Analytical methods for metformin and pioglitazone in dosage forms.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: An overview of analyticalmethods for determining metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochlride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Pragati Sorate, Ashwini Thorat, Shrutika Jagtap, Ashwini Taware and Rajendra Bandal


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: An overview of analyticalmethods for determining metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochlride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202111-21465


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a significant metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from issues with insulin secretion and action. This condition can lead to severe complications affecting various organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. The disease has several types, notably Type 1, which is insulin-dependent and often occurs in children, and Type 2, which accounts for the majority of diabetes cases, primarily in adults. This overview aims to address the importance of anti-diabetic drugs and their analytical methods for measuring drug levels in pharmaceutical formulations.

The Role of Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Among the various treatments available for diabetes mellitus, metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochloride are notable anti-diabetic agents. Metformin, belonging to the biguanide class, primarily reduces glucose absorption from food and enhances insulin sensitivity, making it effective for managing Type 2 diabetes. Its chemical structure is 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, with an empirical formula of C4H12ClN5. Conversely, pioglitazone, classified as a thiazolidinedione, activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), leading to insulin sensitivity improvement. It has a more complex chemical composition, with the formula C19H20N2O3S. Both drugs play a crucial role in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.

Analytical Methods for Determining Metformin and Pioglitazone

Various analytical methods have been developed to measure metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. These methods include UV-Visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For example, metformin can be effectively measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometry with a detection wavelength of 234 nm and a linearity range of 10-50 µg/ml, demonstrating high precision and recovery rates. Similarly, HPLC methods for measuring pioglitazone show impressive recovery rates and low detection limits, highlighting the reliability and effectiveness of these techniques in pharmaceutical settings.

Advantages of Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Approaches

The advantages associated with the spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for measuring these anti-diabetic drugs include their simplicity, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. These methods have been validated for their repeatability and precision, making them suitable for routine quality control in pharmaceutical industries. The majority of the reported methods utilize RP-HPLC and UV absorbance detection, which are critical for accurately assessing the presence and concentration of metformin and pioglitazone in various formulations.

Conclusion

The methods developed for estimating metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms are vital for ensuring the quality and efficacy of these medications. With various validated analytical techniques at their disposal, pharmaceutical companies can effectively monitor these drugs in bulk and combined formulations. The study underscores the importance of continual advancements and validation of analytical methodologies to facilitate effective diabetes management and ensure patient safety through accurate dosing and medication quality.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the primary purpose of Metformin Hydrochloride?

Metformin Hydrochloride is primarily used to control blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose absorption from food and decreases hepatic glucose production, enhancing the body’s response to insulin.

How does Pioglitazone Hydrochloride work as a diabetes treatment?

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride acts by activating PPAR-gamma, a transcription factor that regulates insulin-responsive genes. This helps enhance insulin sensitivity and promotes fat cell differentiation, which collectively improve glucose regulation in Type 2 diabetes patients.

What are the main types of diabetes mellitus?

The main types of diabetes mellitus are Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent). Type 1 typically arises in childhood due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells, while Type 2 is more common in adults and often related to insulin resistance.

What are the analytical methods used for Metformin and Pioglitazone?

Analytical methods for both Metformin and Pioglitazone include UV-Visible spectrophotometry and HPLC. These techniques are utilized for determining drug concentrations in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms and are known to be accurate and reliable.

What are common symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes patients?

Common symptoms of hyperglycemia include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and headaches. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to severe complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

Why are RP-HPLC methods preferred for drug analysis?

RP-HPLC methods are preferred due to their high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility in quantifying substances like Metformin and Pioglitazone. They allow for the efficient separation and analysis of ingredients in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Analytical methods for metformin and pioglitazone in dosage forms.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
A drug is a specific compound used in medicine. In the fields of pharmacology and medicine, the focus often lies on how individual drugs operate and their therapeutic effects. For instance, Metformin serves a critical role in managing Type 2 diabetes, impacting glucose regulation in patients.

2) Blood:
Blood is vital bodily fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. In diabetes, blood glucose levels need careful regulation. Elevated glucose levels indicate poor management, emphasizing the importance of monitoring in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

3) Disease:
Diseases encompass a wide range of conditions characterized by abnormal bodily functions. With chronic diseases like diabetes on the rise, understanding their prevalence, progression, and management approaches is critical for public health strategies and improving patient care through preventive measures and effective treatments.

4) Natu (Nate):
In the context of anti-diabetic drugs, 'Nate' likely refers to Nateglinide, an oral medication that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. It is prescribed to enhance blood sugar control, particularly for Type 2 diabetics, showcasing the ongoing evolution of diabetes therapies to personalize patient care.

