Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Mucoadhesive drug delivery system
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review
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Vikas Pal, Ashutosh Badola and Meenu
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Mucoadhesive drug delivery system
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202111-21611
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have emerged as a vital area of research in pharmaceutical sciences, particularly for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs administered orally. These systems leverage the natural properties of mucus membranes to prolong the residence time of drug formulations at their site of action, thus improving absorption through sustained contact with the intestinal lining. This review examines various aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, exploring their mechanisms, factors influencing mucoadhesion, and the types of polymeric materials used in their development.
Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion
One of the critical aspects of mucoadhesive systems is the mechanisms of mucoadhesion, which can be divided into two primary stages: contact and consolidation. During the contact stage, a mucoadhesive formulation spreads over the mucosa and establishes a strong interaction with the mucus layer. The consolidation stage then activates the bioadhesive properties of the formulation, enabling the formation of intermolecular forces between the mucoadhesive and the mucus. Factors such as moisture exposure and the interactions between polymer chains play a crucial role in this process, influencing the effectiveness and stability of drug delivery systems.
Factors Affecting Mucoadhesion
Several factors impact the mucoadhesive properties of drug delivery formulations. These factors can be categorized into those related to the polymers used, environmental variables, and physiological conditions. For instance, the molecular weight of polymers, their concentration, and their flexibility significantly affect mucoadhesive strength. Environmental factors such as pH and applied force also play a critical role in enhancing adhesion. Additionally, physiological conditions, including mucin turnover and the state of illness, can limit the retention time of mucoadhesive systems on mucosal surfaces, affecting drug efficacy.
Polymeric Materials in Mucoadhesive Systems
The choice of polymeric materials is fundamental in designing effective mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Ideal mucoadhesive polymers should possess specific characteristics, such as high molecular weight, optimal particle size, and substantial flexibility to facilitate adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Both synthetic and natural polymers, such as chitosan, pectin, and gelatin, are commonly employed due to their favorable mucoadhesive properties. The polymer's solubility, hydration, and toxicity are other considerations that dictate the overall effectiveness and safety of mucoadhesive formulations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mucoadhesive drug delivery systems represent a promising avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes in oral drug administration. By understanding the mechanisms of mucoadhesion and the factors that influence it, researchers can develop optimized formulations that enhance drug retention and absorption. The insights gained from the study of mucoadhesive polymers and their properties pave the way for the creation of innovative drug delivery methods, ultimately contributing to more effective treatment options in the pharmaceutical industry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is a mucoadhesive drug delivery system?
A mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a formulation designed to adhere to mucosal surfaces, enhancing drug absorption by prolonging the dosage form's residence time at the site of absorption. This improves therapeutic effectiveness and patient compliance.
How does mucoadhesion improve drug administration?
Mucoadhesion improves drug administration by ensuring that the drug remains in contact with the absorbent mucosal surface for an extended period, thus enhancing absorption and maintaining a therapeutic concentration in the bloodstream.
What are the mechanisms of mucoadhesion?
Mucoadhesion involves two stages: contact and consolidation. The contact stage involves spreading and adhesion to the mucosa, while consolidation involves the formation of intermolecular forces between the mucoadhesive and the mucosal surface, aided by moisture.
What factors affect mucoadhesion strength?
Factors affecting mucoadhesion strength include polymer molecular mass, concentration, flexibility, environmental pH, contact time, and the presence of specific mucins in the gastrointestinal tract, all contributing to the effectiveness of mucoadhesive formulations.
What types of mucoadhesive polymers are used?
Common mucoadhesive polymers include natural polymers like chitosan, gelatin, and alginate, as well as synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and methylcellulose, each chosen for their ability to enhance adhesive properties.
What are the applications of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems?
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have applications in localized therapies like oral diseases, as well as systemic delivery methods that ensure prolonged action and controlled release of therapeutic agents within the gastrointestinal tract.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mucoadhesive drug delivery system”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drugs are substances that cause physiological changes when introduced into the body. They can treat, prevent, or diagnose medical conditions. In mucoadhesive systems, drugs' properties can be enhanced through formulations that promote adhesion to mucosal surfaces, thereby improving bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.
2) Surface:
Surfaces are the outermost boundaries of materials or biological tissues. In mucoadhesion, the characteristics of mucosal surfaces, including their texture and biochemical properties, significantly influence the adhesion of drug delivery systems, impacting therapeutic effectiveness and duration of action.
3) Swelling:
Swelling refers to the increase in size or volume of a material when it absorbs a solvent, such as water. In mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, swelling plays a crucial role in enhancing drug release rates and improving contact with mucosal surfaces, leading to better drug absorption.
4) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for medical treatment, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs. The effectiveness of medicines can be enhanced through mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, which allow for prolonged contact with mucosal surfaces, promoting better absorption and therapeutic actions.
5) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation refers to a process of change in form, structure, or appearance. In the context of drug delivery, it relates to how drugs can change upon release from a mucoadhesive system, affecting their absorption and therapeutic efficacy within the body, highlighting the importance of formulation design.
6) Similarity:
Similarity indicates a state of being alike or having common characteristics. In the context of mucoadhesive systems, it may refer to the matching of drug properties with specific mucosal surfaces, ensuring effective adhesion and enhancing bioavailability based on the chemical and physical attributes of both components.
7) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. The relevance of science in drug delivery lies in its role in understanding drug interactions, mechanisms of mucoadhesion, and formulating effective delivery systems.
8) Disease:
A disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, often with specific symptoms. Understanding different diseases is essential for designing mucoadhesive drug delivery systems that can effectively treat various conditions by improving drug bioavailability and targeting.
9) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen, which is used widely in pharmaceutical formulations. Its properties make it an effective agent in mucoadhesive systems, improving drug adherence to mucosal surfaces and controlling release rates, thus enhancing drug delivery efficiency.
10) Patel:
Patel refers to a common surname in India; in this context, it may represent one of the authors, contributing to the study of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Individual contributions are essential for collaborative research in pharmaceutical sciences and innovation in drug delivery.
11) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in biological systems and plays an essential role in drug formulation. In mucoadhesive systems, the presence of water can influence the swelling and release characteristics of the polymers used, thereby impacting drug absorption and therapeutic effect.
12) Wall:
A wall refers to a structural boundary in biological systems. In drug delivery, walls can refer to the cell or mucosal barriers that drug molecules must cross to achieve therapeutic effects, making their understanding critical for effective design of delivery systems.
13) Nakar:
Nagar refers to a locality or urban area often found in Indian cities; it might indicate the affiliation of some authors in relation to their universities or research institutions. Such relevance underscores the importance of regional contributions to global pharmaceutical science advancements.
14) Guru:
Guru translates to 'teacher' or 'mentor' in Sanskrit. In the context of the study, it may represent academic leadership in pharmaceutical sciences, highlighting the importance of education, guidance, and mentorship in advancing research and drug development initiatives.
15) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of joints. Understanding this condition is crucial for designing mucoadhesive drug delivery systems that enable targeted and sustained release of anti-inflammatory drugs, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
16) Human body:
The human body is a complex biological organism composed of various systems and organs. Knowledge of the human body is essential in pharmaceutical sciences, especially in understanding how drug delivery systems interact with biological tissues and achieve therapeutic effects.
17) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the act of conveying something, such as diseases or physiological signals. In the context of mucoadhesive drug delivery, it can relate to the dissemination of drug effects within the body and how effectively a formulation interacts with biological systems to deliver therapeutic agents.
18) Substance:
A substance is a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In drug formulation, the characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient as a substance can significantly impact the design and performance of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
19) Composite:
Composite refers to a material made from two or more constituent materials. In the context of mucoadhesive systems, composite polymers can be engineered to combine desirable properties, enhancing adhesion and drug release kinetics for improved therapeutic efficacy.
20) Affection:
Affection indicates a feeling of liking or attachment. In a pharmaceutical context, it may refer to the affinity that mucoadhesive polymers have for mucosal surfaces, influencing their effectiveness in drug delivery through enhanced adhesion and prolonged retention time.
21) Weeping:
Weeping refers to the process of releasing moisture or fluid. In drug delivery, it can refer to the action of drugs or formulations that release substances when in contact with mucus or other body fluids, impacting their distribution and effectiveness post-application.
22) Powder:
Powder refers to a dry, bulk solid composed of fine particles. In pharmacology, powders can serve as a dosage form for drugs, and if designed for mucoadhesion, their particle size and distribution affect adherence to mucosal surfaces, influencing therapeutic action.
23) Study (Studying):
A study is a detailed examination or analysis of a subject. In pharmacological research, studies play a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems and their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes for various medical conditions.
24) Pain:
Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with tissue damage or potential injury. In the context of drug delivery systems, understanding pain mechanisms enables the development of targeted therapies that alleviate discomfort and improve quality of life for patients suffering from painful conditions.
25) Hand:
The hand often signifies dexterity and manipulation. In a pharmaceutical context, it may represent the manual techniques involved in preparing and administering mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, highlighting the human element in ensuring correct dosage and application.
26) Salt (Salty):
Salt refers to a compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. In drug formulations, salts can enhance solubility and stability, impacting bioavailability. Knowledge of how salts function is crucial in designing mucoadhesive systems that optimize drug release and absorption.
27) Viru:
Viru could refer to a shortened term for virus. In discussing mucoadhesive drug delivery, viral conditions underscore the necessity for effective therapies that can adhere to mucosal surfaces and deliver antiviral drugs efficiently, highlighting the importance of this research area.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Mucoadhesive drug delivery system’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Git, Oral administration, Dosage form, Nasal cavity, Mucosal barrier, Mucoadhesive polymer.