Status of animal-based traditional healing in indigenous medicine
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Present status of traditional healing with animals and animal products in indigenous medicine – a literature review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. P. V. Thillany, Dr. V. Sathiyaseelan and V. Dilan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Present status of traditional healing with animals and animal products in indigenous medicine – a literature review
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20204-17070
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
Indigenous medicine, a cornerstone of global health practices, has historically relied on a variety of natural resources, including plants, minerals, and animals. Among these, animal products have been utilized for therapeutic purposes across cultures. This study, undertaken by Dr. P. V. Thillany and colleagues, aims to catalog the use of animals from the animal kingdom in traditional medicine as described in Indigenous Medicine texts, highlighting their significance in treating human ailments and emphasizing the urgent need for further research in this area.
2) The Role of Zootherapy in Indigenous Medicine
A key concept derived from the study is "zootherapy," which refers to the use of animals or animal products as medicine. This practice has a long-standing history and is evident in the use of various animal parts, such as bones, flesh, urine, and secretions, in therapeutic formulations. Despite the prevalence of animal-based treatments, extensive documentation and scientific validation of these practices have lagged behind those of plant-based remedies. The study underscores the necessity for more comprehensive research in zootherapy to explore its potential benefits and applications, acknowledging the rich tradition of utilizing animal derivatives in healing rituals and preparations.
3) Classification of Animal Products in Traditional Medicine
The research identifies approximately 128 animals from six major phyla of the animal kingdom that are utilized in Indigenous practices. Among these, Chordata is the most significant, particularly the Class Mammalia. The study categorizes the types of animal parts used for medicinal purposes, which include flesh, bones, secretions, and excretions, among others. Notably, the analysis shows a marked reliance on raw materials and fresh parts, indicating a deep-rooted tradition of employing various animal products in herbal and other therapeutic formulations. This classification is pivotal for understanding the biodiversity inherent in traditional medicinal practices and the specific roles of different animal contributions in patient care.
4) Chemical Constituents and Medicinal Applications
Another significant component of the study is the examination of the chemical constituents derived from animal sources. Materials from animal secretions and hard particles like shells comprise a range of biologically active compounds that contribute to their medicinal efficacy. For example, substances derived from animal parts are formulated into various products such as medicated oils, powders, and ointments, each serving specific therapeutic purposes. The study highlights the importance of analyzing these constituents to better understand their roles in Indigenous medicine and suggests that further investigation could reveal new pharmaceutical applications.
5) Conclusion
In conclusion, the study emphasizes the richness of Indigenous medicine, particularly in the realm of animal-based therapies, which currently constitute 15-20% of Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. As many traditional practices face the threat of extinction due to modernization and lack of documentation, it becomes crucial to preserve this knowledge. Increased research efforts, interdisciplinary collaboration, and comprehensive documentation can help revitalize the use of animal-derived substances in traditional medicine, ensuring that valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of the animal kingdom are not lost. This focus not only promotes human health but also aligns with the principles of sustainable resource management and conservation biology.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on traditional healing?
The study investigates the use of animals and their products in Indigenous Medicine, analyzing about 128 animal species and their therapeutic applications as documented in traditional texts.
How many animal phyla were identified in traditional medicine?
The study identified six phyla utilized in Indigenous Medicine: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Chordata, and Arthropoda, with Chordata being the most frequently used.
What types of animal parts are commonly used in healing?
Common animal parts used include flesh, bones, bile, urine, and various secretions, with fresh parts being predominantly utilized in medicinal formulations.
What chemicals are derived from animal products in medicine?
Animal products contain chemicals such as ambrein, cholesterol, and various fatty acids, which play a significant role in their therapeutic actions.
What are the main therapeutic actions of animal derivatives?
Animal derivatives primarily act on the digestive system as demulcents, and on the cardiac system as stimulants, contributing to various health benefits.
Why is research on animal-based traditional medicine important?
Research on animal-based traditional medicine is crucial for preserving knowledge, understanding biodiversity, and integrating such practices into modern healthcare and sustainability efforts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Status of animal-based traditional healing in indigenous medicine”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Animal:
The plural form 'animals' indicates multiple members of the Animalia kingdom. Their relevance in indigenous medicine lies in their diverse uses, where various species and their parts, such as bones, skin, or secretions, serve as key ingredients in medicinal preparations, showcasing cultural practices in healthcare.
