Isolation and anti-angiogenic activity of mangiferin from mango.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Isolation, characterisation and anti-angiogenic activity of mangiferin from banganapalle variety mangifera indica.l
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Rajasekaran K., Kathiravan M. and Umarani G.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Isolation, characterisation and anti-angiogenic activity of mangiferin from banganapalle variety mangifera indica.l

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20206-17262


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study presented focuses on the isolation, characterization, and anti-angiogenic activity of Mangiferin, a phytoconstituent derived from the Banganapalle variety of Mangifera indica (mango). The research is significant due to the extensive cultivation of mango trees in India, which is a leading mango producer globally. This paper discusses traditional medicinal plant usage, highlighting that many communities rely on plant-derived medicines for various ailments. Given the rising incidence of diseases such as diabetes and cancer, the study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Mangiferin through anti-angiogenic activity, which is relevant in cancer treatment.

The Importance of Angiogenesis in Cancer Progression

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones, plays a critical role in various physiological processes and in the progression of cancer. Tumors require a sufficient blood supply to grow beyond a certain size, which is facilitated through angiogenesis. The research emphasizes the significance of targeting angiogenesis in cancer therapy, as tumor growth is often accompanied by neovascularization. By understanding angiogenesis, the study aims to prevent malignancy by inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels, which could serve as a potential strategy in the management of cancer.

Isolation and Characterization of Mangiferin

Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from mango leaves, underwent multiple extraction processes such as ethanolic, aqueous, and microwave-assisted extraction. The yields from these methods were measured, with various chromatographic techniques applied for the identification and characterization of the compound. Techniques like Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the purity and identity of Mangiferin. Spectroscopic analyses provided insights into the molecular structure and functional groups of Mangiferin, establishing its medicinal relevance.

Anti-Angiogenic Activity Assessment

The anti-angiogenic potential of Mangiferin was evaluated using the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay in chicken embryos. The study involved administering varying concentrations of Mangiferin and a standard anti-fungal drug, Itraconazole, to observe their effects on blood vessel formation. Results indicated that Mangiferin significantly reduced the number of blood vessel branches, demonstrating its potency as an anti-angiogenic agent. This suggests that Mangiferin can inhibit new blood vessel formation crucial for tumor growth, highlighting its therapeutic value in cancer treatment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore the therapeutic potential of Mangiferin in addressing cancer-related angiogenesis. The isolation and characterization of Mangiferin from Mangifera indica contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of plant-derived compounds in medical treatment. As modern medicine increasingly integrates natural products into therapeutic regimens, the research advocates for further exploration of Mangiferin as a viable option for the prevention and treatment of malignancies. The overarching message of the study aligns with the principle that "prevention is always better than cure," particularly in the context of cancer management.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the focus of the research on Mangiferin?

The research highlights the isolation, characterization, and anti-angiogenic activity of Mangiferin from the Banganapalle variety of Mangifera indica, aiming to understand its potential in preventing malignancy.

What is Mangiferin and where is it found?

Mangiferin is a xanthone glycoside, chemically identified as C19H18O11, primarily found in the leaves of the Mangifera indica plant, notably in the Banganapalle variety and other genera like Salacia and Cyclopia.

How was Mangiferin isolated from the mango leaves?

Mangiferin was isolated using solvents such as ethanol and dichloromethane, followed by chromatographic techniques, resulting in crystallization and purification of the compound.

What methods were used to evaluate anti-angiogenic activity?

The anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the CAM Assay model on chick embryos, observing the formation and prevention of blood vessel branching after applying isolated Mangiferin.

What were the results of the anti-angiogenic activity tests?

Results showed that Mangiferin significantly reduced the number of blood vessel branches, demonstrating its potential as an anti-angiogenic agent compared to the standard drug, Itraconazole.

What are the potential health benefits of using Mangiferin?

Mangiferin is known for its pharmacological activities, including anti-angiogenic properties, which could be beneficial in treating tumors and other diseases related to abnormal blood vessel formation.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Isolation and anti-angiogenic activity of mangiferin from mango.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Mangifera indica:
This term refers to the scientific name of the mango tree, a significant plant in traditional medicine. Its leaves, particularly from the Banganapalle variety, are studied for their possible health benefits, including the presence of phytochemicals like mangiferin, which exhibits medicinal properties, including anti-angiogenic activity.

2) Activity:
In this context, 'activity' refers to the biological effects exhibited by compounds or extracts, particularly the anti-angiogenic potential of mangiferin. Understanding these activities is crucial for developing natural medicines, as they can indicate how a substance interacts with biological systems and contribute to therapeutic effects.

3) Cancer:
Cancer is a major health issue characterized by abnormal cell growth leading to tumors. The research underscores the importance of investigating natural compounds like mangiferin in cancer prevention and treatment, which aims to mitigate the reliance on conventional therapies that may have severe side effects.