5) Water:
Water is essential for life and crucial for bodily functions, including cellular processes. In diabetes management, hydration plays a vital role in overall health. Proper water intake can assist in maintaining optimal blood glucose levels and promoting metabolic functions, highlighting the interconnectedness of diet and disease management.

6) Sita (Shita):
Sita likely refers to Sitagliptin, an oral hypoglycemic agent utilized to treat Type 2 diabetes. As a DPP-4 inhibitor, it promotes insulin release and lowers blood sugar levels after meals. Medications like Sitagliptin represent advancements in pharmacological treatment strategies geared towards personalized diabetes management.

7) Genetic defect:
Genetic defects refer to abnormal mutations affecting biological functions, which may contribute to conditions like diabetes. Understanding genetic predispositions helps elucidate pathways of disease progression and treatment responses, ultimately guiding personalized medical approaches to better target therapies for those affected by diabetes.

8) Medicine:
Medicine can refer to both the science of healing and the drugs used for treatment. In diabetes care, medicine includes various therapeutic agents that help regulate blood glucose levels. Advances in medicine continuously improve therapeutic outcomes and patient adherence to treatment plans.

9) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of services or products provided. In pharmaceuticals, the quality of drugs ensures safety and efficacy, critical for patient health. Quality assurance in drug manufacturing and testing helps maintain high therapeutic standards, fostering trust in the healthcare system and improving treatment outcomes.

10) Account:
Accounts can refer to detailed reports or records of activities and findings. In scientific research, maintaining accurate accounts of experiments and results aids in verifying data integrity and contributes to the collective understanding of treatment efficacy, especially in managing conditions like diabetes.

11) Beta:
Beta typically refers to beta cells in the pancreas, responsible for insulin production. Dysfunction in beta cells leads to insufficient insulin secretion, a critical factor in diabetes. Understanding beta cell health is paramount for developing therapies aimed at restoring normal insulin production and managing diabetes effectively.

12) Pune:
Pune is a city in India known for its educational institutions and healthcare services. It plays a significant role in pharmaceutical research and education. The presence of colleges and research facilities contributes to advancements in diabetes care and medication development, enhancing regional healthcare outcomes.

13) Substance:
A substance is a distinct form of matter with specific characteristics. In pharmacology, substances include active ingredients in medications that exert physiological effects. Understanding how specific substances interact with biological systems is key to developing effective therapies and improving clinical outcomes for various diseases.

14) Activity:
Activity refers to the biochemical or physiological processes initiated by a substance or treatment. In the context of pharmacology, drug activity encompasses how drugs perform their actions, including therapeutic effects against diabetes. Understanding drug activity aids in optimizing treatment regimens for better patient care.

15) Cancer:
Cancer signifies a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. It is the second leading cause of death globally. Understanding the links between diabetes and cancer risk is crucial for developing comprehensive care strategies and improving long-term outcomes for patients with co-morbid conditions.

16) Nature:
Nature pertains to the inherent characteristics of phenomena. In healthcare, the nature of a disease influences its treatment and management. Recognizing the nature of diabetes helps clinicians understand the underlying mechanisms driving the disease, leading to more effective interventions and support strategies for patients.

17) Thirst:
Thirst is a physiological response indicating a need for hydration, often exacerbated by elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes. Managing thirst through proper hydration is essential to support metabolic functions and prevent complications related to insufficient fluid intake, emphasizing its relevance in diabetes care.

18) India:
India, a country with a significant diabetes burden, has a rapidly growing population affected by this chronic condition. Understanding diabetes' prevalence and socio-economic factors can guide public health initiatives and innovation in treatment strategies, ultimately improving health outcomes across diverse communities.

19) Death:
Death, the cessation of life, can occur due to various diseases, including diabetes. Understanding the mortality risk associated with diabetes emphasizes the importance of effective management and treatment strategies, advocating for early intervention and education to help reduce preventable deaths from chronic conditions.

20) Study (Studying):
A study refers to the systematic examination of a subject or phenomenon to gain knowledge. In the context of health, studies on diabetes treatments are critical for understanding their efficacy and safety, aimed at improving healthcare practices and patient outcomes through empirical evidence.

21) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed for nourishment. In diabetes management, monitoring food intake, especially carbohydrate consumption, is crucial for blood sugar control. Nutritional education and food selection play significant roles in the holistic approach to diabetes care, influencing overall health outcomes.

22) Salt (Salty):
Salt is an essential mineral for bodily functions, but excessive intake can affect blood pressure and overall health. In diabetes patients, managing salt consumption is crucial for preventing complications, highlighting the importance of dietary modifications in comprehensive diabetes management strategies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Analytical methods for metformin and pioglitazone in dosage forms.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Diabetes mellitus, Gastrointestinal Tract, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Chronic hyperglycemia, Type 1 Diabetes mellitus, Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Blood glucose level, Autoimmune destruction, Anti-diabetic drug.

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