2) Medicine:
'Medicines' are substances used for treating illnesses or conditions. They can originate from both plants and animals. This term highlights the role of animal products in traditional healing, showcasing their critical function in therapeutic formulations across various indigenous medical systems.
3) Study (Studying):
A 'study' involves systematic investigation aimed at discovering new facts or principles. In this context, the study examines the traditional uses of animals in indigenous medicine, providing insights into the medicinal properties of animal parts and substances, supporting the need for scientific validation of these practices.
4) Human body:
The 'human body' is the physical structure of a human organism, encompassing various systems (e.g., digestive, cardiovascular). In traditional healing practices discussed in the literature, animal products are often utilized for their effects on these systems, emphasizing the interconnectedness of animal-derived substances with human health.
5) Science (Scientific):
The term 'scientific' pertains to knowledge based on the systematic study of the natural world. The document advocates for a scientific approach to validate traditional uses of animals in medicine, highlighting the need for rigorous research to support and extend former practices in modern medical contexts.
6) Powder:
'Powder' refers to a solid material that has been finely ground, commonly used in traditional medicine preparations. Medicinal powders, often derived from animal and plant sources, serve various therapeutic purposes, illustrating the practices of zootherapy and the importance of dosage forms in indigenous healing.
7) Table:
In the document, 'table' refers to a structured format that organizes data—specifically, the classification and details of animals used in traditional medicine. It serves to present information clearly, aiding in analysis and understanding of the various animal species and their medicinal roles.
8) Field:
'Fields' refers to various areas of study or interests. In the context of the document, it implies the interdisciplinary approach necessary for researching traditional medicine, where knowledge from zoology, pharmacology, ecology, and anthropology converge to enhance understanding of animal-based treatments.
9) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' refers to the information and understanding gained through experience or education. In the document, the importance of documenting and preserving traditional knowledge of animal uses in medicine is stressed, as it serves as a foundational aspect of indigenous healing practices and their relevance today.
10) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
Sri Lanka, an island nation in South Asia, is the geographical context of the study. Traditional healing practices prevalent in Sri Lanka incorporate animal products, showcasing the cultural significance of zootherapy in the region, and reflecting the country's rich biodiversity and historical reliance on natural remedies.
11) Horn:
The singular term 'horn' refers to an individual bony projection from animals, often used in medicinal formulations. The specific mention of horns emphasizes their role in traditional medicine, denoting various applications of animal products in health care systems and the cultural practices surrounding their usage.
12) Oil:
'Oils' are viscous liquids derived from plants or animals, widely used in traditional medicine. The document discusses the therapeutic applications of medicated oils, which are instrumental in various formulations, showcasing their significance in treating ailments through topical application and systemic effects.
13) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the examination and interpretation of findings. In the document, it emphasizes the need for scholarly investigation into the roles of animals in traditional medicine, advocating for greater understanding and validation of zootherapeutic practices amid a backdrop of modern medicinal approaches.
14) Disease:
The term 'disease' denotes a disruption of normal bodily functions, resulting in health complications. The relevance in the context emphasizes the therapeutic potential of animal-derived substances in mitigating diseases, illustrating traditional knowledge's role in medical practice and the shared human experience of seeking cures.
15) Siddha:
Siddha is a traditional South Indian system of medicine that integrates the use of herbs, minerals, and animal products. In the context, Siddha is significant for its incorporation of animal derivatives in therapeutic practices, reflecting the holistic approach to health prevalent in indigenous medicine.
16) Drug:
A 'drug' is a substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. This term encompasses both synthetic and natural (including animal-derived) substances in the context of traditional medicine, underscoring the relevance of animal products in addressing various health challenges.
17) Hair:
'Hair' refers to the thin strands that grow from the skin of animals or humans. In traditional medicine, animal hair may be used for specific healing practices or as components in certain formulations, highlighting the resourcefulness in utilizing all parts of animals for medicinal purposes.
18) Substance:
The singular 'substance' denotes a specific material with identified properties. In context, it reflects the various animal products utilized in traditional medicine, illustrating their biochemical significance and therapeutic potential in treating ailments within indigenous health systems.
19) Mineral:
'Mineral' is a singular term referring to a naturally occurring inorganic substance crucial for body processes. The connection with traditional medicine is pertinent, as minerals often complement animal-based therapies, creating a holistic approach to healing and indicating a broad spectrum of treatment options.
