Review of Sushruta's Raktavahi Dhamanya and portal vein correlation.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review article on literature of sushruta´s raktavahi dhamanya correlation with portal vein
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Manisha K. Dawre and Dr. Laxmi B. Barela


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A review article on literature of sushruta´s raktavahi dhamanya correlation with portal vein

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20204-17166


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article reviews the Ayurvedic literature concerning Sushruta’s Raktavahi Dhamanya and its correlation with the portal vein in modern anatomy. It begins by explaining the definition and function of Srotas, hollow channels in the body, which transport various substances and are considered an essential part of Ayurvedic physiology. The text delineates the differences among Srotas, Sira (vein), and Dhamani (artery), emphasizing that Srotas play a significant role in the circulatory system and are vital for normal bodily function.

The Concept of Raktavahi Srotas

Raktavahi Srotas, or the channels conveying blood in Ayurvedic medicine, are directly associated with the organs of the liver (Yakrit) and spleen (Pleeha), which are termed as Moolasthana (root site). According to Acharya Sushrut, Raktavahi Dhamanya is a critical part of the Raktavaha Srotas, and its impairment can lead to various pathological symptoms like blue discoloration, fever, burning sensation, anemia, hemorrhage, and redness of the eyes. This highlights the importance of understanding these channels to grasp how blood flows and to recognize the clinical manifestations of their dysfunction.

Portal Vein: Its Structure and Function

The portal vein is a crucial anatomical structure that carries blood from the abdominal parts of the alimentary tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. It is formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, measuring approximately 8 cm in length. Blood flow in the portal vein is slow, and it is crucial for filtering nutrients and toxins absorbed from digestion. The portal vein divides within the liver into a network of sinusoids, where the blood mixes with the hepatic arterial blood. This dual blood supply helps in the liver's essential functions, including metabolism and detoxification.

Clinical Relevance of the Portal Vein

Understanding the portal vein's anatomy and function is vital in assessing various clinical conditions. Portal hypertension, defined as elevated pressure within the portal venous system, can lead to severe complications such as ascites, splenomegaly, and variceal hemorrhages. Conditions like cirrhosis of the liver may compromise the vascular bed, further exacerbating portal hypertension. The clinical manifestations associated with portal vein issues underscore the need for timely medical intervention and the importance of correlating these effects with Ayurvedic concepts of Raktavahi Dhamanya.

Conclusion

The correlation between Ayurvedic concepts and modern anatomical understanding highlights the timeless nature of health and disease explanations. The Raktavahi Dhamanya can be equated with the portal vein due to their shared functions in transporting blood and maintaining systemic balance. Recognizing the pathologies associated with both systems emphasizes the relevance of ancient wisdom in contemporary healthcare. This synthesis of knowledge offers a holistic understanding of bodily functions, potentially guiding both Ayurvedic practitioners and modern physicians in their approach to health and illness.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are Srotas as defined by Acharya Sushrut?

Srotas are hollow channels in the body, excluding large veins and arteries, believed to circulate and exude specific entities throughout the body.

What is the portal vein and its function?

The portal vein collects blood from the abdominal organs and conveys it to the liver for filtration and processing, playing a crucial role in digestion and metabolism.

What are the Moolasthana of Raktavaha Srotas according to Sushrut?

According to Acharya Sushrut, the Moolasthana of Raktavaha Srotas includes the liver (Yakrit), spleen (Pleeha), and Raktavahi Dhamanya, correlating with the portal vein.

How does portal vein pressure relate to portal hypertension?

Normal portal vein pressure is 5-10 mmHg. Pressure above 40 mmHg indicates portal hypertension, which may result from liver cirrhosis, causing various health complications.

What major tributaries contribute to the portal vein?

The portal vein receives blood from several veins, including the superior mesenteric, splenic, inferior mesenteric, left gastric, and right gastric veins.

What are Dhamani as per Ayurvedic literature?

