Indicators and methods for modeling placental insufficiency.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Quantitative indicators and methods for modeling structural units in placental insufficiency
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Sanoev B. A., Israilov R. I. and Djuraeva G. B.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Quantitative indicators and methods for modeling structural units in placental insufficiency
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202012-18776
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Summary of Research on Placental Insufficiency
Introduction
Placental insufficiency is characterized by an inadequate supply of nutrients to the fetus due to abnormal morphofunctional states of the placenta. This condition can stem from the immaturity of tissue structures, leading to disrupted interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus, ultimately slowing fetal growth and development. Understanding the morphological changes in the placenta at anatomical and histological levels is essential for diagnosing and assessing the severity of placental insufficiency. The study employed various morphometric methods to analyze these changes and quantify the structural units involved.
The Importance of Morphometric Analysis
One of the primary methods utilized in the study is the morphometric evaluation of terminal chorionic villi, which are critical structural components of the placenta. By measuring the diameter of the placenta and calculating its surface area using a specific formula, researchers were able to assess the area occupied by various tissue structures. The study distinguished between primary and secondary placental insufficiency through a systematic approach that included the "point counting" method for histological samples. This analysis helped to evaluate the structural features of terminal villi and provided insights into the degree of placental insufficiency.
Structural Changes in Placental Tissue
The research found significant differences in the area occupied by structural units in placental tissue across different groups. The first group, representing primary placental insufficiency, exhibited an increase in the area of stem villi and a reduction in terminal villi and secondary involutive changes. The most notable change was the expansion of the space between the villi, reflecting a decrease in their number. In contrast, the second group indicated a threefold increase in the area occupied by secondary involutive changes and a marked reduction in the areas of both terminal and stem villi. These findings underline the critical shifts in placental architecture associated with varying degrees of insufficiency.
Changes in Terminal Villi Composition
The study further examined specific alterations in the composition of terminal villi. It highlighted that in healthy control placentas, a significant proportion (79.4%) of terminal villi contained five or more capillaries. However, in cases of primary placental insufficiency, this percentage drastically dropped to 27.2%, while incidences of poorly developed villi with fewer capillaries surged. Similarly, the analysis revealed that the number of sclerotic villi also increased notably in primary insufficiency cases. Conversely, secondary placental insufficiency showed different trends, with a larger number of villi containing five capillaries compared to primary insufficiency, while sclerotic villi areas were significantly expanded.
Conclusion
The morphometric analysis conducted in this study sheds light on the structural abnormalities associated with placental insufficiency. It underscores how both primary and secondary insufficiencies lead to distinct morphological changes in placental tissue and terminal villi composition. Findings suggest that placentas affected by primary insufficiency exhibit reduced areas for terminal villi alongside increased intervillous space, while those with secondary insufficiency show a significant increase in sclerotic changes. These insights are crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of placental insufficiency and developing effective therapeutic strategies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is placental insufficiency and its effects on pregnancy?
Placental insufficiency is a condition where the placenta's functionality is impaired, leading to inadequate nutrient supply to the fetus, which can slow growth and development.
How is placental insufficiency assessed by researchers?
Researchers assess placental insufficiency through morphometric studies of the terminal chorionic villi, examining their size, volume, and structural features.
What morphometric indicators are measured in placental studies?
Morphometric indicators include the area and volume of stem and terminal villi, as well as the presence of secondary pathological changes.
What methods are used to calculate structural changes in placenta?
The study uses the 'multipoint test' to calculate the area of structural changes in the placenta by counting points in histological preparations.
What are the main differences between primary and secondary placental insufficiency?
Primary placental insufficiency is characterized by underdeveloped terminal villi, while secondary insufficiency shows more significant involutive changes, including an increase in sclerotic villi.
What conclusions were drawn from histological assessments in placental insufficiency?
Histological assessments revealed distinct morphometric changes between control, primary, and secondary insufficiency, highlighting the progressive impact on villi structures and their capillarity.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Indicators and methods for modeling placental insufficiency.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Calculation:
Calculation refers to the methodical process of quantifying data through mathematical formulas and statistical analyses. In the context of the study, calculation is crucial for assessing various morphometric parameters of structural units in placental insufficiency. Accurate calculations enable the evaluation of relationships between different metrics, contributing to reliable conclusions about placental health.
2) Study (Studying):
Study signifies a detailed examination and analysis of a specific subject. Here, the study focuses on placental insufficiency, investigating its morphological changes and implications on fetal health. Conducting a thorough study with rigorous methodologies is essential for understanding the complexities of placental conditions, guiding future medical approaches.
3) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnesses. In this document, medicine plays a pivotal role as the research investigates placental insufficiency, a critical condition impacting maternal-fetal health. Medical insights derived from this study can influence clinical practices and improve health outcomes for pregnant women.
4) Inflammation:
Inflammation refers to the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. In placental insufficiency, inflammation can signify pathological changes impacting placental health. Understanding inflammation's role in placental morphology is vital for identifying adverse conditions that may affect fetal development and maternal health.
5) Reliability:
Reliability indicates the consistency and dependability of measurement results over repeated tests. In the context of this study, ensuring the reliability of morphometric calculations is essential for validating findings related to placental insufficiency. High reliability strengthens the credibility of conclusions drawn from the data, influencing clinical decisions.
6) Relative:
Relative encompasses the comparative nature between two or more entities, often providing context for understanding differences or similarities. The study utilizes relative measurements to assess variances in morphometric characteristics among various groups of placental insufficiency, aiding in deciphering the severity and implications of pathological changes.
7) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer or aspect of an object or area. In this research, the placenta's surface is integral to understanding its morphology. Analyzing the maternal surface area helps in calculating structural changes related to placental insufficiency, revealing crucial insights into the organ's function and health.
8) Falling:
Falling generally signifies a decrease or decline in condition or quality. In the context of placental insufficiency, it may refer to the declining health or functionality of the placenta, which can directly impact fetal development. Understanding factors contributing to falling health metrics is vital for addressing complications in pregnancy.
9) Fabric:
Fabric refers to the complex network or structure of biological tissues. In the study of placental insufficiency, the fabric of the placenta encompasses its various components and cellular arrangements. Investigating the fabric is crucial to understanding how morphologically altered structures influence placental function and overall pregnancy outcomes.
10) Labour (Labor):
Labor refers to the physiological process of childbirth. In the context of the study, examining histological samples from women in labor is essential for understanding the impact of placental insufficiency on maternal and fetal health during delivery. Insights gained can help in managing labor more effectively, ensuring better outcomes.
11) Sign:
Sign indicates an observable indication or manifestation of a condition. In medical research, recognizing signs of diseases, like placental insufficiency, is critical for diagnosis and treatment. Identifying specific morphological signs through histometric analysis informs practitioners about the underlying health issues, ultimately guiding therapeutic interventions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Indicators and methods for modeling placental insufficiency.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Placental insufficiency, Morphometric study, Morphological change, Foci of necrosis.