Comparative study of self-prepared and market ayaskriti.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Comparative pharmaceutico-analytical study of self prepared ayaskriti and market sample ayaskriti
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dnyaneshwar Bhise, Raman Belge, R. Pandey, Kranti Khekale


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Comparative pharmaceutico-analytical study of self prepared ayaskriti and market sample ayaskriti

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202113-22229

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Ayaskriti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation detailed in ancient texts such as the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya. The term 'Ayasa' refers to iron, while 'Kriti' means to cut or hack; thus Ayaskriti encompasses the method of processing metals like iron, gold, and silver to render them safe for internal consumption. This comparative study evaluates a self-prepared version of Ayaskriti against a commercially available sample, focusing on quality control, authenticity, and medicinal efficacy.

The Process of Ayaskriti

The process of Ayaskriti involves making metallic drugs consumable by subjecting them to a series of complex preparatory steps. Initially, the metals are cut into smaller pieces and subjected to various forms of processing. The preparation includes creating a kwatha (decoction) from specific herbal ingredients, mixing it with jaggery and honey, and filtering the resulting mixture. A sheet of iron is red-hot and immersed multiple times in the mixture, facilitating chemical interactions that render the metal safe for therapeutic use. This traditional methodology underscores the unifying theme of Ayurveda that seeks to transform potent but potentially harmful materials into beneficial medicines.

Physico-Chemical Analysis

A significant aspect of the study involves a comprehensive physico-chemical analysis of both the self-prepared and market samples of Ayaskriti. Various parameters were measured, including pH, specific gravity, alcohol content, total sugar content, viscosity, and iron content. The study revealed that the self-prepared Ayaskriti had a lower pH and higher specific gravity compared to the market sample, indicating different chemical compositions. The analysis also showed significant differences in alcohol and sugar content, which may affect the therapeutic potential of the formulations.

Heavy Metal Testing

Heavy metal contamination is a crucial safety parameter in the evaluation of Ayurvedic preparations. In this study, the levels of lead, arsenic, and mercury were measured in both self-prepared and market samples of Ayaskriti. The findings indicated that the self-prepared Ayaskriti exhibited higher concentrations of lead and mercury, which poses potential health risks. However, both samples demonstrated acceptable levels compared with toxic thresholds, suggesting that while traditional preparations may pose risks, they can be safe when characteristic levels of heavy metals are maintained within regulatory limits.

Conclusion

The comparative study of self-prepared and market samples of Ayaskriti showcases the importance of both traditional practices and modern analytical techniques in Ayurvedic research. The results affirm that self-prepared formulations can retain their therapeutic qualities while also revealing variations in composition that impact safety and efficacy. This research serves as a valuable framework for establishing quality control measures in Ayurvedic pharmacology, ensuring that such preparations can be safely utilized in therapeutic applications. Ultimately, Ayaskriti's preparation and analysis highlight the blend of ancient wisdom and scientific scrutiny in the quest for effective and safe medicinal practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Ayaskriti and its significance in Ayurvedic medicine?

Ayaskriti is an Ayurvedic formulation that transforms metals into consumable forms for internal use, as detailed in ancient texts like Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. It plays a crucial role in Ayurvedic therapeutics.

What ingredients are used to prepare Ayaskriti?

The preparation of Ayaskriti involves various herbs and metals, including Iron (Lauha) as the primary ingredient, mixed with multiple herbal components like Vatsaka and others for therapeutic benefits and quality control.

What were the physical characteristics of self-prepared Ayaskriti?

The self-prepared Ayaskriti was dark brown in color, with astringent taste and Lauha Gandhi odor. Its pH was approximately 3.94, with a specific gravity of 1.0605.

How does the iron content compare between self-prepared and market samples?

The iron content in self-prepared Ayaskriti was found to be 0.21 ppm, while the market sample contained 0.028 ppm, indicating a higher concentration in the self-prepared version.

What safety concerns are associated with heavy metal content in Ayaskriti?

The study showed that heavy metal content, including lead, arsenic, and mercury, was present in both self-prepared and market samples. However, the levels complied with safety standards for therapeutics.

What conclusions can be drawn from the comparative study of Ayaskriti?

The study concluded that both self-prepared and market sample Ayaskriti meet the necessary physical and chemical standards for quality and safety, reaffirming their therapeutic potential in Ayurvedic medicine.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative study of self-prepared and market ayaskriti.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Dravya:
The term ‘Dravyas’ refers to the plurality of substances used in Ayurvedic formulations. Each Dravya is selected based on its medicinal properties, interactions, and effects on the body. The combination of different Dravyas is crucial in Ayurveda for achieving desired therapeutic outcomes.

