Hajar ul yahood (jew’stone) anti-urolithiatic unani mineral drug – review

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Hajar ul yahood (jew’stone) anti-urolithiatic unani mineral drug – review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Mustehasan and Misbahuddin Azhar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Hajar ul yahood (jew’stone) anti-urolithiatic unani mineral drug – review

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20206-17671

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Hajar ul Yahood, known as Jew's Stone or Lapis judaicus, is a mineral drug used in Unani medicine for the treatment of urolithiasis, which refers to the formation of urinary stones. This review explores the traditional usage of Hajar ul Yahood, its therapeutic properties including diuretic and lithotriptic actions, as well as its chemical composition and clinical efficacy. The study also emphasizes the need for further clinical trials to validate its effectiveness on a larger scale.

Therapeutic Properties of Hajar ul Yahood

Hajar ul Yahood is recognized for its therapeutic properties as both a Mufattit-e-Hasat (lithotriptic) and Mudirr-e-Baul (diuretic). It is traditionally recommended for conditions such as renal calculus, anuria, and dysuria. The drug is administered in the form of a powder or in the calx form, often combined with other ingredients like hot water and Roghan Badam Talkh. These properties contribute to its effectiveness in dissolving kidney stones and alleviating associated urinary issues.

Chemical Composition and Action

The elemental analysis of Hajar ul Yahood indicates a significant presence of calcium, magnesium, and silicon, which are believed to play a crucial role in its anti-urolithic properties. In vitro studies suggest that Hajar ul Yahood can reduce the size of calcium oxalate stones. This effect is attributed to magnesium's protective role against calcium oxalate crystal growth. The alkaline nature of Hajar ul Yahood may further inhibit stone production, making it a potential alternative to conventional treatments.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety

A double-blind randomized clinical trial affirmed the efficacy and safety of Hajar ul Yahood in treating renal stones. Results showed a notable decrease in stone size among participants, with some stones completely dissolving. Additionally, changes in urinary biochemical factors indicated improved outcomes without adverse effects on kidney function. A toxicity study also classified its major formulation, Kushta Hajar ul Yahood, as safe, suggesting no significant risks at recommended dosages.

Conclusion

Hajar ul Yahood is a valuable mineral drug in the Unani system for treating urolithiasis, offering a cost-effective alternative to modern surgical treatments. Its established chemical composition and documented clinical efficacy underscore its potential as a non-invasive treatment option for kidney stones. Future clinical trials are warranted to expand on its use and validate its benefits for a broader population, particularly for those seeking solutions with minimal side effects. The integration of Hajar ul Yahood with other Unani formulations may further enhance patient outcomes and reduce recurrence rates of kidney stones.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Hajar ul Yahood and its uses in medicine?

Hajar ul Yahood, also known as Lapis judaicus, is a mineral drug used in Unani medicine for treating urolithiasis. Its properties include being diuretic and lithotriptic, helping in conditions like renal calculus, anuria, and dysuria.

What are the active components and actions of Hajar ul Yahood?

Hajar ul Yahood contains high levels of calcium, magnesium, and silicon. Its actions include lithotriptic (Mufattit-e-Hasat) and diuretic (Mudirr-e-Baul), supporting its use in dissolving kidney stones and facilitating urination.

How is Hajar ul Yahood administered for treatment?

Hajar ul Yahood can be administered as a powder or in the form of calx. Typical dosages are 1-1.5 grams of powder or 125-250 mg of calx, often combined with hot water and oil.

What are the outcomes of clinical trials involving Hajar ul Yahood?

Clinical trials showed that Hajar ul Yahood effectively reduced the size of calcium kidney stones in patients, with some stones completely dissolved. It also improved urine calcium and magnesium concentrations without negatively affecting kidney function.

Are there any safety concerns regarding Hajar ul Yahood?

Toxicity studies indicate that Hajar ul Yahood and its formulations, like Kushta Hajar ul Yahood, are safe at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. However, caution is advised for individuals with liver or spleen issues.

What makes Hajar ul Yahood a cost-effective treatment for urolithiasis?

