Effect of Andrographis and Ginger on serum lipid in Wistar rats.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of the effect of administration of ethanol extracts of andrographis paniculata leave and zingiber officinale rhizoids on serum lipid profile in normal wistar rats.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.

Author:

Essien N. E., Nyah N. U., Bobson P. M. and Tom E. J.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Evaluation of the effect of administration of ethanol extracts of andrographis paniculata leave and zingiber officinale rhizoids on serum lipid profile in normal wistar rats.

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20218-20872


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts from Andrographis paniculata leaves and Zingiber officinale rhizoids on serum lipid profiles in normal Wistar rats. With the widespread use of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare, particularly in developing countries, the research highlights the significance of these plants in the treatment of various diseases. The study involved administering different dosages of the combined extracts to various groups of rats over a three-week period and assessing changes in several serum lipid indicators, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins.

Significance of Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plants have long been an essential component of healthcare systems globally, offering affordable and accessible solutions for various health issues, particularly in developing regions. Estimates indicate that a substantial percentage of populations rely on medicinal plants for primary treatment options. The therapeutic value of these plants is attributed to specific chemical compounds that exert physiological effects, including antioxidant properties that contribute to cardiovascular health. This research focuses particularly on Andrographis paniculata, known for its extensive medicinal properties, and Zingiber officinale, recognized for its therapeutic applications in traditional medicine.

Effects on Lipid Profiles

The study found that the administration of combined extracts did not significantly alter levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the experimental groups compared to the control. However, there was a notable increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the group treated with the highest dosage of extracts. HDL is crucial for cardiovascular health as it helps transport cholesterol to the liver for metabolism and reduces the risk of plaque formation in arteries. This implies that while the extracts may not drastically change all lipid profile parameters, they may positively influence HDL levels, which could confer protective benefits against heart diseases.

Phytochemical Analysis and Mechanism

The research discusses the presence of specific phytochemicals in the extracts, such as saponins and flavonoids, which could have contributed to cardiovascular benefits observed in the study. Saponins, known for their hypolipidemic effects, may promote the excretion of cholesterol by forming complexes with bile acids, thereby decreasing cholesterol absorption. Additionally, vitamin C found in the extracts could enhance the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, supporting lower serum cholesterol levels. These mechanisms underline the potential of these plants in managing lipid levels and preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study suggests that the combined ethanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale could positively influence lipid metabolism in experimental animals. Although significant changes were not observed in all lipid parameters, the increase in HDL and the potential hepatoprotective effects highlight the therapeutic promise of these plants. Given their historical and cultural significance as medicinal resources, further studies could establish their efficacy in clinical settings and their utility in preventing and managing cardiometabolic disorders.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are the effects of Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale extracts?

The ethanol extracts of these plants did not significantly alter serum lipid profiles, indicating that their lipid metabolizing mechanisms were not affected in Wistar rats.

How were the Wistar rats treated in the study?

Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups, with varying doses of combined extracts administered daily for three weeks, while all groups were fed commercial rat mash and distilled water.

What parameters were measured in the lipid profile study?

The study measured Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerol (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in the serum of treated rats.

Did the extracts significantly affect HDL levels in the rats?

There was a significant increase in HDL levels in the group treated with 200mg/kg of extracts compared to the control group, but it remained below the normal physiological range.

What potential benefits do Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale offer?

These plants may help manage cardiovascular health, thanks to their active phytochemical components, which can positively influence lipid profiles and potentially reduce the risk of heart disease.

What conclusion can be drawn from the study's findings?

The combined extracts exerted a hepatoprotective effect and could help in treating hepatic disorders, although significant changes to serum lipid profiles were not observed.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effect of Andrographis and Ginger on serum lipid in Wistar rats.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
Diseases are pathological conditions distinguished by specific symptoms and signs that disrupt normal bodily functions. The study emphasizes the role of medicinal plants in managing diseases, particularly those affecting heart health, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential embedded within traditional treatments for various health disorders.

2) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is a flowering plant whose rhizome is widely used in herbal medicine. It is known for its various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it relevant in this study for evaluating its effects on serum lipid profiles in animals.

3) Animal:
Animals are multicellular organisms that belong to the kingdom Animalia, encompassing a vast range of species. This document highlights the use of multiple animals (specifically albino Wistar rats) in experimental trials to determine the efficacy of plant extracts on health parameters, illustrating biological responses to treatment.

4) Water:
Water is a vital liquid essential for all known forms of life. In this study, distilled water is provided to the control and treatment groups of rats, ensuring hydration while helping to evaluate the specific effects of the ethanol extracts without interference from other dietary variables.

5) Blood:
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that provides essential nutrients, gases, and waste removal in organisms. The study involves the collection of blood samples from the rats to analyze the effects of the plant extracts on serum lipid profiles, underlining the importance of blood chemistry in health assessments.

6) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. In this research, phytochemicals from the extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale are central to understanding their health benefits, particularly their role in modulating serum lipid levels in the experimental subjects.