Dhamani are tubular, hollow structures that carry rasa and rakta (blood) from the heart, characterized by their pulsating nature.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review of Sushruta's Raktavahi Dhamanya and portal vein correlation.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refers to the channels in the body as defined in Ayurveda, which facilitate the flow of various substances, such as nutrients and waste. They are distinct from veins (Sira) and arteries (Dhamani), highlighting the comprehensive understanding of circulatory and metabolic processes in ancient Ayurvedic texts.

2) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the body that carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products. In the context of the article, it serves as an essential substance flowing through the Raktavaha Srotas, emphasizing the connection between Ayurveda and modern understandings of hematology.

3) Dhamani:
Dhamanis are the plural form of Dhamani, referring to multiple pulsating vessels responsible for circulating blood and bodily fluids. Their role within the Ayurvedic system underscores the intricate network of vessels vital for maintaining physiological balance.

4) Samhita:
Samhita denotes a collection of teachings or texts. In Ayurveda, texts like the Sushruta Samhita form the foundational literature that details medical practices, surgical techniques, and anatomical observations, revealing the rich historical context of ancient Indian medicine and its systematic approach.

5) Sira (Shira):
Sira indicates veins in Ayurveda. It differs from Dhamani by emphasizing the role of these vessels in transporting blood back to the heart. The distinction between Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas illustrates the nuanced understanding of bodily systems as developed by ancient physicians.

6) Vena:
Vena, meaning vein in Latin, refers to blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. This term is often used alongside the Ayurvedic terminology to bridge traditional concepts with Western medical language, enhancing the comprehension of vascular anatomy.

7) Channel:
Channel, in a broader sense, signifies a single pathway for the flow of fluids or information. In Ayurvedic discourse, it often aligns with Srotas, pointing to the importance of these pathways in health and disease management within the body.

8) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi, a city in India, holds significant historical and cultural importance, often linked with ancient knowledge systems and spirituality. It is a center for learning and medicine, reflecting the geographic context of Ayurvedic scholarship and practice.

9) Rakta:
Rakta refers to blood in Sanskrit and is foundational in Ayurvedic medicine, symbolizing life and vitality. Understanding its dynamics is crucial in diagnosing and treating various conditions, particularly those related to the Raktavaha Srotas, or blood-carrying channels.

10) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in western India, home to numerous Ayurvedic colleges and practitioners. It represents a significant geographical area for the development and preservation of traditional medicine practices, contributing to the rich tapestry of India's healthcare landscape.

11) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing balance in bodily systems and holistic health. It incorporates herbal remedies, diet, and lifestyle practices to maintain well-being, reflecting a comprehensive understanding of health that has influenced modern holistic practices.

12) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. While Ayurveda is a traditional system of healing, the synthesis of Ayurvedic principles with scientific inquiry highlights a modern effort to validate and integrate ancient wisdom.

13) Yakrit (Yakrt):
Yakrit refers to the liver in Ayurvedic texts, regarded as crucial for various bodily functions, including detoxification and metabolism. Its understanding within Ayurvedic practices showcases the liver’s significance as a primary organ in maintaining health and diagnosing diseases.

14) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, serves as a hub for medical education, including Ayurveda. It embodies the convergence of traditional practices and modern medical education, facilitating the exchange of knowledge in various healing arts.

15) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, with a rich heritage of traditional medicine. The country contributes invaluable insights into holistic health practices, creating a significant cultural context for the development and preservation of Ayurvedic knowledge.

16) Shiras (Siras, Siro, Shirash):
Siras refer to small, fine vessels in the body and are often associated with blood circulation. Understanding Siras in Ayurveda enriches the holistic view of the circulatory system, linking them with the broader network of Srotas and Dhamani.

17) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa represents the essence or juices vital for life in Ayurveda, encompassing both bodily fluids and nutritional substances. It plays a critical role in maintaining health and is linked to digestive functions, emphasizing the importance of assimilation in Ayurvedic practice.