Hajar ul Yahood offers a safe, natural, and cost-effective alternative to surgical procedures for kidney stones. Its formulations may help minimize recurrence, making it an appealing option compared to expensive modern treatments.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Hajar ul yahood (jew’stone) anti-urolithiatic unani mineral drug – review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Medicine:
Medicines encompass a variety of substances used in treatment, including those derived from traditional practices. Hajar ul Yahood serves as an example of how mineral medicines are integrated into therapeutic strategies within Unani tradition to manage illnesses like urolithiasis effectively.

2) Powder:
In the context of Unani medicine, powder refers to the processed form of medicinal substances, such as Hajar ul Yahood, that can be easily administered. Powders offer a convenient mode of delivery for patients, enabling diverse therapeutic applications, especially in the treatment of conditions like kidney stones.

3) Drug:
Drugs refer to substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease. Within Unani and modern medicinal practices, various drugs—including herbal, animal-derived, and mineral substances like Hajar ul Yahood—are formulated and prescribed based on their therapeutic properties for managing health conditions.

4) Disease:
Diseases encompass various pathological conditions affecting health. The prevalence of urolithiasis necessitates effective treatments; thus, the study and application of drugs in Unani medicine, such as Hajar ul Yahood, become crucial in addressing these widespread healthcare issues through innovative therapeutic approaches.

5) Mineral:
Minerals, as utilized in Unani medicine, are crucial for providing therapeutic actions through their chemical compositions. Hajar ul Yahood represents the integration of mineral-based therapies into treatment protocols for urolithiasis, emphasizing their historical and cultural significance in healing practices.

6) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological studies investigate the interactions and effects of drugs on biological systems. Research on Hajar ul Yahood delves into its pharmacological actions, validating its efficacy and safety in treating conditions such as kidney stones, bridging the gap between traditional practices and modern scientific inquiry.

7) Toxicity:
Toxicity assessment defines the safety profile of substances used in treatment. For Hajar ul Yahood and its formulations, studies evaluate potential adverse effects and establish safe dosage levels, ensuring that these Unani medicines can be administered without posing health risks to patients.

8) Animal:
Animals are often used in preclinical research to assess the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. Research on Hajar ul Yahood includes studies involving animal models to ensure that its usage is safe before proceeding to human clinical trials, an essential step in drug development.

9) Study (Studying):
Study refers to systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting facts, principles, or theories. In the context of Hajar ul Yahood, various studies, including clinical trials and pharmacological evaluations, provide essential data on its effectiveness and safety in treating urinary stones within Unani medicine.

10) New Delhi:
New Delhi serves as a hub for research in traditional systems of medicine, including Unani. Institutions like the Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine conduct pivotal studies on drugs like Hajar ul Yahood, contributing to the understanding and potential integration of these practices into mainstream healthcare.

11) Science (Scientific):
Scientific approaches apply rigorous methodologies to study and validate traditional treatments. The scientific evaluation of Hajar ul Yahood investigates its efficacy and safety, contributing to a wider acceptance of Unani remedies through substantiated evidence over anecdotal usage in healthcare.

12) Kulya:
Kulya, or kidney, is crucial in the context of urolithiasis as this condition specifically affects renal function. Unani medicine employs drugs like Hajar ul Yahood targeting renal calculi, illustrating how traditional practitioners address diseases impacting vital organs through their therapeutic arsenal.

13) Delhi:
Delhi is a significant center for research and practice in traditional medicines like Unani. The Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, located here, plays an integral role in investigating and validating therapies such as Hajar ul Yahood for conditions like urolithiasis, promoting holistic healthcare.

14) India:
India serves as a key location for the practice and research of traditional medicines such as Unani. Conditions like urolithiasis are prevalent in the population, spurring the need for alternative therapeutic options like Hajar ul Yahood, which are rooted in India's rich medicinal heritage.

15) Water:
Water is essential for bodily functions and often used as a medium in the preparation of herbal and mineral medicines. In the context of Hajar ul Yahood, water is employed to dissolve the mineral for oral administration, aiding in the treatment of urolithiasis by facilitating its therapeutic actions.

16) Blood:
Blood analysis helps in monitoring various health parameters and the effects of treatments. In clinical studies on Hajar ul Yahood, blood samples are analyzed to assess any biochemical changes, contributing to understanding the drug's safety and impact on overall health during treatment for kidney stones.

