Review on Murraya koenigii: its nutrition and medicinal health benefits.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on indian traditional herb murraya koenigii it’s nutritive & medicinal properties in human health management
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Habeeba Shaikh, Siddiqua Shaikh and Dr. Priya Rao
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review on indian traditional herb murraya koenigii it’s nutritive & medicinal properties in human health management
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20206-17613
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf or kari patta, is a significant culinary and medicinal plant native to India, Sri Lanka, and other South Asian countries. Belonging to the Rutaceae family, it has been an integral component of Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. The plant is celebrated for its myriad health benefits, including its use in traditional remedies for various ailments. This review captures the nutritional and medicinal aspects of M. koenigii, detailing its pharmacognostic features, biochemical composition, and notable biological activities like antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects.
Nutritional and Chemical Composition
M. koenigii is rich in essential nutrients and organic compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and sterols. The leaves contain proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and carotenoids, contributing to their nutritive properties. The essential oils extracted from the plant reveal the presence of compounds such as D-sabinene, α-terpinol, and caryophyllene, which are responsible for its distinctive aroma and potential therapeutic effects. Through extensive phytochemical analysis, the plant's chemical constituents have been linked to its various pharmacological activities.
Pharmacological Activities
The pharmacological properties of M. koenigii are extensive and diverse. The plant exhibits significant anti-diabetic activity, particularly through the action of the alkaloid mahanimbine, which helps lower blood glucose levels by enhancing insulin effects. Additionally, the plant's extracts demonstrate potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Specific compounds extracted from the leaves have shown noteworthy effectiveness against various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, as well as potential tumor-inhibiting properties in cancer models.
Health Benefits and Applications
Beyond its pharmacological activities, M. koenigii is used in various traditional treatments. It serves as a remedy for conditions such as bronchial disorders, digestive issues, and skin diseases. Recent studies have highlighted its hepatoprotective effects, showing potential in protecting liver cells from damage due to toxins. The plant has applications in cosmeceuticals, where its moisturizing and sun protection properties are utilized in skin care products. Furthermore, its antimicrobial compounds have been incorporated into oral hygiene products to combat dental caries.
Conclusion
Murraya koenigii stands out as a plant of significant medicinal value, with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Its diverse pharmacological activities, attributed to a rich profile of bioactive compounds, underscore its potential as a therapeutic agent for various health conditions. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental factors on its bioactive constituents and exploring its applications in modern medicine. This plant not only contributes to culinary traditions but also offers a pathway for developing potent natural remedies, emphasizing its importance in healthcare.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Murraya koenigii and its common names?
Murraya koenigii, known as curry leaf or kari patta, is an aromatic plant native to India and South Asia, commonly used in culinary and traditional medicine.
What are the nutritional benefits of Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii is rich in protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins such as C and A, making it a nutritious addition to diets, especially in traditional dishes.
What pharmacological activities are associated with Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its use in traditional medicine.
How does Murraya koenigii contribute to traditional medicine?
Traditionally, Murraya koenigii is used for treating dysentery, inflammation, skin diseases, and various digestive issues, showcasing its comprehensive medicinal properties.
What are the chemical constituents found in Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils, contributing to its aroma and various therapeutic properties.
How can Murraya koenigii aid in wound healing?
Studies indicate that aqueous extracts of Murraya koenigii enhance wound healing by significantly increasing tensile strength and reducing wound area compared to controls.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review on Murraya koenigii: its nutrition and medicinal health benefits.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' refers to the various biological responses exhibited by compounds derived from Murraya koenigii, which include antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Understanding these activities is crucial for exploring the potential therapeutic applications of the plant in traditional medicine and its usefulness in pharmacological studies.
2) Species:
In the context of Murraya koenigii, 'Species' refers to the specific biological classification of the plant within the Rutaceae family. Accurate identification of species is vital in ethnobotany for determining the medicinal properties associated with different plants, ensuring proper use in traditional remedies and scientific research.
3) Pharmacological:
The term 'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. In the case of Murraya koenigii, pharmacological research focuses on understanding how its bioactive compounds interact within the body, signaling potential health benefits and therapeutic applications in treating various diseases.
4) Cancer:
Cancer signifies a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Murraya koenigii has shown potential anticancer properties, highlighting its bioactive compounds' role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Understanding these properties can lead to the development of natural therapeutics or adjuncts in cancer treatment.
5) Indian:
The term 'Indian' relates to the geographical and cultural context of Murraya koenigii, which is native to India. This highlights the plant's significance within Indian culinary traditions and Ayurveda, showcasing its long-standing role in traditional medicine as well as modern pharmacognosy.
6) Sugar:
Sugar refers to simple carbohydrates that serve as energy sources. Murraya koenigii has been associated with blood sugar regulation, particularly through compounds that may influence glucose metabolism. This relationship underscores the herb's significance in managing diabetes and promoting overall metabolic health.
