Separation and characterization of punica granatum polyphenols.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Separation of polyphenols from high yield polyphenolic extract (hype) of punica granatum by combined chromatographic techniques and their characterization by lc-ms/ms
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Pooja Jaiswal, Kajal Gupta, Tarun Kumar Dasgupta and Priscilla D. Mello
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Separation of polyphenols from high yield polyphenolic extract (hype) of punica granatum by combined chromatographic techniques and their characterization by lc-ms/ms
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20205-17385
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This study focuses on the isolation of polyphenols derived from the High Yield Polyphenolic Extract (HYPE) of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum), which constitutes a significant portion of agricultural waste. The researchers aimed to identify and purify major polyphenolic compounds such as catechin, quercetin, and myricetin using advanced chromatographic techniques, particularly LC-MS/MS. This work is significant as it not only addresses the utilization of agro-waste but also contributes to the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.
Enzyme Pre-treatment and Extraction Process
One of the key concepts in this study is the extraction process using enzyme pre-treatment. The researchers utilized pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes to treat pomegranate peels before extraction. This method involved soaking the peels in an acetate buffer and incubating them at 40°C. Following enzyme treatment, Soxhlet extraction was performed to yield a crude methanolic extract. The importance of this enzymatic pre-treatment is underscored by its ability to enhance the efficiency of extracting polyphenolic compounds, leading to higher yields compared to conventional methods.
Chromatographic Separation Techniques
The study also elaborates on the chromatographic techniques employed for the separation of polyphenols. Using a preparative chromatography approach, a pre-developed gradient system was applied, consisting of acetonitrile and water with a maintained pH of 3.25, to achieve effective separation of the targeted compounds. The use of an Agilent 1100 series LC and LC/MSD Trap VL mass spectrometer allowed for detailed analysis of the isolated fractions. The results demonstrated successful separation of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin, highlighting the efficiency of gradient followed by an isocratic system in obtaining these polyphenols without interference.
Characterization by LC-MS/MS
Further characterization of the isolated polyphenols was conducted using LC-MS/MS techniques. The study examined mass spectra for each compound, identifying specific fragmentation patterns and corresponding molecular ion peaks. The analysis confirmed the presence of the targeted compounds and their purity by comparing the observed MS/MS data with established libraries. This aspect illustrates the effectiveness of incorporating advanced mass spectrometry in the validation and characterization of phytochemicals, thereby ensuring the integrity of the isolated compounds.
Conclusion
The research successfully demonstrates an efficient method for isolating polyphenols from pomegranate waste, with the potential for large-scale applications. By employing a combination of enzymatic pre-treatment and sophisticated chromatographic methods, the study lays the groundwork for the industrial preparation of beneficial phytochemicals like catechin, quercetin, and myricetin. These findings have significant implications for both the valorization of agro-waste and the potential development of health-promoting formulations derived from natural sources.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the main objective of the study on pomegranate peel?
The study aimed to develop a preparative isolation process for polyphenols, specifically catechin, myricetin, and quercetin, from the high yield polyphenolic extract (HYPE) of pomegranate peel, which is a form of agrowaste.
What techniques were used to isolate polyphenols from pomegranate peel?
The study utilized combined chromatographic techniques, including preparative chromatography and LC-MS/MS, to effectively isolate and characterize the polyphenols present in the pomegranate peel extract.
How were the polyphenols extracted from the pomegranate peels?
Polyphenols were extracted from an enzyme pre-treated matrix using pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, followed by Soxhlet extraction, which yielded a concentrated extract for analysis and isolation.
What are the identified polyphenols isolated in this research?
The research successfully isolated three polyphenols: catechin, quercetin, and myricetin, from the waste material of pomegranate peel, which can be valuable for further applications.
What were the extraction yields of the different processes used?
The study reported the yields of different extraction processes, with Soxhlet extraction after enzyme treatment yielding the highest at 4.95 grams from 25 grams of peel powder.
What implications does this study have for future research?
The findings provide a foundation for large-scale preparation of valuable plant polyphenols, especially quercetin and myricetin, from pomegranate waste material, which could lead to new applications in industries.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Separation and characterization of punica granatum polyphenols.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Punica granatum:
Punica granatum is the scientific name for the pomegranate plant, which is known for its rich polyphenolic content. The study focuses on the extraction of polyphenols from its peel, utilizing its agro-waste for potential health benefits. This highlights the importance of sustainable practices in utilizing agricultural by-products.