17) Ovid:
Ovid is a significant database for medical literature, including studies relevant to pharmacology and traditional medicine. Research on Hajar ul Yahood may utilize Ovid to gather existing literature, ensuring that findings are grounded in comprehensive reviews of scholarly work.

18) Sang:
Sang is a Persian term for stone. In the context of Hajar ul Yahood, Sang refers to the product's mineral composition that plays an essential role in treating conditions like urolithiasis. Understanding Sang aids in studying the therapeutic properties and applications of this Unani drug.

19) Male:
The term male, when referring to the types of Hajar ul Yahood, distinguishes between morphological variations of the mineral. These differences affect the potency and therapeutic uses of the mineral in treating kidney stones, highlighting the nuances within Unani resources.

20) Market place:
Market place refers to locations where medicinal products, including Hajar ul Yahood, are sold. Access to these medicines in market places is vital for individuals pursuing traditional treatments for urolithiasis, connecting cultural practices with consumer health choices.

21) Afghanistan:
Afghanistan is a region where traditional medicines, including Hajar ul Yahood, are prominently utilized. The availability of such mineral substances in the local market supports the continued practice of Unani medicine, addressing ailments like kidney stones prevalent in various populations.

22) Activity:
Activity refers to the effectiveness of a substance in producing a desired physiological response. The pharmacological activity of Hajar ul Yahood in dissolving kidney stones highlights its therapeutic capabilities, validating its usage in Unani medicine for treating urolithiasis through empirical investigation.

23) Surface:
Surface characteristics of minerals can influence their interactions and solubility in biological systems. The surface properties of Hajar ul Yahood may affect its pharmacological activity in dissolving kidney stones, indicating how physical attributes contribute to therapeutic efficacy.

24) Nature:
Nature of a substance refers to its essential qualities or characteristics. The nature of Hajar ul Yahood, as established through chemical composition and pharmacological studies, contributes to its role in treating urolithiasis, reinforcing the importance of understanding a substance's inherent properties in medicine.

25) Riding:
Riding, in reference to the AMU Riding Club mentioned in the context, may indicate cultural or recreational aspects tied to herbal practice communities. These social interactions can facilitate the sharing of medicinal knowledge and the promotion of traditional treatments within local settings.

26) Amara:
Amara references the oil of Prunus amara, a component stated to enhance the effectiveness of Hajar ul Yahood when treating urolithiasis. The use of synergistic formulations highlights the integrative approach in Unani medicine, aiming for a multi-faceted strategy in managing health conditions.

27) Badam:
Badam refers to almond and may implicate dietary considerations necessary for patients undergoing treatments with Hajar ul Yahood. Understanding dietary adjuncts can enhance the overall therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance in Unani medicine practices, reinforcing the holistic nature of health management.

28) Honey:
Honey is recognized in Unani medicine for its therapeutic benefits and is included as a corrective in treatments with Hajar ul Yahood. Its properties may enhance the efficacy and palatability of mineral treatments, showcasing the multifaceted approach to patient care within traditional medicine.

29) Syria (Syrian):
Syria represents a geographical region known for rich traditional medical practices, including the use of minerals like Hajar ul Yahood. The historical context of these remedies in this area contributes to the broader knowledge and cultural validity of Unani therapies in managing conditions such as urolithiasis.

30) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is one of the vernacular languages where terms related to medicinal practices are documented. Understanding the native vernacular extends access to knowledge about remedies like Hajar ul Yahood, reinforcing the importance of language in disseminating traditional medical wisdom among diverse populations.

31) Fish:
Fish are referenced metaphorically in describing the characteristics of Hajar ul Yahood, likening its appearance to fish scales. Such descriptive analogies strengthen the connection between traditional knowledge and natural observations, aiding in the historical understanding and classification of medicinal resources.

32) Line:
Line refers to the parallel markings on the surface of Hajar ul Yahood, indicative of its unique properties. These morphological features can influence its identity and therapeutic applications in Unani medicine, demonstrating the significance of physical characteristics in resource identification and utilization.

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Clinical trial, Pharmacological activities, Urolithiasis, Elemental analysis, Toxicological studies, Important formulation.

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