7) Calculation:
Calculation refers to the mathematical resolution of a problem. In this context, it's used to determine the concentration of lipid profiles within the laboratory analysis of blood samples, ensuring accurate data interpretation to assess the efficacy of the plant extracts administered to the animals involved in the study.

8) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. This study is rooted in scientific principles that guide the experimental processes for assessing the lipid-modulating effects of herbs, contributing to both pharmaceutical and nutritional science.

9) Study (Studying):
A study is a detailed examination and analysis of a subject. In this context, it refers to the comprehensive investigation into the effects of medicinal plant extracts on serum lipid profiles in Wistar rats, providing insights that can influence future research and potential applications in therapy.

10) Bile:
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that aids in the emulsification and absorption of fats. In the discussion of lipid metabolism, bile plays a role in understanding how medicinal extracts may influence cholesterol levels and overall metabolic processes, relevant to cardiovascular disease management.

11) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. The study assesses the effectiveness of herbal medicine derived from two plant extracts on serum lipid profiles, bridging traditional medicinal approaches with modern scientific evaluations of health.

12) Mash (Mas):
Mash refers to the ground mixture of grains or other food materials, often used as animal feed. In this research, commercial rat mash serves as the dietary component for the subjects to ensure that any observed effects on health parameters are due to the administered extracts rather than diet.

13) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of plant pigments and natural compounds with antioxidant properties. Their presence in the studied plant extracts is linked to potential health benefits, particularly their role in modulating lipid profiles, which is a primary focus of this research.

14) India:
India is known for its rich tradition of using medicinal plants for health and healing. The study references Andrographis paniculata, a plant native to India, emphasizing the global interest in herbal remedies and their health implications through scientific investigation.

15) Fever:
Fever is a physiological response indicating the body's reaction to infection or illness. The study relates to medicinal plants traditionally used to manage fever, exploring their potential broader impact on health, including their effects on lipid metabolism in animals.

16) House:
In the context of this study, 'house' refers to the environment where animals are kept for the experiment. Proper housing conditions are essential for acclimatization and health of the albino Wistar rats, influencing the reliability of the experimental outcomes.

17) Wall:
In research, the word 'wall' refers to the barriers around animal housing that provide physical protection and containment. Properly constructed walls help ensure that experimental animals remain safe and secure, which is crucial for maintaining experimental integrity.

18) Cage:
A cage is a singular enclosure where a single or group of animals are housed. In this experiment, cages are essential for maintaining a controlled habitat for the Wistar rats, impacting their environment and stress levels during the research.

19) Line:
Line can refer to a sequence or a method of classification. In medicine, a 'line of treatment' means a specific strategy employed to address health issues. This study may explore traditional herbal treatments as part of a new line in managing cardiovascular diseases.

20) Drug:
Drugs are substances used for medical purposes to diagnose or treat illnesses. This research focuses on herbal drugs derived from plants, contrasting their effects on lipid profiles against conventional pharmaceuticals to identify potential alternative treatments for cardiovascular health.

21) Human life:
Human life encompasses the biological and social structures defining human existence. The study underscores the importance of medicinal plants in improving human life quality by addressing health issues like cardiovascular diseases through natural remedies derived from plant materials.

22) Human body:
The human body is a complex system of organs, tissues, and cells that perform vital biological functions. In the context of this study, understanding how plant extracts influence biochemical processes in the human body, particularly lipid metabolism, highlights their potential therapeutic roles.

23) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
Sri Lanka is known for its biodiversity and traditional medicine practices, particularly in herbal remedies similar to those mentioned in the study. Recognizing the global context of Andrographis paniculata, native to this region, emphasizes the significance of bioprospecting for health applications.

24) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to a substance that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth. The extracts of the studied plants are known for their antibacterial properties, broadening the potential benefits beyond cardiovascular effects to include overall health in preventing infections.

25) Civilization:
Civilization denotes the complex society that fosters cultural, social, and technological development. The document alludes to the historical significance of medicinal plants in various civilizations, emphasizing their roles in traditional medicine and their continuous relevance in modern healthcare.

26) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, critical in the healing process but harmful if chronic. Identifying the anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts is pertinent in the study, as it aligns with the prevention of diseases including cardiovascular conditions.

27) Discussion:
Discussion in research presents the analysis and interpretation of results. In this study, the discussion section evaluates the findings on lipid profiles, contextualizing results within broader medical implications while correlating with existing literature to outline the study's significance.

28) Developing:
Developing refers to countries with less advanced economies, often reliant on traditional medicine. The study highlights the role of herbal remedies in developing nations, shedding light on their potential for addressing health issues in an accessible and culturally acceptable manner.

29) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite refers to the injury caused by a snake's fangs injecting venom into a human or animal. The document mentions traditional uses of Andrographis paniculata for treating snake bites, illustrating its cultural significance and potential in emergency medicine.

30) Substance:
A substance is a specific form of matter with a defined composition. In the study, the focus is on extracting active compounds from plants, which are considered substances with potential health benefits, specifically concerning their influence on serum lipid levels.

31) Suffering:
Suffering refers to the experience of physical or emotional pain. This research indirectly addresses suffering caused by diseases by exploring the therapeutic effects of herbal remedies aimed at reducing health complications and enhancing overall well-being.

