Management of respiratory disorders in children

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Management of respiratory disorders in children
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Semwal Aarti, Pandey Reena and Seepal Shalinee


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Management of respiratory disorders in children

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20204-17149

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Respiratory disorders are a prevalent health issue among children, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in those under five years of age. In India, a substantial percentage of children experience respiratory tract infections (RTIs), which can hinder their growth and development. The unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of children, combined with their immature immune responses, render them highly susceptible to these infections. Furthermore, the economic burden imposed by frequent respiratory illnesses disproportionately affects families from lower and middle-income backgrounds, especially in developing countries.

Concept 1: Prevalence and Impact of Respiratory Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are among the most common illnesses faced by children, with preschoolers averaging 6-10 episodes per year and up to 15% of school-aged children experiencing at least 12 episodes annually. These infections account for approximately 25% of pediatric consultations, with asthma being a significant contributor. RTIs lead to preventable mortality in many cases, with substantial rates noted in India where around 26% of RTI cases were reported. The overall prevalence, marked by seasonal variations, afflicts not just children but also contributes to parental absenteeism from work.

Concept 2: Ayurvedic Approaches in Respiratory Health

Ayurveda offers a promising therapeutic avenue for managing respiratory disorders in children. The formulation Pushkarmuladi Churna, listed in Bheshajya Ratnawali, comprises various herbal ingredients, including Pushkarmul, Ativisha, Karkatshringi, Pippli, and Dhanvyas, which are known for their effectiveness in treating respiratory conditions. These ingredients possess properties that target specific respiratory issues, providing a natural and holistic approach to treatment with fewer side effects, emphasizing the importance of early intervention in respiratory health.

Concept 3: Ingredients and Their Medicinal Properties

Each component of Pushkarmuladi Churna plays a unique role in respiratory management. For instance, Pushkarmula (Inula racemosa) exhibits numerous benefits, including being anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory, making it a strong candidate in asthma management. Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum) is known for its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, beneficial in treating coughs and upper respiratory infections. Karkatshringi supports the clearance of mucus from the airways, while Pippli enhances digestion and acts as a respiratory tonic. Dhanvyas contributes anti-inflammatory properties, thus collectively aiding respiratory function and health.

Conclusion

The management of respiratory disorders in children calls for a comprehensive understanding of both the physiological challenges they face and the potential for traditional medicine to provide effective solutions. Ayurvedic practices, particularly through the application of formulas like Pushkarmuladi Churna, not only address the immediate symptoms of respiratory infections but also support long-term respiratory health by enhancing immunity and reducing susceptibility to future ailments. As children navigate their developmental years, such integrative approaches may significantly mitigate the burden of respiratory disorders while promoting overall well-being.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are the common respiratory disorders in children?

Respiratory disorders in children include upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and asthma, characterized by symptoms like cough, postnasal discharge, and fever. These conditions are prevalent and frequently lead to medical consultations in pediatrics.

How frequently do children experience respiratory infections?

Typically, preschool-aged children encounter 6 to 10 respiratory episodes per year, while about 10-15% of school-age children have at least 12 episodes annually. This high incidence underscores the need for effective management and prevention strategies.

What is Pushkarmuladi churna and its components?

Pushkarmuladi churna, found in Ayurvedic texts, includes ingredients like Pushkarmul, Ativisha, Karkatshringi, Pippli, and Dhanvyas. These herbs are recognized for their beneficial effects on the respiratory system, particularly in treating cough and respiratory discomfort.

What role does Ayurveda play in managing respiratory disorders?

Ayurveda offers safe, effective treatments for respiratory disorders using natural formulations like Pushkarmuladi churna, which helps alleviate symptoms and supports overall immune function, significantly without the adverse effects commonly associated with conventional medications.

Why is early treatment for respiratory infections in children necessary?

Early treatment is crucial as respiratory infections can interfere with children's optimal growth and development. Persistent symptoms, like coughing, can affect sleep and feeding, leading to further health complications if not addressed promptly.

What is the impact of respiratory infections on child mortality in India?