2) Table:
In the context of the study, tables serve as a structured method to present data clearly and concisely. Tables are used to display ingredient compositions, observational data, and results from tests, making it easier to compare the properties of self-prepared and market samples of Ayaskriti.

3) Study (Studying):
The study is a systematic investigation aimed at comparing self-prepared Ayaskriti against market samples. It analyzes various physical and chemical parameters to assess the quality and safety of the formulations, contributing to the knowledge base in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and enhancing therapeutic practices.

4) Sugar:
Sugar is analyzed in this study, with particular focus on total and reducing sugars found in Ayaskriti. These sugars can influence the taste, viscosity, and stability of the formulation. Understanding sugar content is essential for evaluating the quality and potential therapeutic effects of the medicine.

5) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga refers to the eight components or limbs of the classical texts in Ayurveda. Here, it specifically relates to the Ashtanga Hridaya, an ancient Ayurvedic text that outlines comprehensive principles of health, disease management, and the preparation of medicinal formulations, including Ayaskriti.

6) Honey:
Honey, mentioned as an ingredient, serves multiple functions in Ayurvedic formulations. It acts as a natural preservative and sweetening agent while also having therapeutic properties, enhancing the overall effectiveness and palatability of medicines like Ayaskriti, thus contributing to their health benefits.

7) Gana:
Gana, in the Ayurvedic context, refers to a group or category of herbs or ingredients that are utilized together for a specific therapeutic purpose. The classification of ingredients into Ganas helps in systematically understanding their collective benefits in formulations like Ayaskriti.

8) Drug:
The term 'drug' denotes the end product of the preparation process. In this context, it represents Ayaskriti, an Ayurvedic preparation derived from various herbal and metallic ingredients. Understanding the drug's properties and potential effects is critical for therapeutic applications.

9) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
Ashtanga-Hridaya is a foundational text in Ayurveda that compiles knowledge about various aspects of health, medicinal formulations, and therapies. It emphasizes the significance of understanding principles behind formulations like Ayaskriti, which helps practitioners effectively treat patients.

10) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
In the context of Ayurvedic texts, 'Hridaya' signifies the heart or core principles of a subject. As part of Ashtanga Hridaya, it represents the essence of Ayurvedic practice, focusing on holistic health and the interconnection between body, mind, and spirit in treatment.

11) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or Piper longum, is an important medicinal herb in Ayurveda known for its digestive and respiratory benefits. It is included in formulations to enhance bioavailability and efficacy, showcasing its role in improving health outcomes associated with Ayaskriti.

12) Lauha:
Lauha refers to iron in Ayurvedic medicine. It is key to the preparation of Ayaskriti, emphasizing the importance of metals in traditional formulations. Understanding Lauha's properties can provide insights into the therapeutic potential and safety of metallic preparations.

13) Piper longum:
Piper longum, commonly known as Pippali, is a valuable herb known for its warming, digestive, and respiratory benefits. Its inclusion in Ayaskriti enhances the formulation's effectiveness, signifying the careful selection of ingredients based on their therapeutic roles in Ayurvedic practices.

14) Observation:
Observations involve systematic evaluations of the physical and chemical properties of the samples in the study. This process is essential for comparing self-prepared and market samples of Ayaskriti, providing insights into their quality, safety, and therapeutic potential.

15) Samhita:
Samhita denotes a collection of verses or scriptures in Ayurveda that serve as foundational texts. They compile knowledge of medicinal plants, formulations, and therapeutic practices, guiding contemporary Ayurvedic treatments, including the preparation of Ayaskriti.

16) Quality:
Quality indicates the standard and effectiveness of Ayurvedic preparations. In this study, quality is assessed through various parameters such as pH, alcohol content, and heavy metal presence, ensuring the safety and efficacy of Ayaskriti for medicinal use.

17) Pramana (Pramanas):
Pramana denotes the means or methods of obtaining knowledge in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the importance of evidence-based practices and the validation of therapeutic formulations like Ayaskriti, lending credibility to treatments and ensuring patient safety.

18) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is commonly used in Ayurvedic formulations for its nourishing and therapeutic properties. Its role in the preparation of Ayaskriti enhances the formulation's palatability and efficacy, supporting digestion and improving overall health benefits.

19) Ayasa (Ayasha):
Ayasa translates to iron in Sanskrit and signifies its significance in Ayurvedic practice. As a vital ingredient in preparations like Ayaskriti, Ayasa plays a crucial role in contributing to the health benefits and therapeutic value of the formulation.

