A literature review study on vipadika kustha
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A literature review study on vipadika kustha
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Varsha Sarsande, Bhushan Raghuwanshi, Kanchan Ambhore and Premadevi Kalmegh
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A literature review study on vipadika kustha
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202014-19142
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Summary of article contents:
Summary of the Literature Review Study on Vipadika Kustha
Introduction
The review article focuses on "Vipadika Kustha," a skin disease categorized under the broader term "Kustha" in Ayurveda, which encompasses various skin conditions that lead to significant functional and social disabilities. Vipadika is characterized by blisters, pustules, or cracks in the palms and soles, associated with intense pain or "Teevra Vedana." The study highlights the importance of understanding Vipadika in a clinical context, focusing on its etiology (Nidana) and treatment (Chikitsa). This review aims to collate existing literature on the subject to present a comprehensive understanding of the disease.
The Concept of Nidana (Etiology)
Nidana refers to the causative factors that lead to the onset of Vipadika Kustha. The review identifies various dietary (Aharaj) and lifestyle (Viharaj) factors that can exacerbate the condition. Key dietary factors include combinations of incompatible food items, such as fish and milk, which are deemed viruddha (contradictory). Environmental and behavioral triggers such as sudden climate changes, physical strain after eating, and suppression of natural urges are categorized under Viharaj factors. Understanding these Nidanas is vital for devising preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches in Ayurveda for managing Vipadika.
Historical Background and Definitions
The historical evolution of the understanding of Vipadika Kustha is traced through ancient Ayurvedic texts, including the Atharvaveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushruta Samhita. Vipadika is described as a type of Twak Roga or skin disorder, specifically labeled as Kshudra Kustha. Historical texts provide a range of terms and descriptions illustrating the symptoms, including "Pani Sphutana" (blisters on hands) and "Pada Sphutana" (blisters on feet). Different scholars have contributed various definitions that demonstrate the long-standing acknowledgment of this condition in Ayurveda.
Clinical Aspects and Treatment Strategies
The article emphasizes the clinical features associated with Vipadika, including the severity of pain and impact on the patient's quality of life. Understanding the clinical manifestations is crucial for proper diagnosis and management. The treatment modalities encompass Shodhana (cleansing therapies) and Shamana (palliative care) approaches. Specific Ayurvedic formulations such as Tundi Ghrita, Panchatikta Ghrita, and Mahakalanalo Rasa are discussed for their efficacy in treating the symptoms and underlying doshic imbalances in Vipadika. The importance of tailored treatment strategies to address individual patient needs is underscored.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the literature review provides an extensive exploration of Vipadika Kustha, incorporating its definition, historical context, etiological factors, clinical features, and treatment modalities. It highlights that while Vipadika is discussed within the framework of Kustha in classical Ayurvedic texts, further clinical research is necessary to validate treatment efficacy and refine understanding. The study ultimately aims to encourage future investigations to enhance the management of Vipadika Kustha by shedding light on its complex nature and multifaceted treatment approaches.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Vipadika Kustha and its main symptoms?
Vipadika Kustha is a skin condition characterized by severe pain and blisters, particularly on the palms and soles, causing significant functional and social disabilities for patients.
How is Vipadika classified in Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, Vipadika is classified under Kustha Roga, which encompasses various skin diseases. It refers specifically to conditions affecting the hands and feet with painful blisters.
What are the potential Nidanas (causes) of Vipadika?
Nidanas for Vipadika can include improper dietary practices and physical exertion after meals, as well as environmental factors like sudden temperature changes that can aggravate the condition.
What treatments are suggested for Vipadika Kustha?
Treatments for Vipadika Kustha include both Shodhana and Shamana therapies. Specific herbs and formulations, such as Tundi ghrita or Panchatikta ghrita, are used for internal and external applications.
How prevalent are skin diseases like Vipadika globally?
Skin diseases, including forms like Palmoplantar Psoriasis associated with Vipadika, are prevalent, affecting approximately 15% of the global population and causing functional and social challenges.
What is the significance of research on Vipadika Kustha?