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of mortality in children under five in India, contributing to 15-30% of deaths, many of which are preventable through timely medical intervention and effective health care strategies.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Management of respiratory disorders in children”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) India:
India is a country where the incidence of respiratory infections is significant, particularly among children. With a reported prevalence of respiratory tract infections, the healthcare system faces challenges, making it essential to explore traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda to manage these conditions effectively and reduce child mortality rates.

2) Drug:
Drugs encompass the various formulations and preparations used in Ayurveda to manage health conditions. Ayurvedic drugs, derived from plants and minerals, provide holistic treatment options for respiratory disorders in children.

3) Ativisa (Ativisha):
Ativisha, an important Ayurvedic herb, is known for its therapeutic benefits, particularly in treating respiratory issues like bronchitis and cough. It possesses antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in managing fevers and respiratory tract infections, thereby supporting the health of children.

4) Medicine:
Medicines refer to the various formulations and treatments available for managing health conditions. In this context, Ayurvedic medicines are highlighted for their effectiveness in treating respiratory diseases in children, focusing on natural ingredients with fewer side effects compared to conventional medications.

5) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda associated with the elemental qualities of water and earth. In children, elevated Kapha can lead to increased mucus production and respiratory issues. Ayurvedic remedies often focus on balancing Kapha to improve respiratory health.

6) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a key response in respiratory disorders, indicating the body's defense mechanism against infection. In children, respiratory tract inflammation can result in symptoms like cough and difficulty breathing, making it essential to address through both preventive and symptomatic treatments.

7) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating in India, focusing on holistic health and balance in the body. It emphasizes natural remedies, dietary practices, and lifestyle adjustments to prevent and treat diseases, particularly relevant for addressing respiratory issues in children.

8) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom associated with respiratory infections and indicates the body's immune response. In children, managing fever is crucial, and Ayurvedic herbs like Ativisha offer safe, effective solutions, promoting recovery from respiratory illnesses without adverse side effects.

9) Vata:
Vata is another dosha in Ayurveda symbolizing movement and metabolism. When vitiated, it may lead to various health issues, including respiratory disorders. Ayurvedic treatments often aim to balance Vata to ensure stability and prevent complications in children's health.

10) Bronchial asthma:
Bronchial asthma is a prevalent respiratory condition in children characterized by airway inflammation and difficulty in breathing. Ayurvedic treatments aim to alleviate its symptoms using herbal medicines and lifestyle modifications, emphasizing prevention and management to improve quality of life.

11) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial properties are crucial in the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, as many cases are caused by bacterial pathogens. Ayurvedic herbs with demonstrated antibacterial effects can effectively support children's recovery from respiratory illnesses and reduce the risk of complications.

12) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis, although less common in children, poses significant health risks in developing countries. Ayurvedic approaches to strengthen the immune system and address underlying respiratory issues can play an essential role in tuberculosis prevention and management.

13) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the pharmacological mechanisms by which Ayurvedic treatments exert their effects. Understanding these activities helps identify the efficacy of various herbs in managing respiratory disorders and guides clinical practice.

14) Disease:
Diseases encompass a range of health conditions, particularly respiratory ailments affecting children. Effective management and treatment through Ayurveda emphasize restoring balance and preventing further complications in pediatric patients.

15) Bitter:
Bitter herbs are significant in Ayurveda, often regarded for their digestive and detoxifying properties. Many herbs used to treat respiratory issues, such as Pushkarmul, also have a bitter taste, which is considered beneficial for balancing bodily humors and improving respiratory health.

16) Honey:
Honey is frequently used in Ayurvedic medicine as a natural sweetener that enhances the efficacy of herbal medicines. It possesses antibacterial properties and is beneficial for soothing sore throats and coughs, making it valuable in treating respiratory conditions in children.

17) Death:
Death related to respiratory illnesses remains a major concern, particularly in children under five years. Preventing respiratory tract infections through timely treatment and effective management strategies is essential in reducing mortality rates in vulnerable populations.

18) Dog:
In the context of pharmacological studies, dogs are often used in experimental settings to understand the effects of various drugs. This research can help elucidate the efficacy of Ayurvedic medications and their potential applications in treating respiratory disorders.

19) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological activities of Ayurvedic herbs refer to their effects on biological systems. Understanding these activities is essential for validating traditional practices and their effectiveness in managing respiratory disorders, bolstering the scientific basis for Ayurvedic treatments.

20) Transmission:
Transmission refers to how respiratory infections spread, including through respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces. Understanding transmission is vital for implementing preventive measures, especially in children who are highly susceptible to infections.

21) Observation:
Observation entails systematically watching and recording patients' responses to treatments. In Ayurveda, observational studies help validate the effectiveness of herbal remedies and provide insights into their use in managing respiratory diseases in children.

22) Developing:
Developing countries often face higher rates of respiratory diseases in children due to factors like malnutrition and lack of healthcare access. Addressing these issues through effective Ayurvedic practices can significantly improve public health outcomes in such regions.

23) Depression:
Depression, in this context, may refer to respiratory depression, a condition where breathing is inadequate. This can occur due to respiratory illnesses, necessitating careful management and treatment to prevent severe complications in affected children.

24) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the study and validation of traditional healing methods, aiming to bridge the gap between ancient practices like Ayurveda and modern healthcare. Scientific research on Ayurvedic medicine enhances understanding and acceptance of its efficacy.

25) Vomiting:
Vomiting can be a symptom associated with respiratory infections, particularly when persistent coughing occurs. It impairs a child's ability to feed and recover, highlighting the importance of timely and effective treatment to manage respiratory illnesses.

26) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to the imbalance of doshas in Ayurveda. When doshas are vitiated, they can lead to various health issues, including respiratory disorders. Ayurvedic treatments focus on correcting these imbalances to restore health and prevent complications.

27) Debility:
Debility in this context refers to the weakness or frailty resulting from prolonged respiratory infections in children. Addressing underlying issues with Ayurvedic treatments can help restore strength and support recovery, fostering optimal growth and development.

28) Account:
Account, in terms of documenting cases of respiratory disorders in children, is vital for healthcare research. It helps identify patterns, treatment efficacy, and informs public health strategies to manage pediatric respiratory issues.

29) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, or Piper longum, is a significant medicinal herb used in Ayurveda for its respiratory benefits. It possesses expectorant properties that assist in clearing respiratory passages, making it valuable in treating coughs and bronchial asthma.

30) Prasuti:
Prasuti refers to the branch of Ayurveda focused on obstetrics and gynecology. Understanding maternal health is crucial for the well-being of children, especially regarding respiratory health and the transmission of infections.

31) Pungent:
Pungent herbs are associated with stimulating digestion and metabolism. In respiratory treatments, pungent properties may help alleviate congestion and enhance airflow in the respiratory tract, thus improving overall respiratory health.

32) Species:
Species refers to the classification of organisms, including medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Understanding the various species and their properties is essential for identifying effective treatments for respiratory disorders.

33) Surface:
Surface refers to the respiratory membranes that line the airways. Healthy surfaces are essential for effective respiratory function, making the use of Ayurvedic herbs beneficial in maintaining and restoring surface integrity in respiratory health.

34) Animal:
In research and pharmacology, an animal refers to the test subjects used to study the effects of drugs, including Ayurvedic preparations. This research aids in understanding the safety and efficacy of treatments for respiratory diseases.

35) Vikara:
Vikara refers to specific ailments or disorders related to imbalances in bodily functions. In Ayurveda, recognizing vikara is essential for addressing respiratory issues effectively and providing appropriate treatment.

36) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
Tantra in Ayurveda denotes the comprehensive knowledge and techniques used for healing. It encompasses various practices, including herbal medicine, diet, and lifestyle adjustments, which are vital in managing respiratory disorders.

37) Shringi (Srngi, Shrngi, Shrimgi):
Sringi refers to the galls produced by an insect on certain plants. In Ayurvedic medicine, these galls, particularly in Karkatshringi, are recognized for their therapeutic properties in treating respiratory ailments, such as cough and asthma.

38) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi, meaning disease or illness in Ayurveda, encompasses the classifications of various health conditions, including respiratory disorders. Understanding vyadhi is essential for developing effective treatment approaches and managing pediatric health.

39) Reason:
Reason refers to the underlying factors contributing to respiratory disorders, including environmental, genetic, and lifestyle aspects. Identifying these reasons is crucial for preventing infections in children and devising effective management strategies.

40) Insect:
Insects, such as those producing galls on plants, can have significant medicinal properties. In Ayurveda, certain insects and their byproducts are utilized for their therapeutic benefits, particularly in treating respiratory disorders in children.

41) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which many Ayurvedic medicines are prepared, often derived from ground herbs like Ativisha and Pushkarmul. Powders are typically mixed with honey or other carriers for administration, offering convenience in pediatric treatment.

42) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha represents the three fundamental energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Understanding individual dosha profiles is vital for tailoring treatments for respiratory disorders, ensuring a holistic approach to health care.

43) Laghu:
Laghu means 'light' in Ayurveda and is a term used to describe the qualities of certain herbs and foods that aid digestion and alleviate congestion. These properties are beneficial in treating respiratory issues in children.

44) Hikka:
Hikka refers to hiccups or spasmodic contractions in the respiratory system, often associated with respiratory disorders. Ayurvedic treatments aim to address hikka by restoring balance and relieving the underlying causes.

45) Fight:
Fight refers to combating respiratory infections effectively through preventive measures and treatments. In this context, Ayurvedic practices play a vital role in supporting the immune system and reducing the incidence of respiratory illnesses in children.

46) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of Ayurvedic treatments for respiratory disorders. Research outcomes help validate traditional practices and improve healthcare strategies in minimizing the impact of respiratory diseases in children.

47) Acrid:
Acrid describes the sharp, biting taste of certain herbs used in Ayurveda. These properties can stimulate digestion and clear congested airways, making acrid herbs essential for treating respiratory disorders in children.

48) Cula:
Soola, indicating pain or discomfort, is related to respiratory illnesses that can cause breathlessness and chest pain. Addressing soola in treatment is vital for improving comfort and recovery in affected children.

49) Sage:
Sage refers to knowledgeable practitioners in Ayurveda who possess deep understanding and expertise in healing practices. Their wisdom is key for applying Ayurvedic principles effectively in managing respiratory disorders.

50) Genu:
Genu, which may refer to joints in a general sense, emphasizes the interconnectedness of bodily systems. In Ayurvedic thought, maintaining mobility and function in joints is crucial for overall health, including respiratory function.

51) Roga:
Roga translates to illness or disorder in Ayurveda. Understanding roga is critical for diagnosing and treating respiratory conditions, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to healthcare in pediatric populations.

52) Mala:
Mala refers to bio-wastes or accumulated toxins in the body that can lead to health issues, including respiratory disorders. Ayurvedic treatments aim to eliminate mala to restore balance and promote health, especially in children.

53) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa is an Ayurvedic term signifying a disease characterized by cough and respiratory discomfort. It closely resembles modern respiratory disorders, highlighting the historical context of managing infections through traditional practices.

54) Guna:
Guna represents the inherent qualities or attributes of substances, including medicinal herbs. Understanding the guna of different herbs is vital for selecting appropriate treatments for respiratory disorders in children.

55) Mast:
Mast can refer to prominent individuals or texts in Ayurveda that guide the understanding of health practices. Such sources are crucial for educating practitioners on effective treatments for respiratory health.

56) Life:
Life encompasses health, growth, and well-being. Ayurvedic practices aim to enhance life quality by addressing holistic health, emphasizing the importance of maintaining respiratory health to ensure children's development and vitality.

57) Oil:
Oils derived from medicinal plants are often utilized in Ayurvedic treatments for their therapeutic properties. These oils can enhance respiratory function and provide relief from symptoms of respiratory disorders in children.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Management of respiratory disorders in children’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Inula racemosa, Ayurvedic medicine, Chronic Bronchitis, Bronchodilator, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Pushkarmuladi Churna, Aconitum heterophylum, Respiratory disorder, Expectorant properties.

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