Conceptual study on artavakshaya
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Conceptual study on artavakshaya
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Laxmi Devi and Sushila Sharma
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Conceptual study on artavakshaya
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202010-18520
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The paper discusses the concept of "Artavakshaya," which signifies a reduction or deficiency in menstrual flow, impacting female reproductive health. It emphasizes the critical role of women in procreation and their unique physiological traits, leading to potential health issues. Artavakshaya, or menstrual irregularity, is considered significant in Ayurvedic medicine and has been linked to conditions that inhibit fertility, such as "Vandhyatva" or infertility. The paper also draws comparisons between traditional Ayurvedic terms and modern medical conditions like hypomenorrhea and oligomenorrhea.
Understanding Artava and Kshaya
The term "Artavakshaya" comprises two components: "Artava," which refers to menstrual blood or the essence of femininity needed for conception, and "Kshaya," meaning a reduction or decrease. According to Ayurveda, Artava is essential for the development of the fetus and is a crucial indicator of a woman's reproductive capability. Kshaya denotes any deficiency from the normal quantity, which highlights the condition whereby the menstrual flow becomes scanty or ceases altogether, leading to various reproductive health disorders.
Types of Artava Dosha
In Ayurvedic literature, several types of Artava doshas, or disorders related to menstrual irregularities, have been discussed by ancient scholars. The primary classifications include Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, and others. Each dosha is characterized by specific symptoms and associated causes, offering a comprehensive understanding of the menstrual health of women. Among these, "Kshinartava" has been elaborated on in connection with Artavakshaya, describing it as a condition resulting from the deficiency of the Artava dhatu, leading to broader implications for women's health.
Pathogenesis of Artava Kshaya
The paper outlines the pathogenesis or samprapti of Artava Kshaya, linking the condition to vitiation of the doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and resulting imbalances in dhatus (tissues). This process involves several contributing factors—both general (Samanya) and specific (Vishesh)—that further exacerbate the condition. Engagement with "Nidanapanchaka" (fivefold diagnostic factors) is crucial for identifying triggers and determining the proper treatment approach. Acharya Sushruta’s teachings underscore how dysregulation of doshas results in symptoms like delayed menstruation and associated pains.
Conclusion
Artavakshaya emerges as a vital concern for reproductive health, requiring a nuanced understanding of its causes, pathogenesis, and classifications. The traditional Ayurvedic perspective on menstrual disorders offers insights that modern scientific approaches might overlook, emphasizing the importance of holistic health management for women. Addressing the complex interplay of doshas and dhatus is essential for restoring menstrual regularity and supporting overall women’s health, paving the way for effective treatment strategies rooted in ancient wisdom.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Artavakshaya in Ayurveda?
Artavakshaya refers to the deficiency of menstrual blood in women, which can lead to infertility or Vandhya. It is associated with various gynaecological disorders and is described in Ayurvedic texts.
What causes Artavakshaya in women?
Artavakshaya can be caused by vitiation of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas. Other factors include poor dietary habits, excessive exercise, psychological stress, and environmental influences that disrupt normal menstrual function.
How does Artavakshaya relate to modern medical conditions?
Artavakshaya can be compared to modern conditions like Hypomenorrhoea and Oligomenorrhoea, characterized by scanty menstrual flow. Symptoms such as delayed menstruation and associated pain are also recognized.
What are some symptoms of Artavakshaya?
Key symptoms include delayed menstruation (Yathochitkale Adarshanam), reduced menstrual flow (Alpata), and pain during menstruation (Yonivedana). Psychological symptoms can include anxiety and emotional distress.
What treatments are recommended for Artavakshaya?
Treatment options include Shamana therapy to balance doshas, dietary adjustments to enhance Pitta and Rakta, and purifying therapies like Vamana and Virechana to improve overall health and restore menstrual function.
What role do doshas play in Artavakshaya?
Vitiated doshas, particularly Vata and Pitta, play a crucial role in Artavakshaya by causing dysfunction in the body’s systems, leading to the diminished production of Artava (menstrual blood).
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Conceptual study on artavakshaya”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Artava:
Artava refers to menstrual blood in Ayurveda, symbolizing the essential reproductive fluid in women. It is considered vital for the conception and sustenance of life. Proper regulation and health of Artava are crucial for women’s reproductive health, influencing fertility, menstrual cycles, and overall well-being.
2) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya indicates a condition of depletion or deficiency in Ayurvedic terms. In the context of Artava, it pertains to the reduction in menstrual flow, leading to potential reproductive issues. Kshaya emphasizes the need to understand balance in bodily processes and the management of health.
3) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are the fundamental energies in Ayurveda, responsible for physical and emotional characteristics in individuals. The three main doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—interact to maintain health. An imbalance can lead to diseases, making the concept of doshas integral in diagnosing and treating ailments.
4) Hetu:
Hetu means cause or reason in Ayurveda. It plays a significant role in understanding the origin of diseases and ailments. By identifying Hetu, practitioners can devise appropriate treatments and interventions, focusing on eliminating the root cause rather than merely addressing symptoms.
5) Disease:
In Ayurveda, disease (Roga) is seen as an imbalance of doshas, dhatus, or the body's systems. The Ayurvedic approach emphasizes holistic understanding and treatment of disease, taking into account the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of health for effective healing.
6) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, primarily associated with movement, air, and ether. It governs physiological processes such as circulation, breathing, and communication within the body. Imbalances in Vata can lead to conditions like anxiety, digestive issues, and irregular menstrual cycles.
7) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causes or determinants of disease in Ayurveda. Understanding Nidana is essential for diagnosis and treatment, as it leads practitioners to identify factors influencing health. Proper analysis of Nidana allows for targeted interventions aiming to restore balance.
8) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas, characterized by transformation and metabolism. It governs digestion, energy production, and thermal regulation. Pitta imbalance can manifest in conditions such as inflammation, heat, and irritability. Recognizing and managing Pitta is essential for maintaining overall health.
9) Laxmi:
Laxmi, a name symbolizing wealth and prosperity in Hindu culture, is also associated with the researcher and author of the study on Artavakshaya. The contributions of individuals like Laxmi Devi in the field of Ayurveda help promote understanding and awareness of women's reproductive health issues.
10) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa represents the essence or taste of substances in Ayurveda, directly linked to the body's nourishment and vitality. In terms of dhatus, Rasa is crucial as it influences the quality and flow of bodily fluids, impacting overall health and functional wellbeing of the individual.
11) Dhatu:
Dhatus refers to the bodily tissues in Ayurveda, including Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, and others. Understanding the functions and health of dhatus is critical for maintaining overall balance and addressing potential deficiencies that may arise.
12) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to the condition of having an imbalance in doshas or physiological functions. In Ayurvedic practice, recognizing vitiated states is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, as it points directly to the underlying disruptions that need addressing for proper health restoration.
13) Upadhatu:
Upadhatu is a secondary tissue or byproduct derived from a main dhatu in Ayurveda. It plays significant roles in various biological processes. Artava, for example, is considered an Upadhatu of Rasa, emphasizing the interconnected nature of tissues and the importance of maintaining their health.
14) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas, characterized by stability, structure, and moisture. It governs bodily functions like growth, lubrication, and immunity. Balancing Kapha is crucial for preventing conditions such as obesity and respiratory diseases, thereby contributing to overall health.
15) Ahara:
Ahara, or diet, plays a pivotal role in maintaining health in Ayurveda. The type, quality, and quantity of food consumed directly influence the balance of doshas and overall wellbeing. Proper Ahara is vital for preventing disease and supporting the body's physiological processes.
16) Table:
The usage of tables in the study presents data in an organized manner, facilitating easy understanding of various classifications, symptoms, and relationships among different conditions. Tables serve as vital reference tools for practitioners when assessing and diagnosing patients in Ayurveda.
17) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the process or sequence of events leading to disease manifestation in Ayurveda. It encompasses the complex interplay of doshas, dhatus, srotas, and environmental factors, providing insights into understanding disease development and guiding effective treatment approaches.
18) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshanas, the plural of Lakshana, emphasizes the various signs and symptoms that can present in a particular condition. Recognizing multiple Lakshanas helps in the comprehensive assessment of the patient, enhancing the precision of diagnosis and effectiveness of subsequent treatment in Ayurveda.
19) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita is clarified butter or ghee, used in Ayurveda for its therapeutic properties. It is known to nourish tissues, enhance digestion, and provide balancing qualities to various doshic conditions. Ghrita is often utilized in preparations to enhance the efficacy of herbal treatments.
