as a significant indicator of health in Ayurvedic literature, reflecting the balance of both physical and mental states. Acharyas have documented numerous synonyms for Shrama, such as Klama and Glani, indicating its multifaceted nature. The association of Shrama with several diseases illustrates its role as a crucial symptom. The article highlights that modern ailments like anemia, sleep disorders, and autoimmune diseases also manifest fatigue, emphasizing the need for effective therapeutic approaches found in Ayurvedic remedies.
Shramahara Drugs and Formulations
In the review, the authors identify multiple "Shramahara Mahakashayas," which are groupings of ten key drugs noted for their effectiveness in addressing Shrama symptoms. These drugs are documented in the Charaka Samhita and other texts, indicating their nutritional properties and benefits like anxiety reduction and immune support. The article details the classifications and actions of several formulations that possess Shramahara properties, explaining how these drugs can rejuvenate both body and mind, thus enhancing vitality.
Modern Implications and Therapeutic Actions
The authors discuss the modern implications of Shrama and associated drugs, linking them to contemporary scientific understanding. The reviewed drugs are rich in essential nutrients and have documented effects against oxidative stress and neuroprotection, which play significant roles in modern manifestations of fatigue. The article highlights specific therapeutic actions, such as Abhyanga, Seka, and Anulepana, that are useful in cultivating energy and counteracting lethargy, demonstrating a convergence between Ayurvedic practices and modern health principles.
Conclusion
The comprehensive examination of Shrama in this review illustrates its deep roots in Ayurvedic methodology and its continued relevance in understanding health and wellness. By compiling references from major classical texts, the review provides valuable insights into the interplay between Shrama symptoms and a range of Ayurvedic remedies. This work not only enriches the understanding of Ayurvedic pharmacology but also opens avenues for integrating ancient wisdom with modern healthcare approaches, emphasizing the potential benefits of traditional remedies in treating fatigue and related conditions.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What does the term 'Shrama' mean in Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, 'Shrama' refers to fatigue or tiredness, encompassing both physical and mental exhaustion. It is linked to a lack of energy and is considered a symptom of various diseases.
What are 'Shramahara' drugs used for?
'Shramahara' drugs are used to alleviate symptoms of fatigue. They are cited in Ayurvedic texts for their ability to improve energy levels and combat fatigue caused by various conditions.
What evidence supports the effectiveness of Shrama drugs?
Research indicates that 'Shramahara' drugs contain nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants. They have shown promise in reducing fatigue and influencing stress and anxiety positively, supporting their use in traditional practices.
How many references about Shrama are in Ayurvedic texts?
The review compiled 56 references from key texts including the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, along with 161 references from various Nighantus, showcasing extensive documentation on Shrama.
Which Ayurvedic texts are referenced for Shrama drugs?
Relevant texts include Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridaya, and various Nighantus. These documents collectively provide insights into the classification and action of Shrama-related drugs.
What are the pharmacological actions of Shramahara drugs?
'Shramahara' drugs are known to have rejuvenating properties. They can counteract oxidative stress, enhance energy levels, and provide neuroprotective benefits, helping reduce fatigue effectively.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review on shramahara drugs describe in various brihatrayi and nighantus”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Shramahara (Sramahara, Shrama-hara):
Shramahara refers to Ayurvedic herbs and formulations that effectively alleviate 'Shrama' or fatigue. These substances are identified in classical texts for their rejuvenating and energizing properties, making them beneficial in managing conditions related to exhaustion—both physical and mental, thereby promoting overall wellness and vitality.
2) Varga:
In Ayurveda, 'Varga' means a category or group. It is commonly used to classify medicinal plants, formulations, and treatments based on their properties, actions, and therapeutic uses. Each Varga encompasses a specific set of herbal drugs or remedies known to share similar qualities or benefits.
3) Shrama (Srama):
Shrama is a Sanskrit term that translates to fatigue or exhaustion, encompassing both physical and mental aspects. In Ayurvedic texts, it signifies a lack of energy that can be symptomatic of various health conditions, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and treating the underlying causes of fatigue.
4) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to Ayurvedic lexicons or glossaries that systematically list medicinal plants along with descriptions of their uses, properties, and formulations. These texts serve as essential references for practitioners to identify and utilize various herbs effectively within the context of Ayurveda.
5) Guna:
Guna translates to properties or qualities in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, it describes the inherent qualities of substances, such as their effects on the body and mind. Understanding a drug's 'Guna' is crucial for determining its therapeutic applications and how it interacts with the body's doshas.
6) Amradivarga (Amradi-varga):
Amradivarga represents a category of medicinal herbs associated with the Amra (mango) in Ayurvedic medicine. They are valued for their health benefits, especially in treatments targeting fatigue and related conditions.