7) Table:
The term 'Table' typically indicates a structured format displaying data or information. In the context of Murraya koenigii, tables summarizing chemical constituents, nutritional values, and biological activities provide a clear overview of the plant's properties, facilitating easier understanding and reference for researchers and practitioners.
8) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Similar to 'Anti-bacterial,' 'Antibacterial' emphasizes the plant's activity against bacterial infections. Understanding these attributes is vital for pharmacological development and for fostering a deeper awareness of how traditional medicine can contribute to modern antimicrobial strategies.
9) Disease:
Similar to 'Diseases,' the term 'Disease' refers to specific health disorders. The study of Murraya koenigii highlights its potential to alleviate various diseases through its medicinal properties, stressing the importance of research in understanding how natural products can enhance health and treat specific conditions.
10) Blood:
Blood is the vital fluid circulating in the body, responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients. Murraya koenigii has been noted for its effects on blood sugar levels, insinuating potential benefits for conditions like diabetes, demonstrating the plant's relevance in physiological and therapeutic contexts.
11) Karin (Kari):
Kari, derived from the Tamil word, refers to a spiced sauce traditionally used in Indian cuisine. It signifies the cultural culinary context of Murraya koenigii, emphasizing its importance as a flavoring agent, reflecting on how traditional uses can drive interest in its therapeutic potential.
12) Drug:
The mention of 'Drugs' in this context refers to substances used for treating diseases. Murraya koenigii is of interest for its potential in yielding natural drugs. This underscores the growing importance of herbal medicine in drug development amidst concerns over synthetic alternatives.
13) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are bioactive compounds found in plants with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Murraya koenigii's flavonoid content may contribute to its medicinal benefits, warranting further study on their role in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases.
14) Medicine:
The term 'Medicine' encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. Murraya koenigii is a subject of interest in medicinal studies, highlighting the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific investigation into herbal remedies.
15) Kannada:
Kannada is a language spoken in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is relevant in understanding the regional uses and cultural significance of plants like Murraya koenigii, illustrating how traditional knowledge across different linguistic backgrounds contributes to the plant's medicinal applications.
16) Pravara:
Pravara refers to an educational institution or locality. The mention of Pravara in the study indicates the academic and research background of the authors, enhancing credibility and providing context regarding the environment from which the research is conducted.
17) Family:
In biological taxonomy, 'Family' refers to a higher classification of plants. Murraya koenigii belongs to the Rutaceae family, which provides insight into its characteristics, relationships, and potential benefits derived from other species within the same family, enhancing research in pharmacognosy.
18) Water:
Water is essential for life and is often involved in extraction processes for medicinal compounds. Its mention in the study implies the importance of extracting bioactive compounds from Murraya koenigii, highlighting the need for appropriate solvents to obtain desired medicinal properties.
19) Death:
The term 'Death' could relate to the adverse effects or outcomes of untreated diseases. Murraya koenigii's pharmacological properties may play a role in preventing death from ailments, emphasizing the importance of continued research in developing therapeutic agents that could potentially save lives.
20) Tamil:
Tamil refers to a language and culture native to Tamil Nadu, India. The relevance here signifies the regional history and cultural practices involving Murraya koenigii, enhancing the understanding of how traditional uses inform modern applications and research into herbal medicine.
21) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes a high concentration of beneficial nutrients or compounds. Murraya koenigii is described as rich in various phytochemicals, illustrating its potential as a significant source of natural remedies, encouraging further investigation into its properties and health benefits.
22) Shri-lanka (Srilanka, Sri-lanka, Shrilanka):
Sri Lanka's mention reflects the geographical distribution of Murraya koenigii, connecting its significance not only in Indian but also Sri Lankan traditional medicine. This highlights the shared cultural practices and exploration of the plant’s benefits across different regions in South Asia.
23) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology involves studying the effects and mechanisms of drugs within biological systems. Research on Murraya koenigii explores its biochemical interactions, affirming the plant's place in both traditional and modern medicinal practices and guiding the development of new therapeutic agents.
24) Developing:
The term 'Developing' often refers to countries where traditional medicine plays a crucial role in healthcare. Murraya koenigii’s applications have been particularly significant in these regions, underscoring the integration of ancient practices with contemporary health systems to enhance patient care.
25) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a symptom seen in various health conditions. Murraya koenigii's historical use to treat ailments causing vomiting indicates its medicinal relevance, reinforcing the significance of herbal remedies in managing common health issues and laying groundwork for scientific investigations into its effectiveness.
26) Incision:
'Incision' suggests a method used in wound healing studies involving Murraya koenigii. This highlights the plant's potential in promoting tissue repair and recovery, showcasing pharmacological perspectives that explore natural agents in enhancing healing processes.