20) Yoni (Yonin):
Yoni refers to the female reproductive organ in Ayurveda, encompassing various health aspects related to women's reproductive systems. Understanding Yoni health is crucial for addressing conditions affecting women's reproductive functions, menstrual cycles, and overall feminine health.
21) Samanya:
Samanya indicates general or common principles in Ayurveda. It encompasses universal factors affecting health and disease processes, providing a foundational understanding for Ayurvedic practitioners to develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various conditions.
22) Tantra (Tantrism, Tamtra):
Tantra refers to techniques and methodologies in Ayurvedic practice. They encompass a wide range of practices, including diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and therapeutic practices aimed to restore balance, optimize health, and facilitate recovery from ailments in an individualized manner.
23) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi translates to disease in Ayurveda. It encompasses all forms of illness and dysfunction within the body. Understanding Vyadhi is crucial for Ayurvedic practitioners, as it guides them in diagnosis, treatment formulation, and the overall management of a patient's health.
24) Rupa:
Rupa signifies the form or manifestation of a disease in Ayurveda. It helps practitioners identify the unique characteristics of conditions, facilitating diagnosis and helping to distinguish between various health disorders. The understanding of Rupa is fundamental for effective treatment planning.
25) Kashyapa (Kasyapa, Kashya-pa, Kashyapanamdana):
Kashyapa refers to a legendary sage in Ayurveda known for his contributions to herbal medicine. His teachings and texts provide insights into various aspects of health and wellness, particularly about female reproductive health and the treatment of menstrual disorders.
26) Dravya:
Dravyas are substances or materials used in Ayurvedic formulations, including herbs, minerals, and other natural ingredients. Understanding the properties of Dravyas enables practitioners to create effective remedies tailored to individual needs and conditions.
27) Rakta:
Rakta, or blood, is one of the seven dhatus in Ayurveda, providing nourishment and sustenance to the body. Its health is vital for overall well-being and vitality, as well as for supporting various physiological functions, including menstruation and circulation.
28) Guda:
Guda, referring to jaggery or sugar, is often used in Ayurvedic preparations. It serves as a sweetener that enhances the palatability and medicinal properties of herbal formulations, providing nutritional support and energy to the body.
29) Vati:
Vati is a form of Ayurvedic medicine, often in pill or tablet form, made from concentrated herbal mixtures. Vati preparations are designed for ease of administration and targeted therapeutic benefits, offering a practical approach to delivering herbal remedies in a convenient format.
30) Guna:
Guna denotes the qualities or characteristics of substances in Ayurveda. It is essential for determining the therapeutic uses of herbs and foods, as well as for understanding their effects on the body's doshas. The study of Guna provides insight into balancing treatments.
31) Katambhara:
Katambhara describes a condition of delayed menstruation or amenorrhea in Ayurveda, marked by physical emaciation and weakness. This condition emphasizes the significance of timely and healthy menstrual cycles for women's health and fertility.
32) Striroga (Stri-roga):
Stri-roga refers to women-specific diseases and disorders in Ayurveda. It encompasses various health conditions affecting women’s reproductive systems, menstrual health, and general well-being, underscoring the importance of specialized attention and treatments for women's health issues.
33) Suffering:
Suffering encapsulates the experience of physical or emotional pain and distress arising from health conditions. In Ayurveda, addressing suffering is central to patient care, as it guides the formulation of treatment plans that aim to restore balance and alleviate discomfort.
34) Prasuti:
Prasuti refers to childbirth or delivery in Ayurveda. It encompasses the processes and health considerations involved in pregnancy and labor. Understanding Prasuti is essential for ensuring safe and healthy childbirth experiences as well as for addressing postpartum care.
35) Sevana:
Sevana indicates the process or practice of taking certain actions or treatments prescribed in Ayurveda. It includes the adherence to dietary, seasonal, or lifestyle recommendations as part of a holistic approach to health and wellness.
36) Vedana:
Vedana translates to pain or sensation in Ayurveda, referring to the subjective experience of physical discomfort or distress. Understanding Vedana is crucial for diagnosing diseases and determining appropriate treatments aimed at alleviating pain and restoring comfort.
37) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha denotes a dry quality in Ayurveda, particularly concerning substances or conditions that may lead to dehydration or depletion. Balancing Ruksha through proper nutrition and hydration is essential for maintaining health and preventing disorders related to dryness.
38) Agneya:
Agneya refers to substances or treatments that are heating or palliative in nature in Ayurveda. These are typically used to counteract coldness or sluggishness, promoting digestion and metabolism, and fostering overall energy levels in the body.
39) Bhaya:
Bhaya translates to fear in Ayurveda, representing emotional and psychological disturbances that can affect health. Understanding and addressing Bhaya is essential for holistic health management, as emotional well-being is closely tied to physical health.
40) Basti:
Basti is an Ayurvedic treatment involving medicated enemas or instillation of medicines into the rectum or vagina. It is utilized for detoxification, balancing doshas, and treating various ailments, particularly those affecting the digestive and reproductive systems.
41) Purva:
Purva translates to anterior or prior, often used in discussions about the pre-existing or preceding conditions that influence current health. Understanding Purva is integral in assessing a patient's medical history and formulating effective treatment plans.
42) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used in medicine for treatment purposes, featuring a diverse range of herbal, mineral, or synthetic substances. In Ayurveda, a proper understanding of the pharmacological properties of drugs is essential for effective treatment formulation.
43) Roga:
Roga means disease in Ayurveda, emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding and management of ailments. Diagnosis and treatment focus on restoring balance among doshas, dhatus, and bodily systems to achieve health.
44) Mala:
Mala indicates waste products in Ayurveda, such as excreta or impurities produced by the body's metabolic processes. Proper elimination of Mala is crucial for maintaining health, as accumulation can lead to imbalances and tension within the body.
45) Kala:
Kala refers to time or specific periods in Ayurveda, particularly concerning the timing of bodily functions and treatments. Understanding Kala is essential for optimizing health practices and aligning treatments with the natural rhythms of the body.
46) Menstrual blood:
Menstrual blood signifies the shedding of the uterine lining and is indicative of female reproductive health. Understanding menstrual blood patterns is vital for diagnosing potential issues related to fertility, ovulatory cycles, and overall gynecological health.
47) Purification:
Purification in Ayurveda refers to cleansing processes aimed at removing toxins or impurities from the body. These procedures set the foundation for restoring balance, enhancing vitality and ensuring the body's optimal functioning.
48) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
Rakta-dhatu represents blood tissue in Ayurveda, crucial for nourishment and circulation within the body. Proper maintenance of Rakta-dhatu is necessary for ensuring physical vitality, energy levels, and overall health.
49) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
Samshodhana denotes therapeutic detoxification or cleansing processes in Ayurveda. It is essential for purging impurities and restoring physiological balance. Samshodhana therapies, such as panchakarma, play a crucial role in health maintenance and recovery.
50) Dhatukshaya (Dhatuksaya, Dhatu-kshaya):
Dhatu-kshaya signifies the depletion of bodily tissues, which may lead to symptoms of weakness and health deterioration. Identifying Dhatu-kshaya is crucial for providing appropriate treatments to restore tissue health and overall vitality.
51) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
Pitta-dosha, characterized by heat and transformation, governs metabolic processes in the body. Imbalances in Pitta-dosha can lead to conditions such as inflammation or digestive disorders, highlighting the importance of maintaining equilibrium for optimal health.
52) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha embodies stability and moisture in Ayurvedic philosophy. It is responsible for bodily structure and lubrication. Disruptions to Kapha can lead to issues such as weight gain or respiratory ailments, thus emphasizing balance for wellness.
53) Lavanarasa (Lavana-rasa):
Lavana-rasa refers to the salty taste in Ayurveda, vital for balancing fluids and maintaining the health of tissues and processes. Incorporating Lavana-rasa in diet can aid digestion, retention, and metabolism.
54) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya signifies slow or impaired digestive fire in Ayurveda. A weak Agni can lead to improper digestion, accumulation of toxins, and subsequent health issues. Strengthening Agni is a foundational aspect of Ayurvedic treatment.
55) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purva-rupa refers to the prior form or characteristics of a disease before its manifestation. An understanding of Purva-rupa assists practitioners in identifying predisposing factors and formulating preventative strategies.
56) Vandhyatva:
Vandhyatva denotes infertility or the inability to conceive in Ayurveda. Addressing Vandhyatva involves understanding the underlying causes, imbalances, or disruptions in reproductive health, leading to tailored interventions for those seeking to conceive.
