Effects of tannic acid on antioxidants and lipids in diabetic rats
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antioxidant and lipid profile effects of tannic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar albino rats
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Mba, O.J., Edward, U.I. and Umeh, V.A.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antioxidant and lipid profile effects of tannic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar albino rats
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202012-18722
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of tannic acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar albino rats. It aims to address the oxidative stress and lipid profile disturbances associated with diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia leading to various complications. The research involved the administration of different doses of tannic acid and analysis of various biochemical parameters to assess its potential therapeutic effects against diabetes-induced oxidative damage.
Antioxidant Activity of Tannic Acid
One of the key findings of the study was the significant antioxidant properties of tannic acid. The administration of tannic acid resulted in increased levels of important antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation. This highlights the ability of tannic acid to mitigate oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, which is typically compromised in diabetic conditions. The study indicates that tannic acid administration could restore antioxidant levels in diabetic rats, thereby protecting tissues from oxidative damage.
Lipid Profile Modification
Another critical aspect of the study was the effect of tannic acid on the lipid profile in diabetic rats. The research showed that treatment with tannic acid led to a significant reduction in total cholesterol, trigylcerides (TAG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were increased in the test groups receiving tannic acid. This suggests that tannic acid not only possesses hypolipidemic properties but also could have a preventive role against cardiovascular diseases related to dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals, further supporting its therapeutic potential.
Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress
The study highlights the natural susceptibility of diabetic rats to oxidative stress, which exacerbates tissue damage due to elevated free radicals in the body. The induction of diabetes via streptozotocin was shown to lead to elevated levels of oxidative markers and depletion of antioxidant reserves, crucial for cellular protection. Following the administration of tannic acid, the results showed a reversal of these effects, indicating its role in protecting pancreatic tissue from diabetes-associated oxidative damage. This suggests that tannic acid can combat the destructive cycle of oxidative stress and diabetic complications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that tannic acid exhibits both antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. By enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and improving lipid profiles, tannic acid demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms of action and to verify these effects in human subjects, considering the limitations of animal-based studies. The findings advocate for the inclusion of phytochemicals like tannic acid in dietary or therapeutic regimes for better management of diabetes and its complications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study conducted on tannic acid?
The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid profile effects of tannic acid in male Wistar albino rats induced with diabetes using streptozotocin.
How was diabetes induced in the rats for the study?
Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin, except for the normal control group.
What doses of tannic acid were administered to the test groups?
The test groups received tannic acid doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight over a treatment period of 21 days.
What significant effects did tannic acid have on the rats?
Tannic acid significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation, lowering levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides in diabetic rats.
What biochemical parameters were assessed in the study?
The study assessed parameters including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione.
What conclusions were drawn about tannic acid's effects?
Tannic acid exhibits antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties in diabetic rats, suggesting potential pharmacological benefits in managing hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Effects of tannic acid on antioxidants and lipids in diabetic rats”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to the systematic investigation conducting research to establish facts or principles regarding a specific subject. In this context, it pertains to evaluating the effects of tannic acid on diabetic male rats, providing insights into potential therapeutic benefits against diabetes and related health issues.
2) Animal:
'Animals' in this context encompasses the broader category of subjects used for biomedical research. The study investigates specific responses of Wistar albino rats to tannic acid, contributing to knowledge on disease mechanisms and treatments that may apply to animal physiology and, indirectly, human health.
3) Disease:
'Diseases' refer to various pathological conditions that the study indirectly addresses, particularly those associated with diabetes, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia. The research aims to explore preventive or therapeutic strategies for managing these prevalent health problems through natural compounds.
4) Male:
'Male' designates the sex of the rats utilized in this research. The focus on male rats is often due to controlled variables in hormonal influence and behavior, streamlining observations regarding the physiological responses to tannic acid and ensuring results are valid for similar species.
5) Activity:
'Activity' refers to the functional responses measured in subjects during the study, such as antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase. Investigating the activity of these enzymes demonstrates the potential of tannic acid to mitigate oxidative stress, providing evidence for its therapeutic efficacy.
6) Blood:
'Blood' is the vital fluid analyzed in the study for measuring various biochemical parameters. Evaluating blood samples enables the assessment of lipid profiles and antioxidant levels, essential for determining how tannic acid influences diabetes-induced changes on the body's physiological state.
7) Agriculture:
'Agriculture' relates to the broader context of the study as it is conducted at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture. This highlights a multidisciplinary approach where research on plant-derived substances, like tannic acid, intersects between agricultural sciences and health applications.
8) Science (Scientific):
'Sciences' refers to the fields of knowledge that encompass biology, medicine, and pharmacology. This study integrates various scientific principles and methodologies, advancing the understanding of antioxidants in treating diseases like diabetes and promoting health.