27) Mineral:
Minerals are essential elements important for human health, particularly in bodily functions and metabolism. Murraya koenigii's mineral content emphasizes its nutritional relevance, increasingly recognized in both culinary and medicinal uses among diverse populations.
28) Nature:
Nature signifies the intrinsic characteristics and behavior of the plant. Murraya koenigii's natural properties, including its essential oils and phytochemicals, are explored for their medicinal benefits, reflecting humanity's long-standing relationship with nature in health and wellness.
29) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka in this context connects to the cultural and geographical relevance of Murraya koenigii, highlighting its significance alongside India. Such relationships inform traditional medicinal practices across South Asia, emphasizing the shared agricultural and historical context of native flora.
30) India:
India is the native home of Murraya koenigii, which underscores the plant's cultural significance in local cuisine and traditional medicine. It represents a pivotal point of study for its medicinal attributes and the historical context of its use across centuries.
31) Genu:
'Genu' generally refers to a knee or an angular structure. Its inclusion in the context might indicate comparisons with anatomical features relevant to studying the effects of Murraya koenigii in various biological studies. However, its specific relevance here may be context-dependent.
32) Carin (Cari):
'Cari' is an alternate spelling associated with curry, linking the culinary use of Murraya koenigii in cooking. Its relevance highlights the culturally embedded nature of the plant and its broader acceptance as both an ingredient and a medicinal herb.
33) Beta:
Typically associated with beta-cells in the pancreas, 'Beta' signifies a connection to blood sugar regulation. Murraya koenigii's effects on beta-cell function shed light on its potential anti-diabetic properties, supporting its use in managing diabetes-related health issues.
34) Food:
Food underscores the nutritional aspect of Murraya koenigii, illustrating its role as both a culinary ingredient and a source of health benefits. Understanding the plant's edibility and nutritional content is crucial in promoting its use for health enhancement and dietary variety.
35) Worm:
Worms typically refer to parasitic organisms affecting humans and animals. Murraya koenigii's potential anti-helminthic properties highlight its use in traditional medicine to combat parasitism, emphasizing the broader relevance of herbal medicine in addressing public health challenges.
36) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants with medicinal effects. Recognizing Murraya koenigii's rich phytochemical composition paves the way for investigating its diverse health applications, confirming the plant as a natural resource for therapeutic uses in modern medicine.
37) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation relates to the build-up of substances, often in the body. In pharmacology, understanding how Murraya koenigii influences the accumulation of impactful compounds could lead to improved therapeutic strategies for managing health conditions impacted by such processes.
38) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury or infection. Murraya koenigii’s anti-inflammatory properties highlight its relevance in treating conditions characterized by inflammation, contributing to its role in health and therapeutic interventions using natural remedies.
39) Leucoderma:
Leucoderma refers to skin conditions characterized by white patches due to pigment loss. Traditional use of Murraya koenigii against this condition underscores its importance in the field of dermatology, warranting scientific investigations into its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms.
40) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing the balance of body, mind, and spirit. Murraya koenigii's long history of use in Ayurveda showcases its cultural significance and reaffirms the importance of integrating traditional knowledge into contemporary health practices.
41) Gujarati:
Gujarati refers to a language spoken in Gujarat, India. The term reflects the regional diversity and affects the understanding of how Murraya koenigii is utilized in various local traditions and remedies across different linguistic cultural backgrounds.
42) Language:
Language denotes the system of communication used by a population. The context of language highlights the regional diversity in understanding and applying Murraya koenigii, connecting cultural practices to the medicinal properties attributed to the plant across different communities.
43) Marathi:
Marathi is a language spoken predominantly in Maharashtra, India. Its significance lies in connecting the cultural and linguistic diversity associated with Murraya koenigii, highlighting regional variations in its use and thereby enriching the understanding of traditional applications in medicine.
44) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language and culture of Bengal, illustrating the importance of Murraya koenigii across diverse regions in India. It emphasizes the plant's integrated role in various traditional health practices and regional cuisines, promoting understanding of its widespread popularity.
45) Itching:
Itching is an uncomfortable skin sensation often signaling a response to irritation or allergies. Murraya koenigii's historical usage for alleviating itching conveys its relevance in treating dermatological conditions, underlining the value of herbal remedies in topical applications.
46) Surface:
Surface relates to the outer layer or boundary of an object or organism. In contexts like wound healing, understanding how Murraya koenigii affects surface healing processes can provide insights into improving recovery outcomes in medical applications.
47) Animal:
Animal denotes living organisms apart from humans. In the context of Murraya koenigii, the impacts observed in animal models can provide valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of the herb's medicinal properties, supporting its use in pharmacological applications.