Research on Vipadika Kustha is significant for deepening understanding of its causes, symptoms, and effective treatments, which can lead to improved quality of life for affected individuals.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A literature review study on vipadika kustha”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Vipadika:
Vipadika refers to a specific type of skin condition characterized by the appearance of blisters or pustules on the palms and soles. It is categorized under Kustha, a broader class of skin disorders in Ayurveda. The severity and social implications of Vipadika significantly impact the quality of life, necessitating thorough understanding and treatment.
2) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kustha is a Sanskrit term used in Ayurveda to denote skin diseases. It encompasses a variety of conditions that manifest on the skin and can lead to significant cosmetic and social issues. Understanding Kustha's pathology and its treatment options is crucial for Ayurvedic practitioners in managing skin disorders.
3) Disease:
Diseases in the context of Ayurveda encompass a wide range of conditions affecting individuals due to imbalances in the body’s energies. Comprehensive knowledge of diseases, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments, is crucial for effective Ayurvedic healthcare.
4) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causative factors or imbalances leading to a disease. In Ayurvedic medicine, identifying the Nidana is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. It encompasses both dietary factors (Aharaj) and lifestyle choices (Viharaj) that may contribute to the patient's health issues.
5) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita is a type of clarified butter or ghee used extensively in Ayurvedic formulations. It serves both as a base for herbal medicines and offers nutritional benefits. Ghrita is prized for its permeation abilities and effectiveness in delivering medicinal properties to the body.
6) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts that systematically compile medical knowledge. Ayurvedic Samhitas, such as Charaka and Sushruta, lay the foundation for Ayurvedic theory and practice, detailing various diseases, their treatment protocols, and philosophical aspects of health and healing.
7) Taila (Thaila):
Taila is the Ayurvedic term for oil, used in various treatments and therapies. Different oils, often infused with herbal properties, are utilized for anointing, massage, and internal consumption. Taila plays a significant role in balancing the body's doshas and providing nourishment to the skin.
8) Pada:
Pada means feet in Sanskrit, and it holds significance in Ayurveda for diagnosing various conditions. Many skin disorders, such as Vipadika, manifest on the palms and soles, requiring specific treatments. The health of the feet is often linked to overall wellness in Ayurvedic practice.
9) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purvarupa pertains to the preclinical stage or initial symptoms of a disease that precede the full manifestation. Identifying Purvarupa in Ayurvedic practice allows for early intervention, potentially preventing the progression of ailments like Kustha and enhancing overall health management.
10) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra refers to minor or less severe forms of skin diseases in Ayurveda. Despite being classified as lesser ailments, conditions like Kshudra Kushta can significantly affect a person's quality of life, underscoring the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment.
11) Roga:
Roga translates to disease or disorder in Ayurvedic terminology. It represents an altered state of health that necessitates intervention. Understanding Rogas includes recognizing the imbalances in the doshas, dhatus, and agni, which are central to diagnosing and treating health issues.
12) Lepa:
Lepa signifies a paste or topical application used in Ayurvedic treatments. Comprised of herbs mixed with liquids, Lepa is utilized for local ailments, providing therapeutic benefits directly to the affected area. Its formulations vary based on the specific condition being treated.
13) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—that govern physiological and psychological functions. Each person has a unique dosha constitution that influences their health and predisposition to certain ailments; therefore, understanding doshas is vital in personalized treatment plans.
14) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurvedic medicine, characterized by elements of water and earth. It embodies qualities such as stability, lubrication, and cohesion. An imbalance in Kapha may lead to conditions like obesity and respiratory issues, necessitating specific lifestyle adjustments.
15) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa refers to muscle tissue in Ayurveda and plays an essential role in bodily sustenance and movement. Understanding the health of Mamsa is important for maintaining muscle strength and overall physical health, as well as its influence on various disorders.
16) Rakta:
Rakta translates to blood in Ayurvedic terminology. It is considered one of the vital dhatus, essential for vitality and nourishment. The balance and quality of Rakta are crucial for overall health, and its conditions can lead to systemic diseases.