20) Asava (Ashava):
Asava refers to fermented herbal preparations in Ayurveda, typically containing ingredients that yield alcohol and enhance bioavailability. The study of Ayaskriti looks into its classification as an Asava, highlighting its therapeutic potentials and safety considerations.

21) Anga (Amga):
Anga signifies a part or limb, often indicating specific components or aspects of a larger system. In this context, it denotes the various ingredients and their interactions within Ayurvedic formulations, which contribute to the overall therapeutic efficacy of drugs like Ayaskriti.

22) Anogeissus latifolia:
Anogeissus latifolia is a medicinal plant included in Ayaskriti for its therapeutic properties. Known for its astringent effects, it supports digestive health and maintains overall wellness, highlighting the significance of herbal ingredients in Ayurvedic formulations.

23) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is a significant herb in Ayurveda known for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. Its inclusion in preparations like Ayaskriti enhances therapeutic effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of using diverse herbal and metallic ingredients.

24) Butea monosperma:
Butea monosperma, or the Flame of the Forest, is recognized for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. Its role in Ayaskriti highlights the use of traditional plants known for healing effects and the importance of natural ingredients in Ayurvedic therapeutics.

25) Santalum album:
Santalum album, or sandalwood, is valued in Ayurveda for its cooling and calming properties. Its inclusion in formulations like Ayaskriti not only enhances fragrance but also contributes therapeutic benefits, exemplifying the integration of sensory and medicinal qualities in Ayurvedic practice.

26) Acacia catechu:
Acacia catechu, known for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, is included in Ayurvedic formulations for its health benefits. Its presence in Ayaskriti illustrates the use of a diverse range of plants to achieve targeted therapeutic outcomes.

27) Terminalia arjuna:
Terminalia arjuna, highly regarded in Ayurveda for cardiovascular health benefits, is an essential ingredient in Ayaskriti. It represents the traditional use of powerful herbs aimed at enhancing overall well-being and addressing specific health concerns within Ayurvedic practice.

28) Oroxylum indicum:
Oroxylum indicum, a medicinal plant used in Ayurveda, is included in preparations like Ayaskriti for its therapeutic qualities. Its incorporation emphasizes the custom of using various indigenous plants known for their healing properties in traditional formulations.

29) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is the branch of Ayurveda focusing on mineral and metal-based medicines. It encompasses the philosophy and methods for preparing safe, effective Ayurvedic medicines, such as Ayaskriti, which combines herbal and metallic ingredients for therapeutic use.

30) Dnyaneshwar (Dnyaneshvar):
Dnyaneshwar is likely a reference to one of the authors or contributors to the study. Their insights and expertise lend credibility to the research conducted, emphasizing the value of collaborative efforts in advancing Ayurvedic knowledge and practice.

31) Ashvakarna (Asvakarna, Ashva-karna):
Ashvakarna is a term referring to a medicinal plant or herb used in Ayurvedic formulations. Its inclusion in Ayaskriti signifies the importance of selecting specific plants for their therapeutic properties that align with the formulation's health benefits.

32) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya relates to medicines or remedies in Ayurvedic practice. This term underlines the importance of formulating effective treatments, like Ayaskriti, that are rooted in ancient wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding for promoting health.

33) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study serves to interpret and analyze the findings obtained from the observations. It contextualizes the data, highlights significant outcomes, and emphasizes the implications of the study for future research and practice in Ayurvedic medicine.

34) Leucoderma:
Leucoderma, a skin condition characterized by white patches, is mentioned as an indication for Ayaskriti. Its inclusion highlights the relevance of Ayurvedic formulations in addressing specific health issues, utilizing herbal and metallic ingredients to support treatment.

35) Prakshepa (Praksepa):
Prakshepa indicates the additives used in Ayurvedic formulations to enhance their properties or effectiveness. Understanding Prakshepa is crucial for the formulation of medicines like Ayaskriti, as they contribute to the overall therapeutic benefits.

36) Medicine:
Medicine represents the substances designed to treat or prevent ailments within Ayurveda. The study focuses on formulations like Ayaskriti, emphasizing their role in traditional healing practices and the importance of evidence-based approaches for safety and effectiveness.

37) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that integrates herbal, mineral, and holistic approaches for health and wellness. It emphasizes the balance of mind, body, and spirit, and serves as the foundational philosophy informing the study of Ayaskriti.

38) Ativisa (Ativisha):
Ativisha, or Aconitum heterophyllum, is an important herb known for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating various ailments. Its role in the formulation of Ayaskriti highlights the significance of specific plant ingredients in Ayurvedic therapeutic practices.