18) Pune:
Pune is a city in India known for its educational institutions, including those dedicated to Ayurveda. The city is a center for research and practice in traditional medicine, reinforcing the relevance of Ayurvedic studies in contemporary healthcare.

19) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as the capital city, is significant for the promotion and regulation of Ayurveda within modern healthcare systems. It serves as a political and educational center, enabling advancements in both traditional and contemporary medical practices.

20) Discussion:
Discussion highlights the importance of dialogue in exploring and understanding complex topics. In the context of this article, it facilitates the examination of Ayurvedic concepts alongside modern medical interpretations, fostering a comprehensive understanding of health and disease.

21) Substance:
Substance, in a specific context, refers to a singular material vital for health. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of identifying and balancing such substances within the body, underpinning its therapeutic approaches to various health conditions.

22) Entering:
Entering signifies the action of substances or energies moving into the body’s systems. In the Ayurvedic framework, this concept is crucial for understanding digestion, absorption, and the flow through Srotas, impacting health outcomes.

23) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya, or heart, is recognized in Ayurveda as the central organ of life and consciousness. It symbolizes more than just a physical structure, reflecting the interconnectedness of emotional, spiritual, and physiological aspects of health.

24) Disease:
Disease refers to any condition that impairs normal bodily functions and well-being. In Ayurveda, it is recognized as an imbalance within the body’s systems, necessitating a holistic approach to treatment through diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle adjustments.

25) Gulma:
Gulma refers to an Ayurvedic term for abdominal tumors or masses, reflecting a pathological condition often arising from imbalances in digestion and metabolism. It emphasizes the need for thorough diagnosis and treatment tailored to individual health.

26) Dhatu:
Dhatu represents the fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda representing the structure of the body. They are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of life, revealing the interrelationships between various body systems and the importance of balance for health.

27) Bamti (Banti):
Banti is a condition in Ayurveda characterized by abnormal enlargement of the spleen, often signifying underlying imbalances within the body. Recognizing such conditions emphasizes Ayurveda's diagnostic breadth and individualized treatment strategies.

28) Vayu:
Vayu refers to air or wind, a vital force in Ayurveda representing movement and function within the body. It is one of the three doshas, highlighting the dynamic equilibrium necessary for health, and its disruption can lead to various ailments.

29) Bile:
Bile, an important digestive fluid produced by the liver, plays a crucial role in fat digestion and absorption. In Ayurveda, its balance is essential for maintaining metabolic functions and preventing digestive disorders, reflecting its integrative approach to health.

30) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation denotes a symptom often arising from imbalances within the body, which might suggest pathologies in Ayurveda related to heat or inflammation. Recognizing this symptom helps practitioners in diagnosing and treating various health issues effectively.

31) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The Sushruta Samhita is a foundational text in Ayurveda, composed by the ancient physician Sushruta. It serves as a comprehensive guide on surgery, anatomy, and medicine, marking a significant contribution to the early understanding of health sciences.

32) Measurement:
Measurement, as a singular form, entails the process of assessing specific health metrics. In Ayurveda, precise measurements are crucial for monitoring progress in treatment and ensuring balanced outcomes for patients.

33) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Raktapitta is an Ayurvedic term for a blood-related disorder characterized by bleeding and inflammatory symptoms. Understanding this condition helps Ayurveda practitioners address underlying imbalances, making it a key focus in diagnosing and treating patients.

34) Dridhabala (Drdhabala):
Dridhabala is a significant figure in Ayurvedic literature, known for his commentary on the Charaka Samhita. His contributions provide valuable insights into the interpretation and application of ancient Ayurvedic teachings in contemporary practice.

35) Mastishka (Mastiska):
Mastishka refers to the brain in Ayurveda, considered the seat of consciousness and cognitive functions. Its understanding in Ayurvedic medicine connects mental and physical health, emphasizing the holistic nature of Ayurvedic practices.

36) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata was a famous Ayurvedic scholar known for his works on traditional healing. His writings, such as the Ashtanga Hridaya, offer detailed insights into Ayurvedic methodology, techniques, and philosophy, contributing significantly to Ayurvedic education.

37) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the signs and symptoms in Ayurveda used for diagnosing ailments. This concept emphasizes the importance of observing bodily manifestations to assess imbalances and determine appropriate treatment strategies.

38) Dividing:
Dividing refers to the action of separating or categorizing various anatomical structures or processes. In Ayurvedic discussions, recognizing distinctions among different Srotas, Siras, and Dhamani emphasizes a detailed understanding of bodily functions.

39) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the vascular system, which may result from various conditions. In Ayurveda, bleeding can signify serious imbalances requiring careful diagnosis and treatment to restore health.

40) Yogavahin (Yogavahi, Yoga-vahi, Yoga-vahin):
Yogavahi refers to the concept of channels that carry specific medicinal preparations in Ayurveda. Understanding Yogavahi is crucial for practitioners when formulating treatments that target particular physiological functions or disease processes.

41) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India, fundamental to the composition of many classical texts, including Ayurvedic treatises. Its rich terminology provides a precise framework for articulating complex concepts in medicine and philosophy.

42) Visarpa:
Visarpa is an Ayurvedic term for a skin condition resembling ringworm; it indicates an imbalance in the body. Recognizing such conditions reflects Ayurveda's commitment to identifying and treating skin-related disorders holistically.

43) Adhikya:
Adhikya, meaning abundance or excess, can refer to imbalances in the body’s doshas or dhatus. This concept is an essential aspect of Ayurvedic diagnosis, allowing practitioners to target treatments for restoring balance.

44) Chandra:
Chandra, meaning moon in Sanskrit, symbolizes various elements in Ayurveda and Indian philosophy. It may refer to tranquil qualities related to health, mental well-being, and overall balance in an individual’s constitution.

45) Panduta:
Panduta refers to paleness or a condition associated with a decrease in blood or vitality. In Ayurvedic medicine, understanding symptoms like Panduta aids practitioners in diagnosing and addressing underlying blood disorders.

46) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning refers to a sensation often indicating heat or inflammation in the body. In Ayurveda, it signifies an imbalance requiring a holistic approach to restore equilibrium and prevent pathology.

47) Dipika:
Dipika typically refers to a light or commentary on texts. In the context of Ayurveda, it denotes critical explanations or elucidations accompanying traditional scriptures, enriching the understanding of ancient practices and principles.

48) Vikara:
Vikara denotes alterations or diseases within the body. In Ayurvedic terms, it encapsulates various health issues arising from imbalances, underscoring the necessity for diagnosis and treatment strategies aimed at restoring harmony.

49) Viddha:
Viddha can mean penetrated or pierced, often indicating injury. In Ayurvedic discussions, identifying such conditions is vital for devising correct therapeutic interventions to promote healing and restore balance.

50) Kamala (Kama-la):
Kamala, or jaundice in Ayurveda, signifies a condition resulting from liver dysfunction. Recognizing Kamala is essential for accurately diagnosing and treating liver-related conditions within the Ayurvedic framework.

51) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra refers to a mix or combination, often found in names of Ayurvedic scholars or texts. Its presence reflects the diverse influences and interconnections among practices and philosophies in ancient Indian medicine.

52) Vyanga (Vyamga):
Vyanga refers to facial discoloration or a form of skin disorder. In Ayurveda, it prompts careful assessment of underlying imbalances, emphasizing the relationship between external manifestations and internal health.

53) Nilika:
Nilika refers to conditions resembling discoloration or spots on the skin. In Ayurveda, understanding Nilika helps in diagnosing dermatological issues that may signify deeper systemic imbalances needing attention.

54) Shvitra (Svitra):
Svitra is an Ayurvedic term for leucoderma, a skin condition marked by white patches. Its recognition in traditional texts indicates an understanding of skin diseases and their relationship with internal health.