17) Study (Studying):
Study in this context refers to the systematic examination or review of Ayurvedic literature and practices related to specific ailments like Vipadika. Engaging in study allows practitioners and researchers to deepen their understanding and improve treatment methodologies for skin disorders.
18) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with air and ether elements. It governs bodily functions related to motion, communication, and circulation. An imbalance in Vata can lead to a variety of health issues, including anxiety and digestive problems.
19) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshanas refer to the specific characteristics or features indicative of a particular disease or condition. Understanding Lakshanas aids practitioners in diagnosing specific ailments and tailoring effective treatments based on individual patient presentations.
20) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Sangraha denotes a collection or compilation of knowledge. In Ayurvedic texts, Sangraha specifically refers to organized information regarding herbs, diseases, treatments, and philosophies. This structured repository aids practitioners in their educational and clinical practices.
21) Vedana:
Vedana translates to pain or discomfort in Ayurveda. Understanding variables contributing to Vedana is crucial for effective management of conditions, especially for patients suffering from chronic conditions like Vipadika, where pain can severely affect their quality of life.
22) Pitta:
Pitta is another of the three doshas and represents the principles of transformation and metabolism. It is primarily associated with fire and water, influencing digestion and temperature regulation. An imbalance in Pitta can lead to inflammatory conditions and digestive disorders.
23) Madhu:
Madhu refers to honey, which is valued in Ayurveda for its therapeutic properties. Used as a sweetener and medicinal agent, Madhu is believed to aid in digestion, provide energy, and serve as a carrier for other medicinal substances.
24) Dadhi:
Dadhi refers to yogurt or curds in Ayurvedic practice. It is considered cooling and nutritious, aiding digestion and promoting gut health. Dadhi is often used as a dietary recommendation or included in formulations to balance the body's doshas.
25) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu translates to itching in Ayurveda, commonly associated with various skin conditions. It is an indicator of irritation and imbalance in the body's systems. Understanding the cause of Kandu is essential for treatment, particularly for skin diseases like Vipadika.
26) Table:
Table in this context refers to organized data representation within the study. Tables are often used in academic papers to summarize information such as Nidana for different conditions, allowing for easier comprehension and comparison of diseases and their attributes.
27) Hetu:
Hetu denotes the cause or origin of a disease in Ayurvedic medicine. Identifying the Hetu is essential for effective treatment as it guides practitioners in addressing the root causes of ailments rather than merely alleviating symptoms.
28) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa translates to taste or flavor in Ayurveda, which is essential in determining the quality and effect of foods and medicines. Each taste has specific properties that can influence the body's doshas and overall health, informing dietary choices.
29) Milk:
Milk, referred to as Ksheera in Ayurvedic texts, is a vital dietary component and is considered nourishing and strengthening. Its consumption is often recommended for balancing doshas and improving overall health, especially for conditions like Vipadika.
30) Sthana:
Sthana means location or site in Sanskrit. In the context of Ayurvedic diagnosis, identifying the Sthana of disease manifestation is critical in formulating an effective treatment strategy, as certain practices address specific areas of the body.
31) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja indicates diseases arising from an imbalance in the Vata dosha. Conditions categorized under Vataja are often associated with dryness and mobility issues. Understanding Vataja ailments is crucial for practitioners to develop targeted interventions.
32) Krimi (Krmi):
Krimi denotes parasites or worms in the context of Ayurvedic medicine. The presence of Krimi can lead to various health issues, and their management is vital in addressing chronic conditions and maintaining overall health.
33) Pani (Panin):
Pani translates to hands in Sanskrit and, similar to Pada, plays a crucial role in diagnoses related to various skin conditions like Vipadika. Observing manifestations on the hands can provide key insights into overall health disturbances.
34) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha is associated with the notion of three governing energies in Ayurvedic theory: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Recognizing their dominance helps practitioners tailor therapies that restore harmony and address health concerns effectively.
35) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a significant herbal formulation in Ayurveda, made from three fruits: Amalaki, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It's renowned for its detoxifying and rejuvenating properties, useful for digestive health and supporting various body functions.
