Literary review on beeja and beejdushti
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Literary review on beeja and beejdushti
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. Neha Barua, Dr. Vandana Thakur and Dr. Rahul Sharma
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Literary review on beeja and beejdushti
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202013-18934
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The paper by Dr. Neha Barua and colleagues presents a literary review on the concepts of "Beeja" and "Beejdushti" from an Ayurvedic perspective. "Beeja," which refers to the germinal cells (sperm and ovum), plays a crucial role in heredity, encompassing the genetic traits passed from parents to offspring. The authors cite ancient Ayurvedic texts, particularly the works of Acharya Charak and Susruth, to illustrate how genetics is defined in Ayurveda and the implications of vitiation of "Beeja" on the health of future generations.
The Concept of Beeja and its Importance
The concept of "Beeja" is foundational in understanding heredity within Ayurveda. It is proposed that the fusion of "Shuddha Shukra" (pure sperm) and "Shonit" (ovum) in the Garbhashaya (uterus) leads to the development of the embryo, or "Garbha." The quality of "Beeja" is essential, as any "Dosha" (defect) associated with the sperm or ovum will adversely affect the offspring. The paper emphasizes the role of genetic components within "Beeja," such as "Beejabhaga" (chromosome) and "Beejabhagavayava" (genes), which dictate the development of body organs and can result in anomalies if vitiated.
The Role of Matruja and Pitruja Bhava
Acharya Charak expounds on the notion of "Matruja Bhava" and "Pitruja Bhava," describing how the genetic expressions from the mother and father influence the development of the fetus. "Matruja," representing the maternal contributions through blood and "Shonit," contrasts with "Pitruja," which indicates paternal influences through sperm. These parental characteristics combine to shape the offspring. The imbalance or vitiation in these genetic materials can lead to deformities, manifesting the importance of maternal and paternal health before conception.
Consequences of Vitiation in Beeja
Vitiation or abnormalities in "Beeja" have pronounced effects on the developing fetus. The authors discuss various disorders associated with the vitiation of male or female gametes, such as "Kushta" and "Klavya," which can lead to significant health concerns in the child. The paper correlates how these genetic disorders can reflect parental diseases, underscoring the link between hereditary issues and the quality of gametes. Furthermore, the distinctions regarding the effects based on which parent's genetic material is affected highlight the nuanced understanding of inheritance in Ayurvedic practices.
Conclusion
The authors conclude that Ayurvedic scholars have provided a comprehensive framework for understanding genetics through the concepts of "Beeja," "Beejabhaga," and "Beejabhagavayava." The integrity of these genetic units is paramount for ensuring healthy offspring, and any disruptions can lead to hereditary diseases or abnormalities. The review emphasizes the need for a deeper appreciation of these ancient insights into genetics, which carry significant implications for contemporary practices related to reproductive health and disease prevention.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What does heredity refer to in genetics according to Ayurveda?
Heredity is described as the transfer of traits from parents to offspring, involving factors like Matruja (maternal) and Pitruja (paternal) bhavas that contribute to the development of the fetus in Ayurveda.
What are the key components of genetic units in Ayurveda?
The key genetic units are Beeja (germinal cell), Beejbhaga (chromosome), and Beejbhagavyava (gene). These units play crucial roles in the development of the various traits and characteristics of offspring.
How does vitiation of Beeja affect offspring?
If Beeja, Beejbhaga, or their components are vitiated, the resulting offspring may inherit deformities or diseases. This can occur if parents carry genetic defects that affect the formation of sperm or ovum.
What are the six factors responsible for fetal development?
The six factors are Matruja, Pitruja, Satvaj, Satmyaj, Rasaj, and Aatmaj Bhava. These contribute to the nutrients and traits passed down to the developing fetus.
What is the significance of the Beejabhaga in organ development?
Beejabhaga is responsible for forming different body organs and tissues. It functions similarly to chromosomes, transmitting hereditary traits from parents to offspring and influencing organogenesis.
What can result from vitiation of Shukra or Shonit?
