A systemic review on the safety of covid 19 vaccines available today
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A systemic review on the safety of covid 19 vaccines available today
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Tasnim Nazeer, Jisna K. Philip, Karthika Lal. B., Subash Chandran M. P. and Prashob G. R.
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A systemic review on the safety of covid 19 vaccines available today
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202112-21666
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, led to a global urgency for vaccine development following its emergence in December 2019. Various public health strategies, including social distancing and sanitation measures, were employed; however, vaccination has become a pivotal method to curb virus transmission. As of mid-2021, numerous vaccines have been developed and tested, varying in technology and effectiveness. The safety profiles of these vaccines have been closely scrutinized, resulting in widespread public interest and some hesitancy regarding vaccination.
Vaccine Development and Types
A multitude of COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for public use, categorized primarily into different platforms: mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna), viral vector vaccines (Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson), conventional inactivated vaccines (CoronaVac, Covaxin), and protein subunit vaccines (EpiVacCorona, RBD-Dimer). The mRNA vaccines utilize modified genetic material that instructs cells to produce a protein resembling the virus's spike protein, eliciting an immune response without using the live virus. This innovative approach marks a significant advancement in vaccine technology, enabling rapid development and deployment during emergencies.
Safety Monitoring and Side Effects
The rigorous testing of vaccines follows a phased clinical trial system, which includes animal studies, small groups of healthy adults, and larger populations to assess both safety and efficacy. Continual monitoring is essential even after authorization to ensure any long-term effects are identified. Common side effects reported include fever, fatigue, and pain at the injection site, which typically resolve within a few days. Some concerns were raised regarding allergic reactions to mRNA vaccines, but these incidents are rare, and comprehensive safety assessments affirm that the benefits outweigh the potential risks associated with vaccination.
Safety Across Different Populations
Vaccination strategies have also included diverse populations, encompassing various age groups and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. While side effects have been noted to occur more frequently in women, overall, the vaccines have demonstrated safety profiles for all tested demographics. Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals may receive the vaccine after consulting healthcare providers, as there is currently no evidence to suggest harm from vaccination during these periods. Ongoing studies are extending vaccine trials to children as well, addressing a critical gap in the vaccination strategy.
Conclusion
The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic through vaccination has showcased unprecedented scientific collaboration and innovation. All authorized vaccines have undergone extensive testing, ensuring their safety and efficacy in preventing severe illness from COVID-19. Public health guidelines continue to stress the importance of vaccination alongside traditional safety measures to effectively combat the virus. Ongoing monitoring and research will further strengthen confidence in the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines as the world navigates the path to recovery.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines?
Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include fever, fatigue, headaches, and local pain or redness at the injection site. Most side effects appear within 1 to 2 days after vaccination and generally subside within a few days.
How are COVID-19 vaccines tested for safety?
COVID-19 vaccines undergo rigorous testing for safety through computer simulations, animal experiments, and multiple phases of human trials. These phases assess safety, immune response, and the appropriate dosage before receiving regulatory approval.
Are COVID-19 vaccines safe for pregnant women?
Current data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines can be administered to pregnant women after consultation with their healthcare provider. There is no evidence indicating vaccines cause harm during pregnancy.
How do mRNA vaccines work against COVID-19?
mRNA vaccines, like those from Pfizer and Moderna, use messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a protein that resembles the virus's spike protein, triggering an immune response without using the live virus.
What groups should consult a doctor before vaccination?
Individuals with compromised immune systems, those with a history of severe allergic reactions, elderly with severe frailty, and pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before vaccination.
What specific safety monitoring occurs after vaccine approval?
Following approval, COVID-19 vaccines are monitored continuously for safety and effectiveness by health authorities, ensuring they meet high standards even after being administered to the general population.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A systemic review on the safety of covid 19 vaccines available today”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Disease:
Diseases encompass a broad array of pathological conditions requiring medical attention. The fight against diseases like COVID-19 emphasizes the importance of vaccines in protecting populations and highlights the need for continued research and public health strategies to manage and control outbreaks.
2) Viru:
Although this seems to be a typographical error for 'virus', in the context of infectious diseases, a virus is a small infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a prominent example, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
3) Study (Studying):
Study in this context refers to the systematic investigation aimed at discovering new information or verifying existing facts about COVID-19 vaccines and their safety. Ongoing studies are critical to understanding vaccine efficacy and identifying potential side effects, which informs public health guidelines and vaccine deployment strategies.