39) Bharangi (Bharamgi):
Bharangi, or Clerodendron serratum, is a herb mentioned for its health benefits in Ayurveda. Its inclusion in formulations like Ayaskriti exemplifies the use of traditional herbs known for their therapeutic versatility and effectiveness in treating specific conditions.

40) Sandhana (Samdhana):
Sandhana refers to the process of preparation and transformation of raw ingredients into medicinal forms in Ayurveda. It emphasizes the meticulous methods employed in creating formulations like Ayaskriti, ensuring that the therapeutic properties are preserved and enhanced.

41) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya denotes obesity in Ayurveda, highlighting a specific health concern addressed by formulations like Ayaskriti. The ability to treat conditions such as Sthaulya showcases the comprehensive approach of Ayurvedic medicine in promoting overall well-being.

42) Vidanga (Vidamga):
Vidanga, or Embelia ribes, is an herb emphasized for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda, particularly for digestive health. Its inclusion in Ayaskriti signifies the role of such herbs in formulating effective traditional remedies that address various health issues.

43) Prameha:
Prameha refers to urinary disorders in Ayurveda, representing conditions that may be treated with formulations such as Ayaskriti. The focus on Prameha highlights the specificity of Ayurvedic treatments targeted toward common health issues.

44) Grahani:
Grahani, or malaabsorption syndrome, is included as an indication for using Ayaskriti. The term underscores the ability of Ayurvedic preparations to address digestive health issues, showcasing the therapeutic potential of traditional formulations.

45) Kramuka:
Kramuka, or Phyllanthus reticulatus, is a traditional herb involved in Ayurvedic medicines. Its significance in formulations like Ayaskriti relates to its various health benefits, emphasizing the diversity of ingredients used to enhance therapeutic effects.

46) Shunthi (Sunthi, Sumthi, Shumthi):
Shunthi, or Zingiber officinale (ginger), signifies its importance in Ayurvedic medicine for digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. Its inclusion in Ayaskriti underscores the emphasis on promoting health through the careful selection of beneficial herbal ingredients.

47) Ajamoda (Aja-moda):
Ajamoda is a herb known for its digestive and anti-inflammatory qualities in Ayurvedic medicine. Its inclusion in formulations like Ayaskriti exemplifies the holistic approach of Ayurveda in treating a range of health issues using natural ingredients.

48) Vatsaka:
Vatsaka, or Holarrhena antidysenterica, is a medicinal plant known for its digestive health benefits. Its role in Ayaskriti reflects the careful selection of specific herbs for their unique therapeutic properties, supporting the effectiveness of the formulation.

49) Shvitra (Svitra):
Shvitra, or leucoderma, is referenced as a condition for which Ayaskriti may be beneficial. The consideration of Shvitra emphasizes the targeted therapeutic intent behind Ayurvedic formulations, utilizing specific ingredients to address particular health challenges.

50) Kalpana:
Kalpana in Ayurveda signifies the preparation method or formulation of medicines. It is integral to understanding how specific ingredients are combined and transformed into effective healing products like Ayaskriti, reflecting the art and science of Ayurvedic practice.

51) Arishta (Arista):
Arishta denotes a category of fermented herbal preparations in Ayurveda, which may include Ayaskriti. The classification emphasizes the methods of preparation that enhance efficacy through fermentation, allowing for increased bioavailability of active components in the formulations.

52) Kalinga (Kalimga):
Kalinga signifies a specific herb or ingredient that may be utilized in Ayurvedic formulations. The precise role of Kalinga underlines the meticulous selection of diverse botanical constituents in crafting effective treatments in traditional practices.

53) Cutting:
Cutting, in the Ayurvedic context, refers to the process of preparing metals for use in medicinal formulations. It exemplifies the traditional methods for making metals like iron consumable, reflecting the intricacies of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics.

54) Arjuna:
Arjuna, or Terminalia arjuna, is a significant herb in Ayurveda, valued for its cardiovascular benefits. Its inclusion in formulations like Ayaskriti underscores the focus on harnessing the therapeutic properties of specific plants for effective treatment of health conditions.

55) Katuka:
Katuka, or Picrorrhiza kurroa, is recognized for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. Its role in formulations like Ayaskriti highlights the diversity of ingredients and their specific health benefits, illustrating the comprehensive nature of Ayurvedic treatments.

56) Bhandi (Bhamdi):
Bhandi, or Shirish (Albizia lebbeck), is consulted for its uses in traditional medicine. Its incorporation into formulations like Ayaskriti signifies the inclusion of various plants known for specific health benefits, offering a holistic approach to treatment.