2) Pomegranate:
Pomegranate is a fruit that is valued for its health benefits, including antioxidant properties attributed to its rich polyphenol content. The study investigates the extraction methods used on pomegranate peel, demonstrating its significance in pharmaceutical research and reinforcing its role in traditional medicine and modern health applications.
3) Water:
Water serves as a solvent during the extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel. In the context of chromatography, it is mixed with organic solvents to achieve necessary polarity for effective separation. The quality of water influences the extraction efficiency and the purity of the isolated compounds.
4) Study (Studying):
The study is a systematic investigation focusing on the isolation and characterization of polyphenols from pomegranate peel. It utilizes chromatographic techniques and analytical methods to derive conclusions about the efficacy of extraction processes. This research contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on natural product chemistry and phytotherapy.
5) India:
India is the geographic context of this research, where pomegranates are cultivated and their by-products often go to waste. The study emphasizes the potential for utilizing agro-waste in India, promoting environmental sustainability and agricultural innovation within the framework of pharmaceutical applications and natural product extraction.
6) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of bioactive compounds, including catechin, quercetin, and myricetin, which are the focus of this research. Their health benefits, particularly as antioxidants, underline the necessity for effective extraction methods from natural sources like pomegranate. This study advances the field of natural product research by isolating these compounds.
7) Table:
Table references within the study organize and summarize experimental data, such as gradient methods for chromatography and extraction yields. These tables facilitate easier comprehension of experimental designs and findings, serving as valuable tools for readers to quickly grasp key information and analytical outcomes.
8) Purification:
Purification refers to the processes involved in isolating specific polyphenolic compounds from crude extracts. The study demonstrates various purification techniques aimed at enhancing the quality and yield of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel, which is essential for further applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
9) Education:
Education in the context of this study pertains to academic and practical knowledge dissemination regarding phytochemistry and pharmacognosy. The research contributes to academic discourse and enhances the curriculum of pharmaceutical education, fostering a deeper understanding of natural products among students and professionals in related fields.
10) Powder:
Powder refers to the dried residue obtained from the extraction and processing of pomegranate peel. In the research, this powdered form is crucial for further analysis and characterization of polyphenols. The transformation from raw material to powder signifies effective extraction and processing methodologies.
11) Pooja:
Pooja refers to the name of the corresponding author of the study. As a key contributor, Pooja Jaiswal's role symbolizes the importance of individual researchers in advancing scientific research and collaboration among interdisciplinary teams within academic institutions focused on pharmaceutical analysis and natural product research.
12) Performance:
Performance in this context relates to the efficiency and effectiveness of the chromatographic techniques employed for the separation of polyphenols. The study assesses various parameters to optimize extraction and purification processes, ultimately aiming for high-performance outcomes in isolating targeted compounds from pomegranate peel.
13) Discussion:
Discussion in the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the findings, comparing results with existing literature, and interpreting the significance of the extracted polyphenols. It fosters a deeper understanding of the implications of the study while addressing limitations and suggesting future research directions.
14) Species:
Species refers to the specific type of plant, in this case, Punica granatum, from which the polyphenols are extracted. Understanding species-specific characteristics is crucial for effective extraction methods and helps in the identification of natural compounds with potential therapeutic benefits in pharmacology.
15) Gupta:
Gupta is a co-author of the study, highlighting the collaborative nature of scientific research. Partnership among researchers from different institutions fosters a diverse knowledge base, contributing to comprehensive studies in pharmaceutical analysis and enhancing the credibility and breadth of the research findings.
16) Kumar:
Kumar is another co-author featured in this research, signifying the teamwork vital for scientific exploration. The presence of multiple authors indicates a collaborative effort in addressing complex issues within pharmaceutical research, emphasizing the importance of diverse expertise in developing innovative extraction techniques.
17) Diet:
Diet relates to the study's emphasis on polyphenols and their health benefits. Integrating polyphenol-rich foods like pomegranate into one's diet may improve health outcomes due to their antioxidant properties. The research supports dietary recommendations for natural sources of beneficial compounds and their potential roles in nutrition and health.
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