4) Blood:
Blood is vital for life, delivering nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. In the context of the research, blood vessel formation, or angiogenesis, is essential for tumor growth. The study examines how mangiferin may inhibit this process, potentially limiting tumor progression by affecting blood supply.

5) Drug:
The plural of drug, referring to multiple substances used for therapeutic purposes. In this context, the study emphasizes the exploration of plant-derived compounds like mangiferin as alternative drugs that may offer therapeutic benefits with fewer side effects compared to conventional pharmaceuticals.

6) Disease:
This term is the plural form of disease, emphasizing the multitude of health conditions that affect populations. The research discusses various diseases treated with plant-derived substances, supporting the broad exploration of natural products for their medicinal properties and potential to combat numerous health issues.

7) Madurai:
Madurai, a city in Tamil Nadu, India, is significant in this research as the location for the study. The College of Pharmacy at Madurai Medical College conducted the work, indicating a local emphasis on traditional medicinal plants and their applications in pharmacological research.

8) Mango:
Mango is a widely cultivated fruit-bearing tree, with various cultivators in India. The fruit and its parts, specifically leaves, are explored for their health benefits in traditional medicine. The study focuses on the Banganapalle variety, which is rich in phytochemicals, notably mangiferin.

9) Substance:
A substance refers to any material or compound with distinctive properties. In this study, the term is critical as it relates to the isolated compound, mangiferin, whose efficacy and potential therapeutic effects are examined, particularly in combating conditions like cancer and diabetes.

10) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outer layer of a material. In pharmacological terms, it can refer to the surface interactions between compounds and biological membranes, which are crucial for understanding drug absorption, distribution, and the overall bioavailability of phytochemicals like those in mango leaves.

11) Water:
Water is essential for life and plant growth and plays a crucial role in the extraction and study of active compounds in plants. The study emphasizes minimal water requirements for mango farming, highlighting the ecological benefits of cultivating such medicinal plants in water-scarce conditions.

12) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. The research focuses on the pharmacological properties of mangiferin, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in treating diseases, particularly due to its anti-angiogenic effects.

13) Species:
A species is a classification of living organisms capable of interbreeding. The study investigates specific plants, particularly Mangifera indica, and their medicinal properties, highlighting the importance of identifying and utilizing botanical species for developing effective natural medicines.

14) Table:
In research, a table is a systematic arrangement of data to present results effectively. The study includes various tables to summarize findings, such as the anti-angiogenic effects observed in the CAM assay, which helps visualize and interpret the quantitative data more easily.

15) Study (Studying):
Studying entails methodically examining a particular subject to gain knowledge. In this research, studying focuses on the isolation and evaluation of the anti-angiogenic activities of mangiferin, highlighting its potential role in combating diseases like cancer through scientific analysis.

16) Performance:
Performance in a research context refers to how well a substance displays its intended effects or activities, such as the anti-angiogenic properties exhibited by mangiferin. Assessing substance performance is key to understanding its viability as a treatment for various health conditions.

17) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground form of a substance, in this case, the dried leaves of Mangifera indica. Powder extraction is a common method in pharmacognosy to isolate active compounds for further testing, allowing efficient extraction of phytochemicals for analysis.

18) India:
India is recognized for its rich biodiversity, especially concerning medicinal plants. The research highlights the significance of traditional plant-based remedies in India, incorporating local species like Mangifera indica, essential for developing innovative treatments leveraging herbal medicine.

19) Death:
Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain life. The study discusses the significance of diseases like cancer, which contribute substantially to mortality rates. The research into compounds like mangiferin aims to reduce such healthcare burdens through effective treatments.

20) Measurement:
Measurement involves quantifying specific parameters to assess outcomes. In this study, measurement is crucial for evaluating the effects of mangiferin on blood vessel formation in the CAM assay, providing concrete data supporting its potential anti-cancer properties.

21) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used to treat or prevent diseases. The research emphasizes the importance of developing accessible and effective plant-derived medicines, especially with the growing reliance on traditional remedies, to offer safer alternatives to synthetic pharmaceuticals.

22) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge based on testable explanations and predictions. This research exemplifies scientific inquiry through its methodical approach to studying mangiferin's properties, advancing knowledge within pharmacognosy and medicinal chemistry.

23) Animal:
Animal refers to a living organism that is multicellular and capable of movement and responsiveness. In this context, the term underscores the ethical considerations in research involving living subjects, advocating for alternatives like the CAM assay to reduce animal experimentation.

24) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their healing properties. The research focuses on isolating and characterizing phytochemicals like mangiferin, demonstrating their significant roles in traditional and modern medicine, particularly for their pharmacological effects.

25) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a treatment for cancer using drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. The study highlights the drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy, such as side effects, advocating for natural alternatives like mangiferin that may offer gentler treatment options.