32) Container:
A container is an object that holds or contains something. In the context of the study, containers are used for storing herbal extracts and biological samples, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and stability of substances throughout the research process.

33) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological functions or processes characterized by the interaction between various systems in an organism. The study examines the biochemical activities influenced by the extracts of medicinal plants on lipid profiles, assessing their potential effects on health.

34) Murugan (Murukan):
Murugan is a surname or a name potentially referring to a researcher or contributor to the body of knowledge regarding medicinal plants. This research may cite prior work by scholars like Murugan to establish credibility in discussing the efficacy of specific herbal treatments.

35) Sheetal:
Sheetal could refer to another researcher whose findings or contributions enrich the study's theoretical framework. The mention of specific studies by individuals like Sheetal aids in providing a comprehensive view of existing literature supporting the investigation into plant-based treatments for health.

36) Meeting:
Meeting in a scientific context often refers to gatherings to discuss research findings or developments. For this study, the idea of meeting addresses how traditional and modern medicine converge in the research on herbal extracts and their therapeutic implications.

37) Species:
Species represents a group of organisms sharing common characteristics. The species discussed in the study, namely Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale, are analyzed for their health benefits, showcasing the importance of biodiversity in sourcing medicinal resources.

38) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices promoting health and preventing disease. The study stresses the importance of maintaining good hygiene in the housing of laboratory animals to ensure reliable results in experiments and protect the welfare of the Wistar rats.

39) Harvesting (Harvest):
Harvest refers to the process of gathering mature crops or plants. In this research, the timing and method of harvesting medicinal plants are critical as they affect the concentration of bioactive compounds, influencing the efficacy of the extracts studied.

40) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of something. In the context of human health, the surface of the skin interacts with external elements, and topics like the absorption of topical medicines could relate to the overall study of plant-derived therapies.

41) Family:
In biological classification, family is a rank used to group related plants or animals. In the context of herbal medicine, recognizing the family of Zingiber officinale helps understand its characteristics and the properties shared with other species within the same family.

42) Reason:
Reason refers to a logical explanation for a phenomenon. In the study, the reason for using specific plant extracts is grounded in their historical efficacy in treating diseases related to lipid metabolism, pushing research toward exploring traditional remedies scientifically.

43) Powder:
Powder refers to a form of matter characterized by fine, dry particles. In this study, the plants are processed into powder before extraction, which is essential for maximizing surface area and enhancing the efficiency of extracting bioactive components.

44) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, their physiology, and ecology. This research is rooted in botanical principles, emphasizing the significance of understanding plant biology to harness medicinal properties for therapeutic applications in health.

45) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka, especially in the context of this study, refers to the native regions of the plants being discussed. It indicates a geographical focus on Sri Lanka and India, known for their rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices involving the plants studied.

46) Trade:
Trade indicates the exchange of goods and services, particularly in the context of herbal medicine. The study touches on the commercial aspect of herbal extracts, highlighting the importance of traditional medicine in global health markets and its impact on economies.

47) Table:
Table in research refers to a structured presentation of data, summarizing findings for clarity and ease of comparison. The study utilizes tables to showcase serum lipid profiles, enabling readers to easily interpret the effects of the analyzed treatments.

48) Death:
Death is the cessation of life and biological functions. While not the primary focus of the study, understanding the role of cardiovascular diseases in mortality highlights the importance of exploring effective treatments through plant-based therapies to improve health outcomes.

49) Pose:
Pose in the context of health refers to the risks introduced by certain factors. The study investigates how the lipid profiles in rats could be modified by plant extracts, potentially posing less risk for cardiovascular disorders compared to untreated conditions.

50) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to an abundant supply of valuable resources. In the context of the medicinal plants studied, it highlights the extensive array of phytochemicals present in Andrographis paniculata and Zingiber officinale, which hold significant therapeutic potential within traditional medicine.

51) Hand:
Hand usually denotes the body part used for manipulation and interaction. In a metaphorical sense, it may signify the human effort in the cultivation and application of herbal remedies, linking traditional practices to modern healthcare initiatives.

52) Viru:
Viru is a less common term that may refer to a specific researcher or contextual entity within the study of medicinal plants. Understanding contributions from individuals or entities like Viru may lend credibility or support to findings regarding herbal treatments.

53) Male:
Male refers to the sex of an organism capable of producing sperm. In the study, referencing male albino Wistar rats emphasizes the controlled conditions under which experiments were conducted, focused on a specific demographic to maintain consistent biological variables.

54) Life:
Life encompasses all living organisms and their experiences. The study aims to enhance life quality through the exploration of traditional medicinal plants, advocating for their integration into modern health practices and emphasizing their potential in preventing diseases.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Effect of Andrographis and Ginger on serum lipid in Wistar rats.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Zingiber officinale, Andrographis paniculata, Phytochemical, Statistical analysis, Experimental design, Serum lipid profile, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Cardiovascular disease, Hepatoprotective effect, Maceration process, Ethanol extract, Co-administration, Blood sample collection, Albino Wistar rats, Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL).

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