57) Anuvasana:
Anuvasana refers to a specific type of enema treatment in Ayurveda used to alleviate conditions by instilling medicated liquids. Anuvasana therapies can be applied to nourish and balance bodily systems, particularly concerning reproductive and digestive health.
58) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vatapitta represents the dual imbalance of Vata and Pitta doshas, often leading to complex symptoms. It requires a comprehensive treatment approach to restore balance and mitigate health issues stemming from this dual vitiation.
59) Substance:
Substances encompass a wide array of materials, including herbs, minerals, and natural elements used in Ayurvedic formulations. Understanding the properties and actions of various substances is fundamental for creating effective health remedies.
60) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that emphasizes balance and harmony within the body. It focuses on maintaining health through natural means, including diet, lifestyle, and herbal treatments tailored to individual constitutions and imbalances.
61) Sthanika:
Sthanika refers to localized symptoms or conditions in Ayurveda, focusing on specific areas or regions of the body affected by imbalance. Understanding Sthanika helps practitioners provide targeted treatments and enhance therapeutic effectiveness.
62) Vandhya (Vamdhya):
Vandhya indicates a woman who is unable to conceive, often referred to in the context of infertility. Addressing Vandhya concerns involves identifying underlying causes and imbalances impacting reproductive health, necessitating tailored Ayurvedic interventions.
63) Sharira (Sarira):
Sharira refers to the physical body in Ayurveda, encompassing all tissues, organs, and systems. Understanding Sharira is essential for comprehending the physiological processes and their interconnections, enabling effective diagnosis and treatment planning.
64) Pramana (Pramanas):
Pramana translates to measurement in Ayurveda, representing the quantification of various factors related to health, such as dosha balance, food intake, and treatment dosages. Pramana is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes and ensuring safety in therapeutic practices.
65) Garbha:
Garbha signifies the embryo or fetus in Ayurveda, reflecting the importance of maternal health during pregnancy. Understanding Garbha's nurturing is essential for ensuring healthy gestation and optimal reproductive outcomes.
66) Alasya:
Alasya denotes lethargy or sluggishness, often pertaining to the physical state or energy levels of an individual. Addressing Alasya is vital for enhancing vitality and overall health, emphasizing the importance of active engagement in lifestyle practices.
67) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the substances or factors that can accumulate and disturb health in Ayurveda. Understanding Dushya is fundamental to identify and mitigate their effects on the body's equilibrium, facilitating targeted interventions.
68) Krodha:
Krodha translates to anger or rage, representing a potent emotion that can impact both mental and physical health. Managing Krodha is essential in maintaining emotional balance and overall wellbeing, as it influences physiological processes.
69) Chinta:
Chinta means worry or anxiety in Ayurveda, encompassing cognitive and emotional states that may affect health. Understanding Chinta is essential for holistic care, as emotional challenges can manifest physically, influencing overall health.
70) Lavana:
Lavana signifies the salty taste in Ayurveda, which is essential for balancing elements and fluids within the body. Incorporating Lavana in diet can enhance digestion and play a pivotal role in maintaining overall health.
71) Kalpa:
Kalpa refers to formulations or preparations in Ayurveda, especially concerning herbal mixtures. It highlights the diversity in crafting remedies suited for individual requirements, signifying the intricate knowledge of formulation in Ayurvedic practice.
72) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa denotes muscle tissue in Ayurveda, representing one of the seven dhatus responsible for physical structure and strength. Proper nourishment of Mamsa is essential for maintaining physical vitality and preventing degenerative conditions.
73) Graha:
Graha translates to the concept of seizure or capture in Ayurveda, often referring to conditions where balance or right functioning is interrupted. Understanding Graha is crucial for identifying and addressing underlying disruptions in health.
74) Shoka (Soka):
Shoka signifies deep sorrow or grief and is connected to emotional well-being in Ayurveda. Managing Shoka is essential for holistic health since emotional distress can have significant repercussions on physical health and overall vitality.
75) Bhava:
Bhava translates to state of being or mood in Ayurveda. It encompasses an individual’s emotional and psychological conditions, emphasizing the connection between mental health and overall wellness. Balancing Bhava is crucial for achieving harmony and health.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 227]
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