4) Death:
Death relates to the cessation of all biological functions that sustain life. In the context of COVID-19, understanding mortality rates among vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals helps evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vaccines. Analyzing death causes post-vaccination aids in reassuring public safety and trust in vaccine programs.
5) Food:
Food is essential for sustaining life, providing nutrients necessary for health and growth. In discussions of public health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, topics surrounding food security, nutrition, and food-related allergies are pertinent as they can affect overall health, immune responses, and vulnerability to infections.
6) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna refers to Sree Krishna College of Pharmacy and Research Centre in Kerala, India, where the authors of the study are associated. The institution plays a crucial role in pharmacy education and pharmaceutical research, contributing to advancements in public health, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in India known for its high literacy rates and advanced healthcare system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Kerala's public health measures and vaccination strategies have been noteworthy, affecting overall strategies in public health, contributing to higher acceptance rates of vaccinations in the region.
8) Blood:
Blood is the fluid that circulates in the body, carrying nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. In the COVID-19 context, concerns over blood-related side effects, such as thrombosis associated with certain vaccines, have drawn importance in monitoring vaccine safety and reassuring the public about potential risks.
9) Allergy:
Allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance, characterized by symptoms like itching, swelling, and anaphylaxis. In the context of COVID-19 vaccines, certain individuals may experience allergic reactions, making it vital to evaluate the safety among different populations and develop appropriate medical protocols.
10) Pain:
Pain is a common adverse effect associated with vaccinations, often reported at the injection site or as systemic responses. Understanding pain responses post-vaccination helps healthcare providers manage patient expectations and promote adherence to vaccination schedules amidst concerns about discomfort.
11) Drug:
Drugs encompass a wide array of substances used in medical treatments, including vaccines. The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines are among the most studied drug aspects, informing public health policies and encouraging vaccine uptake across diverse populations.
12) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of an object or living organism. In the context of the COVID-19 virus, the spike protein on the virus's surface is key for its ability to enter human cells. Understanding surface interactions aids in vaccine design and immune response generation.
13) Animal:
Similar to the previous definition for 'animal', understanding the role of various animals in vaccine testing is crucial. Animal studies provide early insights into safety, efficacy, and dosage recommendations, contributing to more reliable human clinical trials in vaccine development.
14) Fever:
Fever is a common, non-specific symptom often occurring after vaccination as part of the body's immune response. Monitoring fever rates post-vaccination is crucial for assessing vaccine safety and effectiveness, guiding public health messaging about expected reactions following immunization.
15) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating or improving something, such as vaccines. The accelerated pace of developing COVID-19 vaccines highlights advancements in science and technology while addressing public health needs, demonstrating how innovation can meet urgent global health challenges.
16) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. The development of COVID-19 vaccines represents a significant medical milestone, showcasing collaboration among scientists, healthcare providers, and governments to combat the pandemic through effective immunization strategies.
17) Swelling:
Swelling is often a localized inflammatory response following vaccination, characterized by an increase in size or volume. This reaction typically signifies an immune response, and understanding swelling patterns post-vaccination can inform vaccine safety profiles and patient management practices.
18) India:
India is a country significantly involved in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including vaccine development and distribution. The country’s diverse population dynamics and varying healthcare resources necessitate public health strategies that emphasize education, accessibility, and vaccine acceptance。
19) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process by which a pathogen spreads from an infected individual to others. Understanding COVID-19 transmission dynamics helps inform public health guidelines and the importance of vaccination in curbing viral spread, reducing infection rates, and saving lives.
20) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing refers to actively engaging in an activity or behavior, such as health protocols. Adhering to preventive measures like social distancing and vaccination practicing is vital in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and protecting both individual and public health.
21) Knowledge:
Knowledge is the information and understanding acquired through experience or education, contributing to decision-making. In the context of COVID-19, enhancing public knowledge about vaccine safety, efficacy, and available options fosters vaccine confidence and encourages broader participation in vaccination initiatives.
22) Substance:
Substance refers to a particular kind of matter or material. In the context of vaccines, understanding various substances, including antigens and adjuvants, is crucial for vaccine design, safety evaluation, and determining how they interact with the immune system to provide protection against diseases.
23) Mutation:
Mutation refers to a change in the genetic sequence of an organism, which can lead to variations in its traits. Tracking mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for vaccine efficacy to prevent and address variants that might evade the immune response generated by current vaccines.
24) Epidemic:
An epidemic is an outbreak of disease that spreads rapidly affecting many individuals within a population. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global epidemic, necessitating urgent public health responses, including vaccine development, widespread testing, and public education to mitigate transmission.
