Quantifying formaldehyde in cosmetics using fast liquid chromatography.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Accurate quantification of formaldehyde in selected cosmetics by fast liquid chromatography (fast lc)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Dr. Sushama Raju Ambadekar and Deepak Baburao Nikam
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Accurate quantification of formaldehyde in selected cosmetics by fast liquid chromatography (fast lc)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20204-17223
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Formaldehyde is a recognized carcinogen commonly used as a preservative in various cosmetic products, such as nail paints and shampoos. The danger associated with its use arises from potential health risks, including irritation, allergic reactions, and chronic exposure leading to serious ailments like cancer. Regulatory limits on formaldehyde concentration exist globally to protect consumers, yet inadequate quantification methods have led to concerns over safety standards. This study presents the development and validation of a fast liquid chromatography (Fast LC) method for the accurate quantification of formaldehyde in selected cosmetic products, addressing the need for a specific and efficient analytical technique.
Importance of Derivatization Method
One critical concept presented in this research is the derivatization of formaldehyde. Due to the lack of an intrinsic chromophore, formaldehyde cannot be analyzed directly using standard chromatographic techniques. The researchers employed 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) as a derivatizing agent, allowing formaldehyde to convert into a UV-absorbing derivative. By conducting the separation on a C18 column and detecting at 365 nm, the study achieved high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ppm and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 ppm. This derivatization technique is not only crucial for quantifying formaldehyde but also enhances the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Validation of Analytical Method
Another significant aspect of the study is the method validation process conducted in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The validation demonstrated the method's specificity, accuracy, and precision for formaldehyde quantification. Different parameters were analyzed, including repeatability, robustness, and stability, confirming that the method is suitable for routine analysis of cosmetic products. The method showed excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0.008 to 0.06 ppm, alongside a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9994). This level of validation is essential as it establishes confidence in the findings and ensures compliance with regulatory standards.
Results of Formaldehyde Content in Cosmetics
The study culminated in the analysis of several cosmetic products, revealing substantial amounts of formaldehyde in certain items. Among the tested products, nail paints exhibited formaldehyde levels as high as 4080 ppm, significantly exceeding permissible limits set by regulatory bodies, such as the European Cosmetics Regulation, which allows a maximum of 50000 ppm in nail care products. These findings raise concerns about consumer safety and highlight the need for stringent monitoring and control measures in the cosmetic industry to reduce formaldehyde exposure and prevent potential health hazards.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research successfully established a rapid and sensitive Fast LC method for the quantification of formaldehyde in cosmetic products, demonstrating its efficacy through thorough validation. The results highlighted alarming levels of formaldehyde in numerous tested cosmetics, underscoring the importance of ongoing surveillance and enforcement of safety regulations. The methodology developed can serve as a valuable tool for future analyses of various products, ensuring that consumer safety remains a priority in the cosmetics and personal care industry. The study ultimately calls for increased awareness and regulatory action to mitigate the risks associated with formaldehyde in cosmetic formulations.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What method was developed for quantifying formaldehyde in cosmetics?
A rapid and sensitive Fast Liquid Chromatography (Fast LC) method was developed for quantifying formaldehyde in selected cosmetic products through derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, allowing for specific detection at 365 nm.
What is the significance of formaldehyde in cosmetic products?
Formaldehyde is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent microbial growth but poses serious health risks, including irritation, allergic reactions, and potential carcinogenic effects with chronic exposure.
What are the allowable limits of formaldehyde in cosmetics?
The maximum allowable limit for formaldehyde is 5% in nail care products and 0.2% in other cosmetics, according to regulations in various jurisdictions, including European and ASEAN countries.
What were the key findings regarding formaldehyde content in tested products?
The study revealed that some cosmetic products contained formaldehyde levels close to 5000 ppm, significantly exceeding the defined tolerance levels, highlighting the need for regular monitoring.
What were the limits of detection and quantification in the study?
The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.005 ppm, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.008 ppm, indicating the method's high sensitivity for trace analysis.
How does the method ensure specificity during analysis?
The method’s specificity was validated by demonstrating no interference from the diluent, formaldehyde standard solutions, and other substances within the sample matrix, ensuring accurate quantification of formaldehyde.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Quantifying formaldehyde in cosmetics using fast liquid chromatography.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table in a scientific paper presents organized data for easy reference. In this study, tables outline allowable levels of formaldehyde in cosmetics, validation parameters, and findings related to formaldehyde content in various cosmetic products. They provide a structured way to compare measurements and results clearly for readers.
2) Water:
Water is often used as a solvent in laboratory analyses, including in this study of formaldehyde in cosmetics. It assists in dissolving sample components, allowing for proper derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The study emphasizes water's critical role in sample preparation and successful chromatographic analysis.