7) Amradi (Amra-adi):
Amradi refers to a particular group of medicinal plants that includes the Amra or mango. This term is used in the context of Ayurvedic medicine to denote certain properties or effects these plants possess, particularly regarding their therapeutic applications.
8) Samhita:
Samhitas are foundational Ayurvedic texts compiled with comprehensive information about medicinal plants, treatment methods, and health principles. These writings serve as essential references for practitioners in implementing Ayurvedic health care.
9) Vihara:
Vihara means activities or behavior that contribute to health and well-being. In Ayurveda, this refers to lifestyle choices, including diet, exercise, and daily routines that promote balance and harmony within the body, influencing overall health positively.
10) Drava:
Drava translates to liquid or fluid in Sanskrit. In Ayurvedic terminology, it often describes herbal preparations, decoctions, or juices that are used as remedies, underlining the importance of these forms in traditional healing practices.
11) Drug:
In Ayurvedic context, drugs are substances derived from natural sources, including plants, minerals, or animals, utilized for their therapeutic properties. Understanding different drugs serves as a foundation for creating holistic treatments tailored to individual health conditions.
12) Karviradivarga (Karviradi-varga):
Karviradi-varga is a specific category of herbs known for their medicinal properties, particularly in treating conditions related to fatigue and disorders. These classifications help practitioners in selecting appropriate plants for personalized treatments.
13) Paniyadivarga (Paniyadi-varga):
Paniyadi-varga consists of a group of Ayurvedic herbs with characteristics that target hydration and energy replenishment. This category aids practitioners in determining which substances to use for managing fatigue and promoting overall bodily function.
14) Karviradi (Karvira-adi):
Karviradi refers to specific medicinal plants within the Karviradi-varga. These plants are recognized for certain therapeutic properties, particularly related to energy enhancement and possibly treatment of fatigue or related conditions.
15) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana means signs or symptoms in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, it refers to the specific indicators of a disease or a condition. Identifying Lakshana is pivotal for diagnosis and determining the appropriate treatment strategies.
16) Paniyadi (Paniya-adi):
Paniyadi refers to a classification of Ayurvedic substances that emphasize hydrating properties. This category aims at replenishing bodily fluids, especially beneficial in conditions associated with dehydration and fatigue.
17) Disease:
In Ayurveda, diseases signify any disruption in the body's natural balance. Understanding various diseases requires knowledge of their symptoms, causes, and appropriate treatment methods for holistic health restoration.
18) Dugdha:
Dugdha means milk in Sanskrit, which holds significant importance in Ayurveda as a nourishing substance. It is praised for its health benefits and is often included in formulations to support vitality, digestion, and overall well-being.
19) Jala:
Jala translates to water, a vital element in Ayurveda, associated with hydration and life. It is critical in various Ayurvedic formulations and treatments, ensuring the body’s fluid balance and supporting detoxification processes.
20) Mulakadivarga (Mulakadi-varga):
Mulakadi-varga is a category of herbs in Ayurvedic texts identified for their therapeutic values. This classification guides practitioners in selecting herbs known for specific health benefits and contributions to nurturing treatments.
21) Mulakadi (Mulaka-adi):
Mulakadi refers to specific medicinal plants included in the Mulakadi-varga. Recognized for their beneficial effects, these plants play a role in various Ayurvedic formulations aimed at enhancing health.
22) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
Aushadhi means medicinal herbs used in Ayurvedic practices for healing purposes. This term encompasses a broad range of plant-derived remedies that possess therapeutic properties, vital for the formulation of treatments in Ayurveda.
23) Mishrakadivarga (Misrakadivarga, Mishrakadi-varga):
Mishrakadi-varga is a categorized group of medicinal plants recognized for their properties that create synergistic effects. These plants are selected based on their combined benefits in treating various ailments and enhancing health.
24) Mishrakadi (Mishraka-adi, Misrakadi):
Mishrakadi refers to specific herbs recognized within the Mishrakadi-varga. These plants' collective properties provide unique therapeutic advantages, especially in formulations targeted at specific health conditions.
25) Anupana:
Anupana refers to the vehicle or medium through which medicinal substances are administered. The choice of Anupana is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness and absorption of treatments in Ayurveda.
26) Karma (Karman):
Karmas denote actions or therapeutic measures in Ayurveda, underlying the importance of choices in maintaining health and well-being.
27) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa means meat or flesh in Sanskrit and is often discussed in Ayurveda regarding its nutritional properties and impact on health. Its use may vary based on individual health conditions and dietary requirements.