36) Amravati:
Amravati is a city in India associated with various Ayurvedic practices and traditions. The region serves as a hub for Ayurvedic education and research, contributing to the preservation and advancement of holistic healing.
37) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to the state of being compromised or disturbed, particularly concerning the doshas. Understanding the concept of vitiation is pivotal in Ayurveda, as it helps diagnose and address the root causes of diseases.
38) Asadhya:
Asadhya translates to incurable in Ayurveda. Understanding which conditions are classified as Asadhya helps practitioners set realistic expectations and focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life where complete cure is not possible.
39) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga, or 'Eightfold,' refers to the classical texts and the eight branches of Ayurveda, indicating a comprehensive system of healing. The Astanga system integrates various therapeutic approaches to balance the body, mind, and spirit.
40) Lasika:
Lasika denotes lymph in Ayurvedic terminology. It plays a crucial role in nourishing the body and facilitating waste removal. An understanding of Lasika's health is vital for maintaining bodily fluid balance and immunity.
41) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease or disorder, signifying any pathological condition interfering with normal functioning. In Ayurveda, studying Vyadhi involves understanding both the manifestation of symptoms and the underlying imbalances in the body.
42) Bahya:
Bahya refers to external treatments or therapies in Ayurveda, focusing on interventions that are applied directly to the body. This approach is essential for addressing surface-level skin conditions like Vipadika through topical applications.
43) Manda (Mamda):
Manda translates to mild or slow, commonly used to describe certain conditions in Ayurveda that present subtle symptoms. Manda conditions often require keen observation and gentle interventions to promote healing.
44) Rupa:
Rupa signifies the form or manifestation of a disease. In Ayurveda, understanding Rupa assists practitioners in identifying the specific characteristics of conditions, which aids in proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
45) Daha:
Daha translates to burning sensation in Ayurveda, often associated with inflammatory conditions or dosha imbalances. Recognizing Daha can be crucial for identifying the nature and severity of certain diseases.
46) Kala:
Kala refers to time or periods in Ayurveda, highlighting the importance of timely intervention in disease management. Each stage of illness may require different therapeutic approaches for effective healing.
47) Food:
Food in Ayurveda is critical, representing the foundation of health through diet. The composition and quality of food intake significantly impact the doshas and overall well-being. Proper dietary management is essential in treatment protocols.
48) Pain:
Pain in Ayurvedic contexts is often linked to imbalances in the doshas, especially Vata and Pitta. Understanding the nature of pain aids in diagnosing underlying conditions and guiding appropriate treatment choices.
49) Hand:
Hands, or Pani, are significant in diagnosing specific health conditions, especially skin disorders. Observing manifestations on the hands aids in correlating symptoms to underlying imbalances.
50) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation, or Daha, is a common symptom in many skin disorders and digestive complaints. Recognizing a burning sensation allows Ayurvedic practitioners to identify specific imbalances and apply targeted treatment strategies.
51) Sthanasamshraya (Sthanasamsraya, Sthana-samshraya):
Sthana-samshraya refers to the accumulation of doshas in specific locations of the body. Understanding Sthana-samshraya helps practitioners determine the underlying causes of conditions and tailor treatments to address localized imbalances.
52) Dadhimanda (Dadhi-manda, Dadhimamda):
Dadhimanda refers to a buttermilk preparation beneficial for digestive health and balancing Pitta dosha. This Ayurvedic concoction's cooling properties make it suitable for treating inflammatory conditions.
53) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to medicine or medicinal preparation in Ayurveda. Understanding the principles of Bhaishajya is essential for effective treatment formulation tailored to individual health requirements and conditions.
54) Shaithilya (Saithilya):
Shaithilya denotes laxity or looseness in the tissues or muscles within Ayurvedic paradigms. This state can lead to disorders and emphasizes the importance of maintaining strength and integrity of bodily tissues.
55) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja signifies diseases caused by the imbalance of all three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Recognizing Tridoshaja conditions helps practitioners create comprehensive treatment plans that address multiple imbalances simultaneously.