3) Study (Studying):
The study focuses on the quantification of formaldehyde in cosmetic products using fast liquid chromatography. It examines the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the developed method and assesses various cosmetic samples for their formaldehyde content, highlighting the health risks associated with exposure to this hazardous chemical.
4) Performance:
Performance in this study refers to the effectiveness of the fast liquid chromatography method developed for analyzing formaldehyde. Results show that the method meets established validation criteria, demonstrating high sensitivity, reliability, and robustness. Performance is crucial in ensuring the method can consistently yield accurate quantifications across all samples.
5) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. This research exemplifies scientific inquiry by applying chemical analysis techniques to assess health hazards posed by formaldehyde in cosmetics. The methodology used reflects the scientific rigor necessary to validate findings and contribute to public health knowledge.
6) Noise:
In the context of analytical methods, noise refers to random fluctuations in the signal that can affect measurement accuracy. High signal-to-noise ratios are critical for reliable quantification. In this study, low noise levels enhance detection capabilities for trace amounts of formaldehyde, ensuring accurate evaluation of cosmetic products.
7) Cancer:
Cancer is a significant health risk associated with formaldehyde exposure, as it is classified as a carcinogen. The study's focus on accurately measuring formaldehyde in cosmetics is vital given its potential to contribute to carcinogenic health effects. Understanding these risks can guide regulatory actions and consumer safety measures.
8) India:
The research is conducted in India, highlighting its relevance to the country's cosmetic regulations and safety assessments. Given the widespread use of formaldehyde as a preservative in cosmetics worldwide, findings from this study are essential for Indian regulators and manufacturers while ensuring public health protection.
9) Measurement:
Measurement is a fundamental aspect of this study, which quantifies the levels of formaldehyde in various cosmetic products. Precision in measuring concentrations allows researchers to determine compliance with safety standards and assess the potential health impacts. Accurate measurements are crucial for validating the analytical method utilized.
10) Discussion:
The discussion section of a scientific paper interprets the results, placing them in the context of existing research and regulatory standards. In this study, it highlights the implications of detected formaldehyde levels, aligns findings with health risks, and suggests necessary actions to improve consumer safety regarding cosmetics.
11) Irritation:
Irritation refers to symptoms caused by exposure to substances like formaldehyde, which can affect skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. The study notes that formaldehyde in cosmetics can lead to irritation among users. Understanding these effects emphasizes the importance of monitoring formaldehyde levels in cosmetic products for safety.
12) Drowsiness:
Drowsiness is one of the adverse effects associated with exposure to formaldehyde, among other symptoms. Its inclusion in the study demonstrates the broader health implications of chronic exposure to formaldehyde in cosmetics. The research aims to inform consumers and regulators about the potential health hazards involved.
13) Quality:
Quality in the context of cosmetics encompasses safety, efficacy, and absence of harmful substances. This study contributes to quality assurance by developing a reliable method for quantifying formaldehyde in cosmetic products, ensuring that products meet safety standards and do not pose health risks to consumers.
14) Nausea:
Nausea is a possible health reaction linked to formaldehyde exposure, which is relevant in this study evaluating the safety of cosmetics. Chronic exposure can lead to serious symptoms, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing and regulation of formaldehyde levels in cosmetic products to protect consumer health.
15) Purity:
Purity refers to the absence of contaminants or harmful substances in products. In this study, the focus on quantifying formaldehyde ensures that cosmetic products are pure and safe for consumers. Maintaining high purity levels is vital for product quality and adherence to safety regulations.
16) Dabar:
Dabar is a brand mentioned in the study that produces cosmetic products. Analyzing specific brands, such as Dabar’s toothpaste, allows for the evaluation of formaldehyde levels across different products, illustrating the relevance of this research to consumer safety and awareness regarding harmful substances in daily-use items.
17) Cina:
China is referenced in the context of cosmetic regulations and allowable formaldehyde limits. Understanding international standards, such as those from China, aids in comparing and assessing the safety of cosmetic products globally. The study outcomes contribute to ongoing discussions about regulatory harmonization and consumer protection.
18) Osha (Osa):
OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, establishes guidelines for occupational exposure to hazardous substances like formaldehyde. This study’s relevance is heightened by citing OSHA regulations, as it underscores the importance of monitoring formaldehyde levels in consumer products, thereby influencing workplace safety standards and practices.
19) Food:
Food refers to another category of consumer products potentially affected by formaldehyde and relevant to this study's findings. The analytical methods developed for cosmetics may also apply to food products to ensure their safety from formaldehyde contamination. This broadens the implications for health safeguarding in various consumer industries.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Quantifying formaldehyde in cosmetics using fast liquid chromatography.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Analytical method, Limit of detection, Limit of quantification, Sample preparation, Health hazard, Chronic exposure, Method validation, Chromatographic condition, Cosmetic product.