48) Siddha:
Siddha is a traditional system of medicine that originated in South India. Murraya koenigii's association with Siddha highlights its role within this medical paradigm, showcasing the integration of ancient practices with modern scientific research and fostering respect for holistic health approaches.
49) Nashik:
Nashik is a city in Maharashtra, India, reflecting the geographical relevance of Murraya koenigii. Local cultivation and traditional practices contribute to understanding and promoting the medicinal properties of the plant, reinforcing the regional connection with herbal medicine.
50) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium responsible for various infections. Murraya koenigii's antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus underscores its potential as a natural antibiotic, enhancing the relevance of research into its use as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials.
51) Bitter:
Bitter describes one of the basic tastes often associated with certain medicinal plants, including Murraya koenigii. The bitterness of the leaves can indicate therapeutic properties, traditionally used in herbal medicine to promote digestive health or as a treatment for various ailments.
52) Gold (Golden):
Golden may refer to the golden-brown color associated with cooked curry dishes. The culinary significance of Murraya koenigii and its cultural associations entails exploring how its vibrant color enhances aesthetics in food preparation and its sensory contributions to dishes.
53) Gupta:
Gupta is a common surname in India, potentially referring to researchers or practitioners involved in studying Murraya koenigii. Their contributions can lend credibility to research findings and demonstrate the collaborative efforts in exploring the plant's therapeutic potentials.
54) Priya:
Priya is a common name in India, likely referring to one of the authors or researchers involved in the study of Murraya koenigii. Their expertise brings value to the research, promoting further understanding of the plant's applications in health and medicine.
55) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma signifies the distinctive fragrance associated with Murraya koenigii, which contributes to its culinary and therapeutic appeal. The plant’s aroma can enhance the sensory experience in cooking and reflects the significance of olfactory properties in traditional medicinal applications.
56) Patta:
Patta, meaning 'leaf' in several Indian languages, specifically references the leaves of Murraya koenigii used in cooking and traditional medicine. This highlights the importance of the leaf as the primary part of the plant utilized for flavoring food and various health benefits.
57) Honey:
Honey represents the sweet substance produced by bees, often used in traditional remedies. Its mention alongside Murraya koenigii suggests possible interactions or preparations that combine both components, reflecting the larger context of herbal medicine leveraging synergistic effects for health benefits.
58) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to open sores that can occur in the digestive tract or other body areas. The mention of Murraya koenigii's anti-ulcer properties illustrates its relevance in treating gastrointestinal disorders, highlighting its capacity as a natural remedy for managing ulcers.
59) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi refers to one of the major languages spoken in India, contextualizing the cultural significance of Murraya koenigii across linguistic groups. This emphasizes the plant's importance in traditional practices within various communities and reinforces its culinary and medicinal applications.
60) Oriya:
Oriya, also known as Odia, is the language of the Indian state of Odisha. Its mention indicates the linguistic diversity associated with Murraya koenigii, showcasing regional practices and how local dialects influence the understanding and application of this medicinal plant.
61) Earth:
Earth in this context may signify the natural environment or soil where Murraya koenigii grows. Understanding its cultivation conditions can inform sustainable agricultural practices and contribute to the plant's availability for both culinary and medicinal purposes.
62) Lola:
Lola refers to L-ornithine L-aspartate, a compound often used in liver health studies. Its mention may represent comparative studies involving Murraya koenigii's hepatoprotective properties, enhancing the understanding of how herbal remedies can support liver function and health.
63) Cani:
Cani could reference 'cani' as in canis, relating to dogs; it may symbolize broader studies involving animals. Understanding Murraya koenigii's effects on canine health could enrich veterinary applications and illustrate the plant's versatility across species.
64) Neem:
Neem is a traditional medicinal tree known for its numerous health benefits, often compared with Murraya koenigii. The mention of neem signifies the shared status of these plants as important herbal remedies in traditional medicine, highlighting their relevance in promoting health and well-being.
65) Crop:
Crop denotes agricultural plants cultivated for food or medicine. Murraya koenigii’s classification as a crop highlights its economic importance, underscoring its roles in both regional cuisines and potential medicinal contributions, promoting research on sustainable farming practices.
66) Male:
Male denotes the sex in various species, including humans and animals. The mention in the context of research might relate to gender-specific responses to Murraya koenigii treatment, emphasizing the need to examine variations in therapeutic effects based on sex.
67) Life:
Life signifies the vital phenomena characteristic of living organisms. Understanding how Murraya koenigii contributes to health and well-being encapsulates the plant's importance in supporting and enhancing life through its diverse bioactive constituents.
68) Dog:
Dogs, as domesticated animals, are often subjects of veterinary research. The relationship between Murraya koenigii and canine health may inform studies exploring herbal remedies' safety and efficacy in treating various conditions within veterinary medicine.