56) Samprapti:
Samprapti denotes the pathogenesis or the process through which a disease manifests. Understanding Samprapti is critical for Ayurvedic practitioners to develop effective treatment strategies that address the root cause of diseases.
57) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is one of the renowned ancient Ayurvedic scholars credited with composing texts that significantly contribute to Ayurvedic knowledge. His principles and teachings continue to inform contemporary practices and education in Ayurveda.
58) Dhattura:
Dhattura refers to Datura, a plant used in Ayurvedic treatments known for its medicinal properties. Proper use of Dhattura can aid in managing specific health issues, but caution is warranted due to potential toxicity.
59) Tandula (Tamdula):
Tandula means rice and is a staple in Ayurvedic diets. It plays a vital role in nutrition and balance of the doshas, providing essential energy and nourishment necessary for maintaining health.
60) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali refers to long pepper, an important herb in Ayurveda because of its digestive, heating, and detoxifying properties. It is used to enhance digestion and respiratory function, highlighting its significance in Ayurvedic treatments.
61) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to disorders arising from an imbalance in the Kapha dosha. Treating Kaphaja conditions involves managing excess qualities associated with Kapha, including heaviness and sluggishness, often requiring specific lifestyle and dietary changes.
62) Doshaja (Dosha-ja, Dosaja):
Doshaja indicates health conditions primarily arising from the imbalance of one or more of the body’s doshas. Understanding Doshaja diseases is essential in Ayurveda, guiding practitioners in their diagnostic and treatment approaches.
63) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning is frequently used to describe symptoms in various conditions, particularly those related to Pitta dosha. This sensation can indicate inflammation or irritation, prompting examination and treatment tailored to address such symptoms.
64) Itching:
Itching, or Kandu, is a common symptom in many skin conditions indicating irritation or imbalances. Recognizing itching helps practitioners evaluate the severity of skin ailments and dictate suitable treatment pathways accordingly.
65) Vikara:
Vikara indicates the manifestation of a disease or disorder. Recognizing Vikara helps Ayurvedic practitioners assess conditions effectively to develop tailored therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring health.
66) Dravya:
Dravyas refer to substances, especially herbs and minerals, used in Ayurvedic treatments. Each Dravya has specific properties that contribute to the healing process tailored to individual health needs.
67) Sevana:
Sevana refers to practices or behaviors that lead to certain outcomes, particularly regarding one's health. Evaluating Sevana is essential for determining factors contributing to health conditions and guiding effective treatment modalities.
68) Vaidya:
Vaidya refers to a physician or practitioner of Ayurvedic medicine. The Vaidya's role is crucial in assessing health conditions, offering treatments, and educating patients about maintaining a balanced lifestyle according to Ayurvedic principles.
69) Harita:
Harita indicates a green quality or healthiness often associated with natural and nutritious foods in Ayurveda. Consuming Harita foods promotes vitality and balances the doshas, contributing positively to overall health.
70) Sphota:
Sphota refers to sudden eruptions or lesions, commonly noted in skin conditions. Recognizing Sphota assists practitioners in diagnosing skin diseases like Vipadika, allowing for targeted therapeutic interventions.
71) Patola:
Patola refers to a specific medicinal plant known for its properties in Ayurveda. It is often included in formulations aimed at treating various ailments, particularly those related to skin conditions.
72) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya indicates the tissue or substrate affected by a disease in Ayurveda. Understanding Dushya aids practitioners in identifying the areas of focus during treatment to restore balance and health.
73) Shukra (Sukra):
Shukra refers to reproductive tissue in Ayurveda and plays a vital role in sustaining life and vitality. Maintaining healthy Shukra is important for fertility and overall reproductive health.
74) Vamana:
Vamana signifies therapeutic vomiting, one of the Panchakarma cleansing methods in Ayurveda. It is used to eliminate toxins and excess Kapha from the body, promoting balance and health.
75) Mithya:
Mithya denotes incorrect or improper practices, especially in diet and lifestyle. Identifying Mithya habits is critical in Ayurveda, as they often underlie imbalances that lead to health issues.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 263]
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