26) Agriculture:
Agriculture refers to the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. The study highlights the importance of sustainable agriculture, particularly concerning mango cultivation in India, which supports biodiversity and provides valuable resources for medicinal research and economic benefits.

27) Observation:
Observation involves closely monitoring or examining phenomena to gather data. In this research, observation is critical in the CAM assay to evaluate the effects of mangiferin on blood vessel development, enabling the researchers to draw pertinent conclusions from the results.

28) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical part of research where findings are interpreted and contextualized. The study's discussion connects the observed effects of mangiferin on angiogenesis with broader implications for treatment strategies for conditions such as cancer, reinforcing its value in pharmacological research.

29) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of growing or making something progress. In this context, it emphasizes the goal of advancing therapeutic agents from natural sources like mangiferin, aiming to create effective treatments for diseases associated with serious health risks.

30) Inference:
Inference is the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence. In the study, it reflects the conclusions drawn from experimental results regarding mangiferin's activity, suggesting its potential roles in cancer treatment and the significance of continued research in this area.

31) Container:
A container refers to any object used to hold or store materials. In laboratory settings, containers are necessary for safely conducting experiments, particularly for the preparation and isolation of extracts like mangiferin, ensuring that samples remain uncontaminated.

32) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in India known for its rich agricultural practices and biodiversity. The research takes place in Tamil Nadu, emphasizing the local cultivation of Mangifera indica and the potential of native plants in developing therapeutic agents.

33) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Mangiferin, a type of xanthone glycoside, exhibits flavonoid characteristics, which are essential for its pharmacological activity and potential benefits against various diseases, especially cancer.

34) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a medical condition characterized by the expulsion of stomach contents. The mention of vomiting reflects the broader range of ailments treated with plant-derived products, underscoring the relevance of studying natural compounds for their potential therapeutic applications.

35) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or degree of excellence of a substance. In the context of the research, it emphasizes the need to assess the quality and efficacy of extracts like mangiferin to ensure they provide desired therapeutic outcomes and maintain purity.

36) Account:
To account refers to explaining or describing something based on evidence or truth. In research, providing an account of findings ensures transparency and allows for the validation of results concerning the efficacy of the studied compounds like mangiferin.

37) Purity:
Purity pertains to the degree to which a substance is free from contaminants or adulterants. The study emphasizes the need to assess the purity of isolated compounds like mangiferin, critical for ensuring quality and efficacy in pharmacological research and applications.

38) Cotton:
Cotton in this context refers to a textile used for cleaning and sterilizing in laboratory settings. Cleanliness and sterility are crucial in experiments to minimize contamination, especially when preparing biological samples or conducting chemical analysis.

39) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a specific type of open sore, often causing discomfort or pain. The research underscores the significance of studying natural compounds for their potential benefits in treating conditions like ulcers, linking traditional medicine with contemporary scientific inquiry.

40) Glass:
Glass refers to a material commonly used in laboratory equipment, such as containers, beakers, and test tubes. Its properties facilitate the safe handling of chemical reactions and biological samples, playing a vital role in the accurate execution of scientific research.

41) Rules:
Rules refer to established guidelines or principles that govern conduct within specific contexts. In scientific research, rules ensure ethical practices and methodological rigor, promoting the integrity of studies concerned with health and pharmacological investigations.

42) Fight:
Fight refers to the struggle against ailments or diseases. In a medical context, it emphasizes the goal of utilizing natural products, such as mangiferin, to combat health challenges like cancer, presenting a hopeful alternative for treatment strategies.

43) Acrid:
Acrid describes a strong or sharp taste or smell, often associated with certain natural compounds. In traditional medicine, acrid plants may possess diverse medicinal properties, and the term underlines the richness of plant profiles studied for their health benefits.

44) Tree:
Tree refers to a perennial woody plant, playing a crucial role in agriculture and ecology. The emphasis on specific tree species like Mangifera indica underscores the significance of studying various plants for their therapeutic potentials, particularly in herbal medicine.

45) Lamp:
Lamp refers to a source of light, often used in laboratories for visibility. In a research context, proper lighting is necessary for conducting experiments safely and effectively, ensuring that all procedures, including observation and measurement, are clear and accurate.

46) Rich (Rch):
Rich describes the abundance of certain resources or qualities. In the study, it refers to the high nutritional and phytochemical content of mango leaves, such as mangiferin, reinforcing the potential health benefits derived from utilizing such plant materials in traditional medicine.

47) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn entails the process of consuming a substance through heat, commonly used in various laboratory and extraction processes. Accurate temperature control is vital in pharmaceutical contexts for ensuring compound integrity and efficacy during the study and application of medicinal properties.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Isolation and anti-angiogenic activity of mangiferin from mango.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Pharmacological activity, High performance thin layer chromatography, Aqueous extract, Molecular weight, Ethanolic extract, Natural health products, Melting point, Cancer treatment, Spectral studies, Phytoconstituent.

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