A descriptive overview of parpati kalpana
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A descriptive overview of parpati kalpana
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Vishal Marotrao Nandurkar and Abhay M. Kadu
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: A descriptive overview of parpati kalpana
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202113-21980
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Parpati Kalpana is a significant preparation in the field of Rasashastra, which is the Ayurvedic science of mercury. This branch of Ayurveda focuses on the use of 'Rasadravyas'—materials primarily related to mercury and its derivatives. Parpati formulations are particularly noted for their therapeutic applications in gastrointestinal disorders, specifically Grahani Roga, which is associated with digestive dysfunctions. The preparation process involves various pharmaceutical transformations, yielding a thin, flake-like structure known as Parpati, created through the melting and pressing of a substance called kajjali, a mix of purified mercury (Parad) and sulfur (Gandhak).
The Unique Preparation of Parpati
The method of preparing Parpati involves a series of meticulous steps that ensure the medicinal properties of the ingredients are preserved and enhanced. Kajjali is subjected to heating (Agni sanskar) until it reaches a desired consistency and color, indicating that it is ready for pressing between kadalipatra (banana leaves). The significance of using gentle, controlled heat is paramount, as it influences the final properties of the Parpati. This gentle heating process also helps eliminate undesirable qualities of the mercury, rendering it suitable for medicinal use. The result is a formulation that is effective in treating various gastrointestinal diseases.
Historical Context and Significance
Parpati is deeply rooted in Ayurvedic literature, with the first recorded reference to the preparation appearing in the texts of Acharya Nagarjuna in the 8th century. The evolution of Parpati formulations is illustrated through subsequent texts, which highlight its application in treating Grahani Roga. Prior to these formulations, Grahani was often viewed as a challenging ailment to address. The transformative potential of Parpati in clinical practice has been noted across centuries, demonstrating advancements in Ayurvedic treatments, especially within the realm of digestive health.
Properties and Indications of Parpati Formulations
Parpati formulations are known for their diverse therapeutic properties, including dipan (appetizing), pachan (digestive), grahi (absorbent), and jantughna (antimicrobial). These properties make Parpati particularly effective for various conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract such as Grahani, Atisar, and Arsha. The formulations can be combined with other medicinal ingredients to enhance their efficacy further. Specific dosage guidelines are recommended, ranging from 1 to 12 Ratti (approximately 125 - 3000 mg), which vary based on the formulation and treatment requirement.
Conclusion
In summary, Parpati Kalpana holds a significant place in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, particularly for its role in treating digestive disorders. The intricate preparation process, historical importance, and extensive therapeutic applications underscore its relevance in modern herbal medicine. With an understanding of its medicinal attributes and clinical implications, Parpati formulations continue to play an essential role in the holistic treatment of gastrointestinal issues, reinforcing the integrated approach of Ayurveda in maintaining health and wellness.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Rasashastra and its significance in Ayurveda?
Rasashastra is the science of mercury within Ayurveda, focusing on 'Rasadravyas' or medicinal materials primarily involving mercury and its preparations. It aims to transform these materials through various pharmaceutical processes for therapeutic uses.
What are the types of Parad murcchita medicines?
The four types of Parad murcchita medicines include Khalvi rasayan, Parpati rasayan, Pottali rasayan, and Kupipakwa rasayan, each with unique preparation methods and therapeutic applications.
What is Parpati Kalpana and its primary use?
Parpati Kalpana is a specific formulation mentioned for treating gastrointestinal issues, particularly Grahani Roga. It involves a meticulous preparation process that transforms mercury for medicinal efficacy.
What are the key ingredients in Parpati preparation?
Key ingredients include parad (mercury), gandhak (sulfur), and various dhatu bhasmas. Specific raw materials are carefully selected based on classical texts to enhance the formulation's therapeutic effects.
How is Kajjali prepared for Parpati Kalpana?
Kajjali is prepared by triturating equal parts of purified parad and gandhak until a fine, homogeneous black powder is achieved, which serves as the base for Parpati formulations.
What are the indications for using Parpati formulations?
Parpati formulations are indicated for various gastrointestinal disorders, including Grahani, Atisar, Jalodar, Gulma, Shotha, Pandu, and Kushtha, leveraging their specific properties for effective treatment.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A descriptive overview of parpati kalpana”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Parpati:
Parpati is a thin, flake-like Ayurvedic preparation derived from mercury (parad) and sulfur (gandhak). It is a specialized formulation in Rasashastra, primarily used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The unique 'pot bandha' process enhances the therapeutic properties of parad, making Parpati a potent remedy, especially for conditions like Grahani and Atisar.