Vitiation of Shukra (sperm) or Shonit (ovum) can lead to conditions like infertility, miscarriage, or the birth of children with abnormalities depending on the degree of vitiation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Literary review on beeja and beejdushti”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Shukra (Sukra):
Shukra refers to the sperm in Ayurvedic texts and signifies male reproductive energy. It is essential for the creation of life, being one half of the 'Beeja' (seed) that contributes to the child's genetic makeup, as outlined in ancient Ayurvedic scriptures. The purity and quality of Shukra directly influence the health of the offspring.
2) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the corruption or impairment of a fundamental quality. In the context of Ayurveda, it most often applies to Shukra or Shonita and can lead to various genetic issues in offspring. This term underlines the importance of maintaining the purity of reproductive elements to ensure healthy progeny.
3) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha signifies a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, representing the three energies or humors—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Imbalances or vitiation of doshas can affect the quality of Shukra and Shonita, leading to health issues in the child. Understanding dosha is essential for lineage health and hereditary qualities.
4) Barua:
Barua is a part of the authorship of the article and signifies the collaborative work of the researchers involved in understanding Ayurvedic concepts of genetics. The mention of their names reflects academic credibility and the importance of interdisciplinary research in traditional medicine and genetics.
5) Disease:
Diseases refer to pathological conditions resulting from imbalances in the body. Ayurvedic literature provides insights into hereditary diseases that may arise from vitiated Shukra and Shonita, guiding preventive care and personalized treatment strategies for better health outcomes.
6) Garbha:
Garbha refers to the fetus or developing embryo in Ayurvedic texts. It signifies the culmination of genetic contributions from both parents through Shukra and Shonita, emphasizing the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in prenatal development and health of the future child.
7) Bhava:
Bhava translates to the characteristics, qualities, or attributes that are inherited from parents. In Ayurveda, different Bhavas such as Matruja (maternal) and Pitruja (paternal) contribute to defining a child's mental, physical, and emotional traits, emphasizing the importance of lineage in health and personality.
8) Birth:
Birth signifies the process wherein a child enters the world, important in various cultural and medical discussions. In Ayurvedic contexts, the manner, timing, and conditions surrounding birth can significantly affect the child's health and developmental outcomes based on genetic and environmental factors.
9) Bija:
Bija refers to the seed or germinal elements that include both Shukra and Shonita. In the context of reproduction, Bija is vital in understanding hereditary characteristics transmitted through generations, with implications for health and disease that are central to Ayurvedic genetic theory.
10) Male:
Male refers to the gender determined by the male gamete or sperm, crucial in the context of Ayurveda's understanding of genetics. The interactions between male and female reproductive elements influence the sex of the offspring and the hereditary traits they inherit.
11) Garbhashaya (Garbhasaya, Garbha-ashaya):
Garbhashaya is the Ayurvedic term for the womb or uterus, where the fetus (Garbha) develops. The conditions and qualities of the Garbhashaya can impact the health and development of the child, highlighting the relationship between maternal health and genetic transmission.
12) Samhita:
Samhitas, plural of Samhita, refers to collections of ancient Ayurvedic texts rich with wisdom on various health aspects, including genetics. They offer guidance on the interrelated nature of body, mind, and spirit, emphasizing holistic health approaches in Ayurvedic practices.
13) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti translates to 'deformity' or 'abnormality' and refers to any imbalance or disorder that alters the natural state of the body or its functions. This term is particularly relevant in understanding genetic disorders resulting from vitiated Shukra and Shonita.
14) Patanjali:
Patanjali is associated with the establishment of Yoga philosophy and its integration into Ayurvedic practices. His teachings contribute significantly to the understanding of physical and spiritual health, emphasizing holistic approaches to genetics and well-being.
15) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is an ancient city in India, often referred to as a center for learning, especially in Ayurveda. Its historical significance lends credibility and context to traditional practices that are foundational in the discussion of genetics and health.
16) Shonita (Sonita):
Shonita refers to the ovum in Ayurvedic texts, playing a crucial role alongside Shukra in the formation of offspring. The health and quality of Shonita are critical for successful reproduction and the potential health of future generations.