57) Bhurja:
Bhurja, or Betula utilis, is an herb considered for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. Its role in Ayaskriti emphasizes the traditional use of various plant materials for enhancing health and treating specific ailments.

58) Betula:
Betula refers to the genus that includes birch trees. In Ayurveda, Betula utilis is acknowledged for its health benefits, often incorporated into formulations like Ayaskriti to leverage its therapeutic properties for improving overall well-being.

59) Silver:
Silver, represented here in the context of Ayurvedic formulations, typically indicates its use in various traditional medicines known for promoting health. Understanding its role is important in assessing both safety and therapeutic benefits in formulations like Ayaskriti.

60) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
Nagpur is likely the location associated with the researchers or institutions involved in the study. It serves as a reference point for the geographical and cultural context surrounding traditional Ayurvedic practices and research initiatives in that region.

61) Aruci:
Aruchi refers to tastelessness or a loss of appetite, a condition addressed by various Ayurvedic formulations. Its mention reinforces the focus on utilizing remedies like Ayaskriti to treat specific ailments within the holistic framework of Ayurveda.

62) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is highlighted for its medicinal properties and as an ingredient within Ayaskriti. Its role not only enhances taste but also contributes to the therapeutic effectiveness of the formulation, exemplifying Ayurveda's holistic approach to health.

63) Dhava:
Dhava, or Anogeissus latifolia, is included as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic formulations. Its significance in Ayaskriti showcases the use of traditional plants known for their health benefits, reinforcing the effectiveness of herbal inclusion in therapies.

64) Kalka:
Kalka refers to the paste made from herbs used in Ayurvedic formulations to extract their medicinal properties. Its preparation is crucial in Ayaskriti for maximizing the therapeutic potential of the ingredients included in the formulation.

65) Kriti (Krti):
Kriti denotes a form or creation, highlighting the concept of transformation in Ayurveda. In the context of Ayaskriti, it reflects the meticulous process of converting raw materials into effective medicinal products, embodying traditional practices of formulation.

66) Murva:
Murva, or Marsdenia tenacissima, is recognized for its role in Ayurvedic medicine. Its inclusion in Ayaskriti highlights the significance of utilizing specific plants for their unique therapeutic benefits, contributing to the holistic approach of Ayurvedic treatments.

67) Agaru:
Agaru, or Aquilaria agallocha, signifies its use in traditional medicine for aromatic and therapeutic qualities. Its role in Ayaskriti showcases the amalgamation of sensory elements with medicinal properties, enhancing both effectiveness and appeal of the formulation.

68) Shaka (Saka):
Shaka refers to leafy vegetables or young plants in Ayurveda, often used for their nutritional benefits. Incorporating Shaka in Ayaskriti emphasizes the emphasis on holistic nutrition as part of Ayurvedic healing practices.

69) Shala (Sala):
Shala refers to Shorea robusta, an important tree in Ayurveda. Its inclusion reflects the use of various woods and plants in traditional formulations, showcasing the diversity of ingredients utilized to achieve desired therapeutic effects.

70) Patha:
Patha, or cycleapeltata, is highlighted as a medicinal herb used in formulations. Its significance emphasizes the traditional wisdom employed in selecting ingredients for their healing properties, crucial for developing effective Ayurvedic medicines like Ayaskriti.

71) Pandu (Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu refers to anemia, a condition addressed by Ayaskriti. Its mention underlines the targeted therapeutic applications of Ayurvedic formulations and highlights their role in managing specific health conditions within the broader framework of traditional healing.

72) Ajaji:
Ajaji, or Carum carvi, is acknowledged for its medicinal characteristics in Ayurveda. Its addition to treatments like Ayaskriti reflects the significance of various herbs in achieving therapeutic efficacy in Ayurvedic medicine.

73) Asana (Ashana):
Asana denotes Pterocarpous marsupium, a vital ingredient known for its medicinal properties. Its incorporation in Ayaskriti exemplifies the inclusion of traditional plant sources in formulations, highlighting the connection to Ayurveda's extensive pharmacopoeia.

74) Water:
Water is crucial in the context of Ayurvedic formulations, serving as a solvent and essential component. Its mention in Ayaskriti indicates the importance of hydration and the role of liquid mediums in preparing effective medicinal products.

75) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha refers to piles, a condition that can be treated using Ayurvedic medicines. The mention of Arsha illustrates the targeted therapeutic scope of formulations like Ayaskriti, addressing common health issues prevalent in society.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 84]

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