2) Grahani:
Grahani refers to the digestive system and is particularly associated with conditions that affect absorption and digestion in Ayurveda. It is crucial for maintaining digestive balance, and disorders of Grahani can lead to symptoms like diarrhea or dysbiosis. Herbal formulations like Parpati are specifically indicated for restoring Grahani function.
3) Kajjali:
Kajjali is a key component in the preparation of certain Ayurvedic medicines. It consists of a fine mixture of black sulfide of mercury and sulfur. This formulation undergoes a meticulous process to achieve a desired texture and medicinal quality, making it a foundational ingredient in many Rasashastra preparations, including Parpati.
4) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to an ash or calcined powder derived from metals, minerals, or herbs used in Ayurveda. It possesses unique therapeutic properties due to its processing which enhances bioavailability. Bhasma formulations are significant for medicinal purposes, contributing to various formulations, particularly in the treatment of chronic diseases.
5) Kalpa:
Kalpa in Ayurvedic terminology refers to a formulation or processing method designed to create medicinal preparations. It encompasses various techniques including heating, grinding, and combination of ingredients to optimize therapeutic efficacy. The Kalpa serves as the basis for many remedies, highlighting the importance of traditional knowledge in Ayurveda.
6) Patra:
Patra refers to leaves or plates used in Ayurvedic practices for preparing and administering medicines. Specific leaves like ‘Kadalipatra’ are preferred for certain formulations as they are thought to impart beneficial properties to the medicine while aiding in proper application and processing.
7) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya translates to 'medicine' in Sanskrit and encompasses all substances and formulations that possess curative properties in Ayurveda. The focus on Bhaishajya highlights the holistic approach of Ayurveda towards healing, often utilizing naturally sourced ingredients and traditional preparation methods.
8) Kalpana:
Kalpana signifies the conceptual framework or detailed method for creating specific Ayurvedic formulations. It plays a critical role in standardizing preparation techniques and ensures consistent quality and efficacy in the therapeutic formulations, including Parpati and other Rasakalpa.
9) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu refers to a condition characterized by pallor and weakness, or anemia in Ayurveda. It signifies the importance of digestive health in maintaining blood quality and energy levels. Remedies like Parpati target underlying digestive issues to alleviate symptoms associated with Pandu.
10) Paka:
Paka refers to the cooking or preparation stage in the elaboration of Ayurvedic remedies. This step is critical for transforming raw ingredients into effective medicines. The appropriate Paka is essential for achieving the desired therapeutic qualities and efficacy in formulated drugs like Parpati.
11) Gomaya:
Gomaya is cow dung, considered sacred in Ayurveda. In the preparation of medicines, it serves as a base for cooling and spreading molten materials. Its inclusion in the process is believed to enhance the purification and medicinal properties of the final product, yielding safe and effective medicines.
12) Bandha (Bamdha):
Bandha refers to the bonding or combining process in Ayurvedic formulations, particularly in relation to mercury. Para bandha, specific to parpati, denotes the destruction of impurities in mercury to enhance its efficacy, creating a more potent final product for medicinal use.
13) Tamra:
Tamra translates to 'copper' and is used in Ayurvedic formulations for its beneficial properties. Forms such as Tamra-bhasma are incorporated into specific preparations like Parpati to augment their therapeutic effects, particularly in liver disorders and digestive health.
14) Roga:
Roga signifies 'disease' in Ayurveda and encompasses various health conditions impacting balance in the body. Understanding the nature of Rogas is integral for formulating specific treatments and selecting appropriate formulations, such as Parpati for digestive-related disorders.
15) Agni:
Agni, meaning 'fire', symbolizes the digestive strength or metabolic capacity in Ayurveda. It is pivotal for transformation and assimilation of food and medicines in the body. Proper Agni is essential for health, and numerous Ayurvedic formulations focus on enhancing this vital force to combat various health concerns.
16) Loha:
Loha translates to 'iron' and represents one of the key metals used in Ayurvedic medicine. It is incorporated in bhasmas and formulations for its therapeutic properties, particularly in treating conditions related to blood and vitality, enhancing the overall efficacy of preparations like Parpati.
17) Medicine:
Medicines in Ayurveda encompass a wide variety of natural substances, preparations, and formulations used for healing. They are derived from plants, minerals, and animal sources, formulated using traditional knowledge to address specific health concerns and promote wellness.
18) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha refers to skin diseases or conditions characterized by chronic skin afflictions in Ayurveda. The treatments focus on detoxifying and balancing the dosha, with Parpati formulations also being used as they support internal harmony and aid in addressing underlying causes of Kushtha.
19) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
Mandagni represents a state of weak digestive fire in Ayurveda, leading to poor metabolism and digestive issues. It is crucial to strengthen Agni to ensure effective digestion and absorption of nutrients, thereby forms the basis for many treatments, especially those targeting conditions like Grahani.
20) Goghrita (Goghrta, Go-ghrita):
Goghrita, or ghee made from cow's milk, is a revered ingredient in Ayurveda, known for its lubricating and nourishing properties. It is often used to enhance the absorption of herbal formulations and ensure safer administration, playing a significant role in the therapeutic potency of medicines.
21) Madhu:
Madhu means 'honey' in Sanskrit, valued for its natural sweetness and therapeutic effects. In Ayurveda, Madhu enhances the flavor of medicines and possesses its medicinal properties. Often used as a base or adjuvant in formulations to soothe and nourish the body.
22) Darvi:
Darvi refers to the type of pan or vessel used for heating during the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations. The specific material of the Darvi is essential to avoid any adverse reactions with ingredients, ensuring properties of medicines remain intact during the process.
23) Takra:
Takra refers to buttermilk in Ayurveda, often used as a base in various formulations. It helps in enhancing digestive strength and introduces cooling properties to the medicines, making it a popular adjunct in treating digestive disorders and balancing Pitta dosha.
24) Ratti:
Ratti is a traditional unit of measurement in Ayurveda, approximately equal to 125-150 mg. Accurate dosing is fundamental in Ayurvedic practice, ensuring that medicinal formulations are administered in appropriate amounts for safety and efficacy.
25) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha signifies conditions or diseases related to piles in Ayurveda. Treatment strategies focus on improving digestion and elimination through aimed formulations. Medications like Parpati are often utilized in relieving symptoms associated with Arsha to alleviate discomfort and enhance gastrointestinal health.
26) Drug:
A drug in Ayurveda can refer to any substance, whether plant, mineral, or animal origin, leveraged for medicinal purposes. Drug formulations are meticulously prepared to ensure safety and maximize healing effects, often creating synergistic compounding for better outcomes.
27) Pravahika:
Pravahika refers to conditions of dysentery or related gastrointestinal disorders characterized by diarrhea. Ayurvedic treatments focus on restoring digestive health, with specific formulations like Parpati indicated for promoting gut health and preventing recurring episodes.
28) Murchana (Murcchana):
Murcchana refers to the process of sublimating mercury using heat, a critical step in cleansing and purifying the metal to render it safe for use in medicines. This ancient method ensures the medicinal properties of mercury are enhanced for therapeutic applications.
29) Disease:
Disease signifies pathological alterations in the body, requiring intervention. Ayurveda views disease as a disruption of balance and treats it holistically with natural remedies, considering the individual constitution and environmental factors for restoration to health.
30) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to swelling or edema in Ayurvedic terminology. Treatment methods focus on reducing inflammation and promoting fluid balance using formulations that enhance digestion and detoxification to relieve symptoms associated with Shotha.
31) Jvara:
Jvara signifies fever, a physiological response to illness in Ayurveda. Treatment approaches focus on combating the underlying imbalances causing fever, often employing herbs and formulations that reduce heat and restore proper homeostasis to alleviate symptoms.
32) Shula (Sula):
Shula denotes pain or discomfort, particularly abdominal pain in Ayurveda. The management of Shula involves identifying root causes, often using targeted formulations like Parpati to alleviate pain through digestive support and restoration of balance.
33) Rasaparpati (Rasa-parpati):
Rasaparpati represents a particular form of Parpati explicitly formulated for comprehensive use of mercury in treatments. It aligns with traditional Ayurvedic methods, emphasizing purification and the synergy of ingredients.
34) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
Tamra-bhasma refers to a copper ash formulation used in various Ayurvedic therapies. It is known for its health benefits, particularly in digestive and skin-related ailments. Its incorporation into preparations can enhance the synergistic effects of Ayurveda treatments.
35) Rasendra (Rasa-indra):
Rasendra refers to the ancient texts authored by Ayurvedic scholars on the science of mercury and its therapeutic applications. These texts form the basis of knowledge in Rasashastra, guiding practitioners in preparation and application in traditional medicine.
36) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
Aushadhi means 'herbs' and represents the vital sources of medicinal properties in Ayurveda. The classification and application of Aushadhi are fundamental to Ayurvedic remedies, as they provide a wealth of healing compounds aimed at restoring health and balance.
37) Kashtha (Kastha):
Kashtha refers to herbal preparations derived from hard plant materials. It blends various potent herbal substances to form powerful remedial compounds in Ayurveda, enhancing therapeutic efficacy across various formulations, including formulations like Parpati.
38) Kamala (Kama-la):
Kamala refers to the lotus or symbolizes aspects of purity and health in Ayurveda. The plant has various uses in traditional treatments, often reflected in formulations aimed at restoring vitality and balance in bodily functions.
39) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
Nagpur is a city in India known for its historical significance in Ayurvedic education and practice. It has been a center for Ayurvedic scholarly work and plays a role in the advancement of traditional medicine education and research.
40) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha translates to the three humors (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) integral to Ayurvedic concepts of health. Each Dosha governs specific physical and emotional characteristics, and understanding their balance is key to diagnosing and treating ailments in Ayurveda.
41) Malla:
Malla refers to a type of traditional Ayurvedic preparation often used for specific conditions. It is characterized by its unique formulation and carefully selected ingredients tailored towards addressing particular health issues effectively.
42) Lauha:
Lauha denotes iron in Ayurveda, which is often processed into medicinal formulations for its benefits in treating blood-related issues like anemia. Lauha-bhasma enhances overall health and is commonly used for improving vitality and strength.
43) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda referring to the essence or quality of a substance, particularly relating to taste and therapeutic properties. It is vital for understanding the balance of food and herbal preparations in terms of their effects on the body.
44) Milk:
Milk is considered a vital source of nourishment in Ayurveda. It is often utilized as a base or carrier in herbal formulations, known for its cooling and nourishing properties, crucial for balancing various doshas and enhancing the therapeutic effects of medicines.
45) Dhatubhasma (Dhatu-bhasma):
Dhatubhasma signifies the ash of medicinal metals used in Ayurveda. It is carefully processed to ensure enhanced therapeutic properties, contributing to the effectiveness of herbal treatments and stability in formulations.
46) Lauhabhasma (Lauha-bhasma):
Lauha-bhasma refers specifically to the ash of iron processed through Ayurvedic methods. Known for its potent therapeutic properties, it is commonly employed in treatments focused on enhancing strength and addressing blood-related deficiencies.
47) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is the branch of Ayurveda that specifically focuses on the use of metals and minerals in medicine, particularly mercury. It encompasses the preparation, purification, and application of these substances in achieving effective therapeutic results and consideration of safety in practices.
48) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Raktapitta is a condition characterized by bleeding disorders in Ayurveda, resulting from an imbalance in blood quality. Treatments aim to restore the health of the blood and associated systems using specifically tailored formulations to stabilize the dosha involved.
49) Arkapatra (Arka-patra):
Arka-patra refers to the leaves of the Calotropis plant, often used in specific Ayurvedic preparations for their unique properties. These leaves are believed to impart beneficial qualities to the medicines prepared with them, adding to their therapeutic efficacy.
50) Murcchita:
Murcchita implies a processed or sublimated state of mercury, reflecting the importance of purifying this metal for safe use in medicines. The method of Murcchana is critical to enhancing its therapeutic properties while mitigating toxicity.
51) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine that emphasizes balance within the body, mind, and environment. It focuses on natural remedies, lifestyle modifications, and individualized treatment approaches to promote health, prevent disease, and enhance overall well-being.
52) Pariksha (Pariksa):
Pariksha refers to examination or assessment in Ayurvedic practice. This process entails evaluating the physical and mental state of a patient, allowing practitioners to ascertain conditions and prescribe effective, individualized treatments based on observed imbalances.
53) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha signifies a compilation or collection of Ayurvedic knowledge, often encompassing treatment methodologies and formulations. It emphasizes the importance of accumulated wisdom in guiding practitioners in their practice for preserving health and treating various ailments.
54) Prameha:
Prameha refers to a group of disorders related to urinary dysfunction, often linked to an imbalance in metabolic processes. Ayurvedic treatments focus on restoring balance and employing specific formulations to alleviate the symptoms and underlying causes of Prameha.
55) Pottali:
Pottali refers to a specific type of Ayurvedic preparation where the active ingredients are enclosed in a pouch, typically for heat-based treatment. This method is significant for delivering potent effects of the contained herbs and minerals apply directly to the desired area.