17) Snigdha:
Snigdha translates to oily or unctuous in Ayurveda, describing qualities essential for healthy Shukra and Shonita. The aligned quality of Snigdha assists in reproductive processes and is indicative of vitality, impacting genetic expression in offspring.
18) Vaidya:
Vaidya refers to a practitioner of Ayurveda, who possesses knowledge of herbal medicine, body systems, and health principles. Their understanding of genetics enhances their ability to treat and advise on hereditary conditions and the well-being of future generations.
19) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma appears as part of the authorship in the article and signifies the contributions of Dr. Rahul Sharma, emphasizing collaboration among researchers in Ayurvedic medicine. His work contributes to the understanding of complex genetic interactions within traditional frameworks.
20) Reason:
Reason signifies a cause or explanation for phenomena. In the context of Ayurvedic genetics, it explores the causes behind hereditary traits and genetic disorders, providing insights into how lifestyle and environment influence genetics and offspring health.
21) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra refers to the branch of Ayurveda focused on alchemical processes and the medicinal properties of metals and minerals. This field contributes to the understanding of bodily functions and health, impacting genetic makeup and hereditary health in offspring.
22) Sphatikabha (Sphatika-abha):
Sphatikabha refers to the clarity or transparency of Shukra, indicating a high-quality aspect that supports healthy reproductive processes. The state of Sphatikabha is essential for determining the potential health and genetic viability of the child.
23) Discussion:
Discussion represents the deliberation on findings related to Ayurveda and genetics in the article. It signifies the sharing of insights regarding hereditary characteristics and vitiation impacts on offspring, fostering better understanding and holistic interventions in health practices.
24) Developing:
Developing refers to the growth and maturation of the embryo (Garbha) during pregnancy. This phase is crucial for the genetic influence of Shukra and Shonita, impacting the physical and mental traits that offspring may inherit, guiding practitioners on prenatal health.
25) Suffering:
Suffering represents the physical or mental distress caused by disease or disorders. In the context of Ayurveda, understanding the hereditary aspects that contribute to suffering aids in more holistic treatment approaches, helping address underlying genetic issues.
26) Avayava:
Avayava refers to the components or parts of the gene, emphasizing the granularity of genetic inheritance. This term is critical in understanding how specific traits may emerge in offspring based on the health of the parents' reproductive elements.
27) Granthi (Gramthi):
Granthi refers to a type of blockage or knot in the body, often described in the context of reproductive function. Understanding Granthi aspects in relation to reproductive health is vital for recognizing how physical anomalies can contribute to issues in siring healthy offspring.
28) Vyakhya:
Vyakhya translates to commentary or explanation within Ayurvedic texts. It supports the study of ancient scriptures, providing deeper understanding and interpretations that enhance the comprehension of genetics and health issues as described by classical Ayurvedic scholars.
29) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha signifies skin diseases mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, which can have hereditary implications. Understanding the transfer of such conditions through genetic factors is crucial in identifying preventive measures and treatment protocols for affected individuals.
30) Bandhya:
Bandhya refers to infertility or sterility, highlighting the inability to conceive. In Ayurveda, understanding Bandhya involves examining the health of Shukra and Shonita, emphasizing the critical role of genetic integrity in reproductive success and healthy lineage.
31) Shuddha (Suddha):
Shuddha refers to purity and clarity, particularly in relation to Shukra and Shonita. Maintaining Shuddha quality is vital in Ayurveda for ensuring that the hereditary material is healthy for reproduction, reflecting a key principle in holistic health care.
32) Sharira (Sarira):
Sharira means the physical body in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding the relationship between the body and genetics is crucial, as the physical health and characteristics are inherited traits influenced by the quality of Shukra and Shonita.
33) Science (Scientific):
Science in this context refers to the systematic study of natural phenomena, including genetics and health. Ayurveda, as an ancient science, offers insights into hereditary factors influencing health, underlying the importance of scientific inquiry in understanding traditional knowledge.
34) Caraka:
Caraka refers to Acharya Caraka, a revered figure in Ayurvedic medicine who greatly contributed to understanding health, disease, and genetics. His insights form the foundation for many Ayurvedic principles regarding heredity and reproductive health.
35) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha describes a dry or rough quality in substances or body tissues. In the context of Shukra and Shonita, a Ruksha quality could indicate issues in reproductive health, affecting the quality of genetic material and influencing offspring wellness.
36) Sthana:
Sthana translates to location or place, often signifying specific locations within the body or the framework for health conditions. In understanding reproductive health, Sthana becomes relevant to discuss where genetic material interacts and develops.
37) Rakta:
Rakta translates to blood, serving as an essential medium for nurturing life and carrying hereditary traits. In Ayurveda, the quality of Rakta can reflect the health status of parents and its influence on the offspring's genetics.
38) Drava:
Drava refers to liquidity or fluidity, often relating to body fluids or secretions. A healthy Drava quality is essential for reproductive elements like Shukra, ensuring proper nourishment and transportation of genetic materials vital for offspring development.
39) Varta:
Varta refers to the concept of individuality or distinctive traits that emerge in offspring. Understanding Varta in Ayurveda emphasizes how complex interactions between genetic factors lead to unique characteristics that define each child.
40) Dhatu:
Dhatu signifies the fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda, each with specific functions. The quality of Dhatus, directly linked to nutrition and genetics, plays a crucial role in determining the overall health and development of offspring.
41) Ghana:
Ghana indicates density or solid quality, important for understanding the nutrition and structural properties of Shukra and Shonita. Healthy Ghana quality contributes to the strength of the genetic material passed to the next generation.
42) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is a prominent language in India, the context suggesting the translation and dissemination of Ayurvedic texts and practices to a wider audience. Its mention emphasizes accessibility and the importance of comprehending traditional wisdom in modern contexts.
43) Blood:
Blood refers to the vital fluid that circulates nutrients and genetic information within the body. In Ayurveda, blood quality (Rakta) is closely associated with maternal health and influences the health of the developing fetus.
44) Vayu:
Vaayu signifies the life force or wind element in Ayurveda, responsible for bodily functions. Its influence on reproductive elements stresses the importance of mental and physical well-being in the context of healthy genetic transmission.
45) Atman (Atma):
Aatma means the soul or consciousness, essential in Ayurvedic philosophy that connects physical and mental attributes with hereditary traits. Understanding Aatma's role in health illustrates the holistic nature of Ayurveda in discussing genetics.
46) Roga:
Roga translates to disease, indicating the pathological conditions addressed in Ayurveda. By examining genetic factors contributing to Rogas, practitioners can develop targeted treatment strategies that consider both hereditary patterns and lifestyle.
47) Tanu:
Tanu refers to the physical body or physique, emphasizing the importance of genetics in determining one's physical characteristics. Understanding Tanu in Ayurveda sheds light on how hereditary factors influence overall health and individual features.
48) Jiva:
Jiva signifies life force or consciousness, pivotal in the Ayurvedic understanding of health and vitality. The concept implies that genetics not only shapes physical attributes but also the innate qualities that govern life experiences.
49) Puti:
Puti indicates decayed or unclean aspects, often applied in health contexts. It encompasses the importance of maintaining bodily purity to avoid hereditary diseases and ensures the health of reproductive materials, thus impacting future generations.
50) Mana:
Mana signifies the mind or consciousness in Ayurveda, indicating the interplay between mental well-being and genetic traits. The quality of Mana impacts behavior and emotionally inherited characteristics, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of health in Ayurveda.
51) Aha (Ahan, Ahar):
Ahar translates to diet or food, central to Ayurveda. It extends beyond mere nutrition, affecting the quality of Shukra and Shonita, thereby influencing the genetic outcomes and health of future progeny.
52) Kala:
Kala signifies a 'time' or 'phase', thus plays a crucial role when considering genetic implications. In Ayurveda, the timing of certain events can affect the attributes passed down through generations, indicating the importance of periods for reproduction in health.
53) Life:
Life represents existence and vitality, encompassing all aspects of living beings. In Ayurvedic discussions of genetics, Life emphasizes the interconnectedness of health, wellness, and the transmission of traits from one generation to the next.