20) Incense:
'Incense' refers to aromatic biotic materials that release fragrant smoke when burned. In traditional contexts, incense may be used during rituals or for its aromatic properties, linking it to spiritual practices in medicine. While not animal-derived, its mention highlights cultural dimensions of healing.
21) Zoology:
'Zoology' is the scientific study of animals, encompassing their biology, behavior, and interactions. The document's emphasis on zoology connects it to the investigation of animal-derived substances in traditional medicine, advocating for further research in understanding the therapeutic roles of various animal species.
22) Gelatin:
'Gelatin' is a protein derived from collagen obtained from animal tissues. In traditional medicine, gelatin may be used for its therapeutic properties and is often included in various formulations, highlighting the use of animal derivatives in achieving specific health outcomes and therapeutic effects.
23) Insect:
The term 'insect' refers to a specific class of arthropods, many of which have found uses in traditional medicine. The discussion of insects emphasizes their roles in indigenous healing practices, showcasing the diversity of animal products utilized for therapeutic purposes.
24) Bhasma (Bhasman):
'Bhasma' refers to an Ayurvedic term for ash derived from metals, minerals, or organic materials, sometimes including animal components. Its relevance in traditional medicine lies in the belief that bhasma carries transformative properties, often used in treatments, thus underlining the unique aspects of indigenous practices.
25) Indian:
'Indian' pertains to anything related to India, a country with rich traditions in medicinal practices, including the use of animal products. The document refers to indigenous systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha, highlighting the cultural significance of these approaches in Indian healthcare.
26) Campu:
The word 'Campu' appears to be a typographical or contextual variation of 'Campus,' which refers to the physical grounds of educational institutions where studies—including those on indigenous medicine—are conducted. It signifies the role of academic institutions in bridging traditional and modern medicine.
27) Glass:
'Glass' in this context may allude to laboratory glassware used for scientific analysis in the research of traditional medicines. It symbolizes the methodology used to study the biochemical properties of animal products and their potential applications in modern medical practices.
28) Honey:
'Honey' is a sweet substance produced by bees, recognized for its medicinal properties across cultures. Its mention highlights the use of natural substances in traditional medicine, showcasing honey's role as an expectorant and its holistic benefits in health treatments.
29) Pearl:
'Pearl' refers to a hard, shiny object produced within the shells of certain mollusks. In traditional practices, pearls can be ground into powder and used for medicinal purposes, illustrating the comprehensive range of animal-derived materials that are valued in indigenous healing traditions.
30) Blood:
'Blood' is a vital fluid in animals that carries oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. In traditional medicine, animal blood may be utilized for its nutritional and therapeutic properties, highlighting its role in various cultural practices that use body fluids as healing substances.
31) Bile:
'Bile' refers to a digestive fluid produced by the liver. In traditional medicine, bile is recognized for its medicinal applications, possibly used in formulations to aid digestion or detoxification, reflecting the diverse applications of animal-derived substances in health treatments.
32) Line:
'Line' could refer to a lineage or tradition of medicinal practices passed down through generations. It emphasizes the historical context of using animals in indigenous medicine, underlining the need to preserve this knowledge as it forms a crucial aspect of cultural heritage.
33) Worm:
'Worm' refers to various elongated invertebrates belonging to multiple biological groups. In traditional medicine, worms, especially medicinal leeches, are noted for their therapeutic roles, illustrating the complexity and breadth of animal contributions to indigenous health practices.
34) Milk:
'Milk' is a nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals. In traditional medicine, cow's milk and other animal milks are often used for their health benefits, reflecting cultural practices that emphasize nutrition derived from animal products as significant contributors to healing and wellness.
35) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' is a mineral substance essential for many biological functions. In traditional medicine, salt is recognized for its preservative and therapeutic uses, often involved in treatments that illustrate the intersection of dietary and medicinal roles in indigenous healing paradigms.
36) Dog:
'Dogs' refer to domesticated animals that have been associated with humans for thousands of years. In traditional medicine, elements derived from dogs, including their body parts, may have specific applications, emphasizing the diversity of animal contributions to health practices and the cultural beliefs around them.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Status of animal-based traditional healing in indigenous medicine’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal preparation, Traditional knowledge, Therapeutics, Animal-products, Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, Cultural practice, Sustainable development, Medicinal leeches, Indigenous medicine, Chemical constituent, Traditional healing, Biodiversity.
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