25) Pregnant:
Pregnant women must be given careful consideration regarding vaccination against COVID-19. While vaccinations can be beneficial, individual assessments of risk must be made alongside healthcare providers, balancing potential benefits of immunity against possible pregnancy-related risks and complications.
26) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or grade of something, essential in vaccine production. Ensuring the quality of COVID-19 vaccines through rigorous testing and monitoring helps safeguard public health, assuring recipients of the safety and efficacy of the vaccines they receive.
27) Meeting:
Meeting refers to gatherings of individuals for discussion or decision-making. In public health, meetings among experts and stakeholders are crucial for reviewing vaccine data, addressing safety concerns, and formulating policies guiding vaccination campaigns during the pandemic.
28) Peacock:
Peacock in this context doesn't have a direct connection but could symbolize beauty or excellence, often used metaphorically to emphasize the proud achievement of vaccine development. Vaccines serve as a critical tool in showcasing human innovation in the face of health crises.
29) Itching:
Itching is a common side effect experienced by some individuals post-vaccination, often as an inflammatory response to the vaccine components. Monitoring itching reactions provides insights into vaccine safety, guiding recommendations on managing such symptoms among recipients.
30) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Although not directly referenced in COVID-19 discussions, individuals with a history of cancer may face unique considerations regarding vaccination, necessitating personalized medical guidance to ensure the safety of immunization.
31) Nausea:
Nausea is a systemic reaction some individuals may experience following vaccination. Collecting data on nausea occurrences helps health authorities assess the overall side effect profile of vaccines, assisting in reassuring the public regarding the expected reactions to vaccinations.
32) Nature:
Nature in this context emphasizes the biology and natural processes governing living organisms. Understanding the nature of viruses, the immune response, and vaccine mechanisms is vital for developing effective strategies to combat infectious diseases like COVID-19.
33) Indian:
Indian refers to the nationality of individuals or things originating from India. Consideration of cultural, social, and healthcare factors specific to the Indian context is crucial in the implementation and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination measures throughout the country.
34) Thomas:
Thomas, in this context, likely references a contributor or author noted in the study pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines. Identifying contributors underscores the collaborative effort across various fields in addressing public health challenges presented by the pandemic.
35) Gupta:
Gupta could refer to a researcher or pharmacologist contributing to the broader understanding of vaccine safety and efficacy against COVID-19. Acknowledging experts and their work highlights the importance of research in advancing public health responses during health crises.
36) Kumar:
Kumar, similar to Gupta, may represent an individual involved in the study or research efforts in the context of COVID-19 vaccines. Recognizing contributors is vital in enhancing the credibility and dissemination of scientific research devoted to improving healthcare responses.
37) Sugar:
Sugar, though primarily a dietary term, links to the human body's metabolism and response. Understanding metabolic factors, including dietary habits, contributes to overall health assessments, particularly as they relate to immune responses and vulnerability to infections amid the pandemic.
38) Doubt:
Doubt reflects the hesitance or skepticism people may feel towards COVID-19 vaccines. Addressing public doubts through education and transparent communication is essential for promoting vaccine acceptance and achieving widespread immunity against the virus.
39) Fight:
Fight denotes the struggle against a common enemy, in this case, the COVID-19 virus. Public health measures, including vaccination campaigns, represent the collective efforts to combat the disease and protect individuals and communities from its adverse effects.
40) Tama:
Dhama likely represents a key contributor in the research or discussion surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Acknowledging names associated with significant research indicates collaboration and advances in the scientific community's efforts to counter public health challenges.
41) Cina:
China played a critical role in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak and in vaccine development. Understanding China's experiences, responses, and innovations helps inform global health strategies and fosters learning from various international public health practices.
42) Hand:
Hand, in conjunction with the concept of hygiene, stresses the necessity of clean hands in preventing infections. This reiterates the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions alongside vaccination strategies to control the spread of COVID-19 effectively.
43) Gold (Golden):
Gold may be metaphorical in this context, representing the highest standards or best practices in healthcare and vaccine development. It emphasizes the aim for excellence in ensuring vaccine safety and efficacy in public health responses to crises like COVID-19.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A systemic review on the safety of covid 19 vaccines available today’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Risk of death, COVID-19 Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Evidence-based guidelines, Systemic symptoms, Regulatory standards, Vaccine efficacy, Long-term adverse effects, Covid 19 vaccination, COVID-19 vaccine safety, MRNA vaccine platform, Phase 3 clinical trial, Adenovirus vector vaccines, Subunit vaccine.