9) Water:
'Water' is a necessary component for the rats during the study, highlighting its essential role in biological processes. The availability of fresh water ensures hydration and overall health of the subjects, influencing their physiological responses during the experimental conditions.
10) Discussion:
'Discussion' encompasses the analysis and interpretation of the results obtained from the study. By contextualizing findings within existing literature, researchers can derive meaningful conclusions about the implications of tannic acid on oxidative stress and lipid profiles in diabetic conditions.
11) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' relates to the study's focus on assessing safety through acute toxicity tests. Understanding the potential harmful effects of tannic acid is crucial for determining its therapeutic viability and establishing safe dosages for future applications in treating health issues.
12) Species:
'Species' identifies the particular organisms used in the study, namely male Wistar albino rats. Choosing a specific species allows for controlled experimental conditions and a clearer understanding of biological processes that may also be relevant to human health.
13) Cancer:
'Cancer' signifies one of the many diseases exacerbated by oxidative stress and free radical damage. The study's exploration of antioxidants like tannic acid showcases potential avenues for preventing or managing cancer by mitigating oxidative damage in cells.
14) Death:
'Death' implies the potential outcome of untreated oxidative stress-related conditions, including complications from diabetes, as well as the importance of effective management strategies. Researching compounds like tannic acid can provide insights into preventing mortality associated with these diseases.
15) Diet:
'Diet' highlights the nutritional factors that can influence diabetes and overall health. This study may inform dietary guidelines by emphasizing the potential benefits of incorporating antioxidant-rich substances like tannic acid in managing diabetes-induced complications.
16) Drug:
'Drug' refers to therapeutic compounds used for medical treatment. The study evaluates tannic acid's potential as a pharmacological agent, emphasizing the importance of plant-derived substances in developing new treatment options for diabetes and related conditions.
17) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' pertains to the naturally occurring bioactive compounds found in plants. Tannic acid is a phytochemical being studied for its antioxidative and hypolipidemic properties, illustrating the significance of plant-based research in discovering effective health-promoting substances.
18) Infection:
'Inflammation' relates to the body's response to injury or infection that can be exacerbated in diabetic conditions. The study focuses on how tannic acid's antioxidative effects may reduce inflammation linked to oxidative stress, offering potential therapeutic insights.
19) Developing:
'Developing' indicates the phase of ongoing research within lower-resource settings. The study on tannic acid could offer solutions pertinent to populations in developing countries, where diabetes and related conditions are increasingly prevalent, necessitating affordable treatment options.
20) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' signifies a possible concern in diabetic subjects, as complications might arise from internal or external injuries. The research on tannic acid may indirectly address these issues by reinforcing overall health and protective mechanisms through antioxidative properties.
21) Channel:
'Channel' is a singular form referring to a specific pathway. In this research, it could be examined how specific biochemical channels are affected by treatments with tannic acid, influencing metabolic outcomes in diabetic subjects.
22) Company:
'Company' in this context may relate to the entities or organizations involved in the production of the chemicals or compounds used in the study. It speaks to the collaboration needed in scientific research for sourcing materials critical for experimentation.
23) Repair:
'Repair' describes the biological process by which cells and tissues recover from damage. This study aims to identify whether tannic acid can enhance the repair mechanisms in insulin-producing cells or mitigate damage caused by oxidative stress.
24) Powder:
'Powder' indicates the form in which tannic acid is used. The physical state of the substance is important for its administration and bioavailability in experimental settings, which can affect its effectiveness in exerting biological effects.
25) Aroma (A-roma):
'Aroma' refers to the scent profile of substances, which may play a role in dietary preferences and palatability. While not a direct focus, understanding the aromatic properties of tannic acid might influence its acceptance as a dietary supplement.
26) Fever:
'Fever' can indicate a symptom associated with infections or chronic conditions. The study may uncover whether tannic acid’s anti-inflammatory properties could aid in managing fever and associated discomfort in diabetic patients.
27) House:
'House' refers to the physical environment for laboratory animals. Proper housing ensures ethical treatment, comfort, and safety for the rats used in research, influencing their physiological responses and the validity of experimentation outcomes.
28) Wall:
'Wall' can refer to components of the housing structure that keep animals secure and prevent external interference. Proper construction of walls is essential to ensure stability and safety for research subjects during experiments.
29) Cage:
'Cage' reaffirms the importance of safe environments specifically designed for animals used in the study. An appropriate cage design is vital for ethical standards and ensuring optimal care of the laboratory rats.
30) Food:
'Food' signifies the dietary sustenance provided to the rats throughout the study. Proper nutrition is crucial in experimental settings, directly affecting animal health, metabolic responses, and the overall success of the research.