28) Mahakashaya (Mahakasaya, Maha-kashaya):
Mahakashaya refers to a significant classification of herbal formulations identified in Ayurvedic texts that possess profound therapeutic effects. These formulations are integral to treatments addressing various ailments, especially related to fatigue.
29) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna, the science of drug properties in Ayurveda, explores the attributes and therapeutic potentials of substances. Understanding Dravyaguna aids practitioners in selecting the right herbs for targeted healing.
30) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya means heart in Sanskrit and symbolizes the core of emotional and physical well-being. In Ayurveda, substances categorized as Hridaya promote heart health and emotional balance, considered important for holistic healing.
31) Vyayama:
Vyayama translates to exercise or physical activity, essential for maintaining health in Ayurveda. Regular Vyayama helps in balancing the doshas, promoting strength, stamina, and overall vitality.
32) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the cause or origin of a disease in Ayurveda. Identifying Nidana is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning, focusing on eliminating the root causes for improved health.
33) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine rich in historical practices and indigenous knowledge. It emphasizes holistic health, integrating spiritual, physical, and emotional well-being.
34) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa means taste or essence in Sanskrit, representing the fundamental qualities of herbal substances in Ayurveda. Each Rasa bears implications on health, influencing digestion, metabolism, and disease management.
35) Prabhadradivarga (Prabhadradi-varga):
Prabhadradi-varga is a collection of herbs known for their benefits in Ayurvedic treatments. These classifications guide practitioners to utilize specific properties of plants for targeted health improvements.
36) Kshiradivarga (Ksiradivarga, Kshiradi-varga):
Kshiradi-varga consists of a category of substances that involve milk or dairy in formulations. The inclusion of these properties enhances nutritional value and therapeutic effects.
37) Prabhadradi (Prabhadra-adi):
Prabhadradi refers to specific plants classified within the Prabhadradi-varga, recognized for their therapeutic properties that contribute to various health treatments.
38) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purvarupa refers to the premonitory signs or symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Understanding Purvarupa is vital in Ayurveda for early diagnosis and intervention in treatment.
39) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, which emphasizes balance among the body, mind, and spirit. It incorporates various healing practices, herbal treatments, and lifestyle recommendations for holistic health.
40) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga refers to a traditional Ayurvedic massage technique using warm oil. This practice enhances circulation, alleviates stress, and supports relaxation, contributing significantly to overall health and wellness.
41) Prakirna:
Prakirna signifies mixtures or composite formulations in Ayurveda, often made from various herbs that serve specific health beneficial functions, tailored for individual needs.
42) Kshiradi (Ksiradi, Kshira-adi):
Kshiradi relates to substances that involve milk in their formulations, offering nutritional and therapeutic benefits. It emphasizes nurturing the body through well-known benefits associated with dairy products.
43) Madhura:
Madhura means sweet in Sanskrit and ties into the Ayurvedic understanding of tastes. Sweet substances are typically nourishing, soothing, and energizing, playing a vital role in dietary adaptations.
44) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha refers to skin diseases in Ayurveda, indicating the need for specific treatments addressing imbalances affecting skin health.
45) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu means anemia or conditions characterized by pallor in Ayurveda. It is crucial to identify and correct this condition through dietary interventions and herbal treatments to restore health.
46) Snana:
Snana refers to bathing in Ayurveda, considered an essential daily practice for hygiene and rejuvenation. It promotes physical health and mental clarity, positively affecting overall well-being.
47) Shalyadivarga (Salyadivarga, Shalyadi-varga):
Shalyadi-varga is a category of herbs known for their effectiveness in the treatment of surgical conditions and wounds in Ayurveda, aiding in recovery and healing.
48) Dandadharana (Danda-dharana, Damdadharana):
Dandadharana refers to actions or processes that support the health of the body. Its role in maintaining physical stability and strength is viewed as key in proficient Ayurvedic practices.
49) Dugdhavarga (Dugdha-varga):
Dugdha-varga is a classification of substances that involves milk and dairy-derived components known for their health benefits, particularly in enhancing vitality and nourishment.
50) Phalavarga (Phala-varga):
Phala-varga refers to a group of fruits in Ayurveda recognized for their nutritional and health-promoting properties. Fruits within this category are crucial for maintaining health through their many benefits.
51) Samvahana:
Samvahana refers to a type of treatment method in Ayurveda that often involves soothing practices aimed at relaxation and enhancement of blood circulation, promoting healing and wellness.
52) Shalyadi (Salyadi, Shali-adi):
Shalyadi refers to classifications of herbal medicines effective in treating wounds and facilitating recovery after surgical procedures. Their role in promoting healing is emphasized in this context.