56) Hanuman (Hanumat):
Hanuman is a revered figure in Hindu mythology and represents strength, devotion, and healing. In Ayurvedic tradition, invoking the traits of Hanuman symbolizes the aspiration for robust health and healing, reflecting spiritual and physical aspects of treatment.
57) Dealing:
Dealing in an Ayurvedic context refers to the application and management of various health conditions through personalized treatment approaches. This includes assessing, diagnosing, and implementing tailored remedies suitable for each individual's unique constitution and conditions.
58) Science (Scientific):
Science in Ayurveda encompasses the systematic study and understanding of natural laws governing health, disease, and treatment. It emphasizes empirical evidence gained through experience, justified through historical texts and practices passed down through generations.
59) Siddha:
Siddha relates to perfected or accomplished practices within Ayurveda. It reflects a standard of excellence achieved through rigorous training and a deep understanding of herbalism and other traditional medical practices, aiming for optimal health outcomes.
60) Kadali:
Kadali usually refers to the banana plant, whose leaves (Kadalipatra) are utilized in Ayurvedic preparations. The leaves are employed for their medicinal properties and practical applications in the process of forming certain drugs, enhancing the effectiveness and ritual importance in traditional medicine.
61) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya represents a state of chronic depletion or wasting in Ayurveda, often linked to difficulties in nourishment or digestive health. Treatment focuses on restoring balance and strengthening the body using specific formulations that enhance vitality and resilience.
62) Parada:
Parada denotes mercury in the context of Ayurveda. It is a taboo yet therapeutically significant element known for its unique healing properties when processed properly. Parada is commonly used in various formulations, especially in Rasashastra.
63) Gulma:
Gulma refers to an abdominal mass or lump, often linked to digestive disorders in Ayurvedic terminology. Treatment aims to regulate digestion and reduce any formed mass through comprehensive treatment plans including dietary modifications and herbal formulations.
64) Hingu (Himgu):
Hingu refers to the resin of the Ferula plant, traditionally used in Ayurveda for its carminative and digestive properties. Its incorporation into formulations aids in enhancing digestive strength and alleviating gastrointestinal discomfort.
65) Dhatu:
Dhatu signifies the seven essential tissues in Ayurveda, which form the basis of physical form and vitality. These tissues represent structural and functional components crucial for maintaining health and well-being, influencing various biological processes.
66) Varna:
Varna refers to color or qualities related to health and eye-related characteristics in Ayurveda. Understanding Varna is important in assessing the state of health or condition of patients, guiding diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies tailored to their needs.
67) Antra (Amtra):
Antra denotes the intestines in Ayurvedic terminology, highlighting the significance of these organs in digestion and overall health. Understanding the function of Antra is essential in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders effectively.
68) Grahin (Grahi):
Grahi means 'that which absorbs' in Ayurveda, often relating to digestive capability. A well-functioning Grahi is critical for proper nutrient absorption, and dysfunction can lead to various health issues, making it a focal point for many Ayurvedic treatments.
69) Honey:
Honey, or Madhu, is valued in Ayurveda for its natural sweetness and health benefits. It is often used as a preservative or synergistic ingredient in many formulations, enhancing their flavor, properties, and overall therapeutic effectiveness.
70) Nakar:
Nagar refers to urban areas and is often associated with the historical development of Ayurvedic practices and education. Nagar signifies a center for traditional knowledge, where Ayurvedic practitioners gather and share insights on health and healing.
71) Arka:
Arka typically refers to the Calotropis plant, whose leaves and roots are used medicinally in Ayurveda. Its extracts are often utilized in formulations for their therapeutic properties related to pain and infection relief.
72) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is a respectful prefix used in Indian culture, often denoting honor and acknowledgment. In Ayurvedic texts, it symbolizes the reverence associated with the practices, teachings, and practitioners, reflecting their importance in promoting health.
73) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa indicates cough within Ayurvedic terminology, often treated holistically through targeted herbal approaches. Remedies for Kasa aim at balancing dosha and alleviating symptoms by restoring respiratory health and resilience.
74) Guna:
Guna refers to the inherent qualities or attributes associated with substances in Ayurveda, crucial for understanding their effects on health. Recognizing Guna helps in selecting appropriate formulations and tailoring treatments to individual needs.
75) Jala:
Jala means 'water' and is essential for maintaining hydration and bodily functions in Ayurveda. Water serves as a base for many herbal formulations, impacting their properties and enhancing overall health when integrated into treatment plans.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 137]
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