Isolation and characterization of alkaloids from Cleome gynandra.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Isolation and phytochemical characterization of alkaloids from cleome gynandra linn. aerial parts
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Priyanka B. Ambre and Dr. Dinesh P. Hase
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Isolation and phytochemical characterization of alkaloids from cleome gynandra linn. aerial parts
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202012-18758
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented in the World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research focuses on the isolation and phytochemical characterization of alkaloids from the aerial parts of Cleome gynandra Linn., a plant belonging to the Capparaceae family. Traditionally recognized by names such as "Hurhur" and "Tilvan" in Marathi, this plant has a history of medicinal use, targeting ailments like tumors, inflammation, malaria, piles, and rheumatism. The researchers aimed to identify and quantify the phytochemicals present, with a particular focus on the alkaloid content, while employing various established scientific methods.
Alkaloid Isolation and Characterization
The research emphasizes the isolation of alkaloids from the methanolic extract of Cleome gynandra. The extraction process involved a series of steps including defatting with petroleum ether and subsequent extraction with methanol using the Soxhlet method. Alkaloids were isolated by adjusting the pH of the extract and using chloroform for separation. The isolated alkaloids were then characterized via UV and IR spectroscopy, where the UV spectra indicated peak absorption at 470 nm, an important characteristic for alkaloid identification. The IR spectroscopy further confirmed the functional groups present, indicating the complexity of the chemical constituents.
Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis
A comprehensive preliminary phytochemical screening revealed a rich array of bioactive compounds in the Cleome gynandra extract. The results showed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and several other metabolites. Further quantitative analysis provided specific figures for the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in the extract. The total alkaloid content was quantified as 356.28 mg/g, while flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined to be 396.28 mg/g and 326.28 mg/g, respectively. Utilizing standard calibration curves allowed for the precise measurement of these compounds.
Medicinal Properties and Applications
The medicinal value of Cleome gynandra largely stems from its bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The literature suggests that this plant exhibits a range of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The chemical components identified in the study play a significant role in these therapeutic effects, underscoring the importance of further exploration into the plant's potential applications in traditional and modern medicine. The findings advocate for greater interest in this plant's medicinal benefits, particularly in resource-constrained communities where it is used as a vegetable and remedy.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study effectively highlights the significance of Cleome gynandra Linn. as a source of valuable phytochemicals, particularly alkaloids. The isolation and characterization of these compounds, alongside a detailed phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis, provide a foundation for understanding the plant's potential medicinal applications. As traditional medicine continues to gain traction, further research into Cleome gynandra could unveil new therapeutic uses, reinforcing the connection between natural products and healthcare. Such investigations not only pave the way for scientific validation of traditional practices but also support sustainable utilization of indigenous plants.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the common name for Cleome gynandra Linn. in Marathi?
Cleome gynandra Linn. is commonly known as 'Hurhur' and 'Tilvan' in Marathi.
What medicinal properties does Cleome gynandra possess?
Cleome gynandra has proven properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.
How was the alkaloid isolation conducted in the study?
The isolation involved acidifying the methanolic extract, separating fractions with chloroform, and adjusting pH to isolate alkaloids.
What methods were used to analyze the phytochemicals?
Phytochemicals were analyzed using preliminary screening, UV-spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy methods.
What were the estimated concentrations of certain phytochemicals?
The study found total alkaloid content at 356.28 mg/g, flavonoid content at 396.28 mg/g, and phenolic content at 326.28 mg/g of the extract.
What was the yield percentage of isolated alkaloids?
The yield percentage of the isolated alkaloids from Cleome gynandra was 0.5%.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Isolation and characterization of alkaloids from Cleome gynandra.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of bioactive compounds found in many plants, known for their antioxidant properties. They contribute to various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. In the context of the study, flavonoids were quantified from the plant extract and are relevant for understanding its medicinal potential.
2) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds in plants that contribute to their color, flavor, and disease resistance. These substances can have health benefits for humans, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties. The study isolates and characterizes phytochemicals, emphasizing their therapeutic applications in traditional medicine.
3) Water:
Water is a universal solvent essential for the extraction of phytochemicals from plants. In the study, distilled water is used to prepare various solutions and buffers, which facilitate the quantification of constituents like flavonoids and phenolics. Its role underpins the methodology of extracting and analyzing bioactive compounds.
4) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to the scientific investigation conducted to isolate and characterize phytochemicals from Cleome gynandra Linn. This research aims to explore the plant's medicinal properties, providing structured data that can inform future applications in herbal medicine and pharmacology.
5) India:
India is the geographical context of the study, where Cleome gynandra Linn. is found growing spontaneously. The country's rich biodiversity provides a platform for the exploration of traditional medicinal plants, highlighting India's role in the study and use of phytochemicals in alternative medicine.
6) Drug:
Drugs in this context refer to clinically important compounds derived from plants, including those isolated in the study. Understanding how these drugs are derived from natural sources can enhance the search for new therapeutics derived from herbal medicine, supporting initiatives in drug discovery and development.
7) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the specific state in India where the plant Cleome gynandra is collected for the study. The region's local flora contributes to the diversity of phytochemicals available for research, emphasizing the significance of regional studies in understanding plant-based medicines.
8) Ahmednagar:
Ahmednagar is a district in Maharashtra, India, where the research is conducted. Its relevance lies in the local access to traditional medicinal plants, and the research conducted here contributes to the scientific understanding of medicinal flora available in the district and its therapeutic potential.
9) Species:
Species refers to the distinct classification of organisms within the genus Cleome. Recognizing various species aids in identifying specific phytochemical properties and potential medicinal uses, informing both traditional and scientific approaches to herbal medicine and biodiversity conservation.
10) Discussion:
The 'discussion' section of the study is where results are interpreted and contextualized in relation to existing literature. This part analyzes how the findings align or contrast with previous research, enhancing understanding of Cleome gynandra's medicinal properties and implications for pharmacognosy.
11) Substance:
The term 'substance' indicates individual components or active compounds isolated during the research. These substances are pivotal in determining the plant's bioactivity and therapeutic efficacy. Understanding each substance's characteristics contributes to the relevance of the study in pharmacological applications.
12) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects or actions that phytochemicals can exert, such as antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory properties. The study aims to connect the identification of these active compounds to their potential therapeutic roles in treating various ailments, underscoring their medicinal value.
13) Commerce:
Commerce refers to the business aspect of herbal medicine that could arise from the findings of the study. Understanding the medicinal properties of plants can lead to commercialization, providing economic opportunities in the production and sale of herbal products derived from traditional knowledge.
14) Marathi:
Marathi is the local language spoken in Maharashtra, India. The significance of the term lies in the cultural context of the use of Cleome gynandra, where local knowledge and traditional applications may incorporate language, enhancing the connection between community practices and scientific exploration.
15) Heating:
Heating is a method used in preparing solutions for phytochemical analysis, such as dissolving bromocresol green. This process is essential for ensuring proper mixing and activation of compounds to undergo subsequent testing, highlighting the importance of temperature control in scientific methodologies.
16) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses the systematic study and analysis of natural phenomena, which in this case involves the exploration of Cleome gynandra's phytochemicals. The research follows scientific methodologies to validate traditional uses of the plant through empirical evidence and analysis, bridging indigenous knowledge and modern science.
17) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which the plant material is processed for extraction and analysis. Using dried powder allows for efficient extraction of phytochemicals, and its preparation is a crucial step in ensuring that the chemical constituents can be isolated and quantified effectively.
18) Botany:
Botany is the scientific discipline that studies plants, their structure, growth, and classification. The relevance of botany in this study lies in the identification and understanding of Cleome gynandra's properties, ensuring accurate classification and enhancing knowledge about its medicinal applications.
19) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data within the study, such as the results of preliminary phytochemical screenings and quantitative analyses. Presenting information in tabular form helps clarify findings, making it accessible and understandable, which is crucial in scientific communication.
20) Road:
Road indicates the natural habitat where Cleome gynandra can grow in the wild, showcasing the plant's ability to thrive in various environments. This adaptability emphasizes the importance of studying indigenous plants found in their natural habitats for potential medicinal uses.
21) Pur:
Poor refers to certain societal groups that may rely on traditional medicinal plants for healthcare due to limited access to modern medical treatments. Understanding the use of Cleome gynandra in these communities highlights the significance of preserving indigenous medicinal knowledge and promoting health equity.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Isolation and characterization of alkaloids from Cleome gynandra.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal properties, Antioxidant activity, Bioactive substances, Preliminary phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial activity, Immunomodulatory activity, Alkaloid Content, Phenolic content, Flavonoid content, Methanol extract, Standard calibration curve, Growing conditions.