53) Dravya:
Dravyas refers to substances with therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda. They include various herbal, mineral, and animal origin products, each possessing unique properties and roles in healing and health maintenance.
54) Panaka:
Panaka refers to a traditional herbal drink made from aqueous extracts of plants, often utilized in Ayurvedic practices for their hydrating and restorative properties, especially beneficial for fatigue.
55) Badara:
Badara refers to specific berry or fruit plants acknowledged in Ayurvedic texts for their health benefits. They serve as important ingredients in formulations targeting various health conditions.
56) Phala:
Phala means fruit in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, fruits are valued for their nutritional significance and health benefits, often used in treatments aiming to enhance vitality and improve health.
57) Glani:
Glani refers to a state of tiredness or fatigue, particularly of the mind. In Ayurveda, recognizing Glani is crucial for implementing appropriate dietary, lifestyle, and herbal treatments to restore vitality.
58) Table:
Table refers to a systematic arrangement of information, often used in research and academic contexts to summarize data effectively. In Ayurvedic literature, tables help illustrate the classification of herbs, their properties, and relevant data.
59) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, embodying the elements of air and space. It is associated with movement, communication, and various bodily functions, crucial for maintaining balance in the body.
60) Bhavaprakashanighantu (Bhavaprakasanighantu, Bhavaprakasha-nighantu):
Bhavaprakasha-nighantu is an Ayurvedic text and lexicon that categorizes medicinal plants along with their properties and uses. It serves as a vital reference for practitioners in diagnosis and treatment planning.
61) Madanapalanighantu (Madanapala-nighantu):
Madanapala-nighantu is another important Ayurvedic reference that organizes and details the properties and uses of various herbs, guiding practitioners in their therapeutic applications.
62) Pippalyadivarga (Pippalyadi-varga):
Pippalyadi-varga consists of a group of herbs in Ayurveda that are recognized for their beneficial roles in treating respiratory and digestive issues, often included in formulations targeting these conditions.
63) Rajavallabha (Rajan-vallabha):
Rajavallabha refers to specific Ayurvedic treatments or formulations linked to rejuvenation. It emphasizes nurturing vital energy and restoring balance within the body through targeted therapies.
64) Rajanighantu (Raja-nighantu, Rajan-nighantu):
Rajanighantu is an Ayurvedic compendium that provides information about numerous medicinal plants and their therapeutic applications. It helps practitioners navigate the vast array of available herbal treatments.
65) Mamsavarga (Mamsa-varga):
Mamsa-varga refers to a classification of substances related to meat in Ayurvedic texts. It addresses considerations about nutrition, digestion, and health implications associated with the inclusion of animal products.
66) Ragashadava (Ragasadava, Raga-shadava):
Raga-shadava denotes a category of beneficial Ayurvedic herbs aimed at enhancing body energy and robustness, often utilized for their invigorating properties in formulations.
67) Amlavetasa (Amla-vetasa):
Amlavetasa involves specific herbs known for sourness, recognized in Ayurvedic literature for their potential therapeutic benefits in treating fatigue and enhancing vitality.
68) Pippalyadi (Pippali-adi):
Pippalyadi denotes specific plants classified within the Pippalyadi-varga. These plants are often used for their health benefits in managing respiratory conditions and improving digestion.
69) Dhanyamla (Dhanya-amla):
Dhanyamla refers to fermented cereals in Ayurveda, known for their digestive benefits. They are revered for their ability to promote gut health while also providing energy.
70) Anulepana:
Anulepana refers to a paste applied to the body as part of therapeutic practices. This approach aids in skin health and can provide medicinal benefits based on the constituents used.
71) Amlarasa (Amla-rasa):
Amla-rasa means sour taste in Sanskrit, significant in Ayurveda for its stimulating effects on digestion and metabolism. It plays a crucial role in dietary considerations and herbal formulations.
72) Annavarga (Anna-varga):
Annavarga is a category of foods recognized within Ayurveda, encompassing the study and classification of various food items concerning their health benefits and applications in treatments.
73) Navanita (Nava-nita):
Navanita refers to clarified butter or ghee, valued in Ayurveda for its nutritional richness. It plays a role in dietary therapies, enhancing overall health and vitality.
74) Kharjura:
Kharjura denotes dates or certain palm fruits in Ayurveda celebrated for their sweetness and nourishing properties. These fruits are often recommended for their health-promoting effects.
75) Langhana (Lamghana):
Langhana refers to methods or practices aimed at reducing heaviness and promoting digestion. It is a crucial therapeutic technique in Ayurveda used for managing conditions associated with excess weight.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 238]
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