55) Pidaka:
Pidaka represents elevated skin lesions or bumps in Ayurveda. These can indicate local imbalances or systemic disorders, showcasing the need for thorough evaluation and tailored treatments.

56) Medhra:
Medhra refers to the perineum or lower abdomen in Ayurvedic terms. Understanding this region is crucial for addressing various gynecological concerns and conditions associated with pelvic health.

57) Nature:
Nature reflects the inherent qualities and characteristics of substances or individuals. In Ayurveda, it emphasizes the importance of recognizing the unique constitution of each person for tailoring health treatments and practices.

58) Kriya:
Kriya denotes action or function in Ayurveda, often referring to therapeutic procedures or medicinal actions. Understanding Kriya is vital for practitioners in developing effective treatment plans based on individual needs.

59) Laxmi:
Laxmi typically refers to a deity associated with wealth and prosperity. In an Ayurvedic context, it may symbolize health and well-being, emphasizing the holistic goal of achieving a balanced and fulfilling life.

60) Vedha:
Vedha refers to puncturing or penetrating actions, often relating to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in Ayurveda. Understanding Vedha aids practitioners in carrying out precise interventions during treatments.

61) Dadru:
Dadru is an Ayurvedic term for a skin condition akin to a rash or infectious disease. Recognizing Dadru highlights the importance of understanding dermatological issues in relation to systemic health within Ayurveda.

62) Joshi (Josi):
Joshi is a common surname in India, often associated with scholars and practitioners in traditional medicine. Figures with this surname may contribute to the rich history of Ayurvedic practice and education.

63) Fever:
Fever refers to an elevated body temperature indicating an immune response to infection or illness. In Ayurveda, it is seen as a manifestation of imbalance that requires careful diagnosis and treatment to restore health.

64) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the process of learning and analysis, essential for understanding complex subjects. In Ayurveda, rigorous study is crucial for practitioners to grasp the intricacies of health and healing.

65) Pama (Pama°):
Pama refers to a form of itching or skin irritation in Ayurveda. Recognizing such symptoms aids in diagnosing skin ailments and implementing suitable treatments to balance health.

66) Guda:
Guda indicates the rectum or anus in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding this area is key for addressing conditions related to bowel health and overall digestion.

67) Paka:
Paka denotes cooking or digestion, referring to the processes by which food is transformed into usable nutrients. In Ayurveda, it emphasizes the significance of proper digestion in the maintenance of health.

68) Shona (Sona, Soshna):
Sona, meaning gold in Sanskrit, often symbolizes purity and value. In Ayurveda, it may also reflect the high regard for knowledge and the esteemed status of traditional medicinal practices.

69) Rani:
Rani means queen in Sanskrit, often employed as a title. In Ayurvedic literature, it may denote respected figures or brilliant scholars who contributed to the field, reinforcing the tradition of valuing wisdom.

70) Kala:
Kala refers to time, art, or a specific division in Ayurveda. It signifies the cyclic nature of health and disease, emphasizing the importance of seasonality and timing in treatment strategies.

71) Hair:
Hair symbolizes growth and vitality in Ayurveda. It is often associated with overall health and well-being, serving as an external indicator of internal balance.

72) Wall:
Wall can signify a barrier or boundary in anatomical terms. In Ayurveda, understanding bodily walls or boundaries aids in discussing organ systems and their interactions functionally and pathologically.

73) Line:
Line might refer to a delineation between anatomical structures or concepts in Ayurveda. Such distinctions help practitioners recognize connections and relationships essential for holistic diagnosis and treatment.

74) Seat (Seated):
Seat refers to the anatomical or functional location of a particular structure. In Ayurveda, understanding the 'seat' of Srotas or other bodily systems is vital for effective intervention and treatment planning.

75) Post:
Post may refer to a position or role in an academic or professional context. In Ayurveda, it can signify the importance of proper placement within the healthcare framework for achieving therapeutic goals.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 76]

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