Review study of dhatwagnimandya (hypothyroidism) and its ayurvedic management
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review study of dhatwagnimandya (hypothyroidism) and its ayurvedic management
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Dr. Priyanka Mourya, Dr. Abhishek Bhushan Sharma and Dr. C. M. Kansal
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Review study of dhatwagnimandya (hypothyroidism) and its ayurvedic management
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202015-19232
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to a decrease in the basal metabolic rate. This disorder is prevalent in around 1% of the general population and significantly affects women, with a 10% prevalence noted in adult females in India. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and cold intolerance, which can severely impact a person's quality of life. Current modern treatments primarily involve lifelong hormone replacement therapy with Levothyroxine, which is associated with various side effects. This review aims to correlate hypothyroidism with the Ayurvedic concept of Dhatwagnimandya and explore traditional Ayurvedic management strategies.
Dhatwagnimandya: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Dhatwagnimandya, which can be translated as "a deficiency in tissue metabolism," is hypothesized to correlate with hypothyroidism due to shared clinical features. Ayurveda emphasizes the significance of agni (digestive fire) which governs metabolic processes in the body, categorizing it into Jatharagni, Dhatvagni, and Bhootagni. Any compromise in Jatharagni leads to Dhatwagnimandya, manifesting in symptoms that parallel those observed in hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, weight gain, and a general sense of heaviness. Specifically, Dhatwagni is reliant on Jatharagni's health, indicating that disturbances in the digestive fire may contribute to the development of tissue metabolism disorders.
Modern Understanding of Hypothyroidism
In modern medicine, hypothyroidism is typified by reduced levels of thyroid hormones, with primary hypothyroidism arising from intrinsic thyroid gland issues, while secondary hypothyroidism results from problems in the pituitary or hypothalamus. Symptoms include cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue, which may overlap with the manifestations of Dhatwagnimandya. Treatment typically involves administering Levothyroxine, yet its necessity for lifelong management raises concerns regarding potential long-term side effects, emphasizing the need for complementary treatment approaches, including those found in Ayurveda.
Ayurvedic Management Strategies
The Ayurvedic approach to managing hypothyroidism involves two main treatment strategies: Shodhana (cleansing) and Samshamana (palliative). Vamana (therapeutic vomiting) is highlighted as particularly beneficial for addressing imbalances in Kapha dosha, which plays a critical role in the manifestation of hypothyroidism. Additionally, herbal medicines including Kanchanar, Guggulu, and Triphala are recommended to normalize metabolic function and restore balance. Complementary Ayurvedic practices such as yoga and pranayama, specifically asanas like Sarvangasana and Matsyasana, enhance blood flow to the thyroid area, thereby improving overall gland function and metabolic activity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, hypothyroidism can be effectively understood within the Ayurvedic framework of Dhatwagnimandya, highlighting the interconnection between metabolic dysfunction and tissue health. Recognizing that hypofunctioning of agni leads to disturbances in body metabolism allows for more holistic treatment strategies encompassing dietary guidelines, herbal medications, and lifestyle modifications. The combination of these approaches may offer patients better management of hypothyroidism, potentially alleviating the need for lifelong medication and its accompanying side effects, positioning Ayurveda as a valuable alternative and complementary system of care in managing this condition.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is hypothyroidism and its primary cause?
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, leading to a decreased metabolic rate. It is often caused by autoimmune diseases, surgical removal of the thyroid, or iodine deficiencies.
How is hypothyroidism correlated with Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, hypothyroidism can be correlated with 'Dhatwagnimandya,' a condition resulting from poor metabolic functioning and disturbances in 'Agni,' which is essential for maintaining health.
What are some common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, and bradycardia, which reflect disturbed metabolic functions.
What is the modern treatment for hypothyroidism?
Modern treatment typically involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy with Levothyroxine, which replaces deficient thyroid hormones. Regular monitoring of TSH levels is necessary for effective management.
What Ayurvedic treatments are available for hypothyroidism?
Ayurvedic treatments for hypothyroidism include detoxification therapies like Vamana and Virechana, along with herbal medications that help normalize 'Agni' and balance 'Kapha' dosha.
What lifestyle changes can support hypothyroidism management?
Engaging in regular exercise, practicing yoga asanas like Sarvangasana, and dietary adjustments to include 'Kapha-hara' foods can significantly support the management of hypothyroidism.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review study of dhatwagnimandya (hypothyroidism) and its ayurvedic management”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Agni:
'Agnis' signify the digestive forces essential for metabolic health, crucial for efficient energy utilization from food.
2) Dhatu:
'Dhatu' denotes the bodily tissues in Ayurvedic medicine, consisting of seven main types: Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), Meda (fat), Asthi (bone), Majja (bone marrow), and Shukra (reproductive tissue). These tissues play vital roles in maintenance, repair, and proper functioning of the body, contributing to overall health.
3) Kapha:
'Kapha' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of heaviness, solidity, and stability. It governs growth, immunity, and moisture in the body. An imbalance in 'Kapha' can contribute to symptoms like fatigue, obesity, and sluggishness, and is often a key factor in conditions like hypothyroidism.
4) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' signifies the first of the seven dhatus in Ayurveda. It represents the plasma or the nourishing fluid that transports nutrients throughout the body. Proper 'Rasa' function is essential for overall health as it supports hydration, nourishment of tissues, and sustains vitality and energy levels in individuals.
5) Dosha (Dosa):
'Dosha' refers to the three biological energies in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. These doshas represent various physiological functions and are integral to determining an individual's constitution and health status. Imbalances among the doshas can lead to disease manifestations, guiding practitioners in diagnosis and treatment.
6) Drug:
'Drugs' refer to substances used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure diseases. In Ayurveda, 'drugs' include herbal remedies, minerals, and formulations aimed at restoring balance among doshas and dhatus, often focusing on natural sources for therapy, contrasting with synthetic pharmaceuticals in modern medicine.
7) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
'Jatharagni' is the digestive fire located in the stomach and plays a critical role in processing food into energy and nutrients. It's fundamental for overall digestion and metabolism. When 'Jatharagni' is functioning well, it enhances the health of 'Dhatwagni', which in turn maintains overall wellbeing.
8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, emphasizing balance in body, mind, and spirit to achieve health. It encompasses principles of dosha theory, dietary guidelines, herbal medicine, and lifestyle recommendations aimed at preventing disease and promoting longevity and quality of life.
9) Medas (Meda, Medash):
'Meda' denotes the fat tissue dhatu in Ayurveda. It is essential for energy storage, nourishment, and insulation. Proper function of 'Meda' is crucial for maintaining energy levels and protecting against cold. Excessive accumulation of 'Meda' can result in obesity and associated health issues, including hypothyroidism.
10) Vriddhi (Vrddhi):
'Vriddhi' means increase or growth in Ayurvedic terminology. It often pertains to the quantity or quality of dhatus, indicating excess or overdevelopment, which could lead to various health issues. Maintaining proper 'vriddhi' (growth) of dhatus is vital for balanced health and wellbeing.
11) Pitta:
'Pitta' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with transformation, metabolism, and energy. It governs digestion, absorption, and thermal regulation in the body. Imbalances in 'Pitta' can lead to conditions of excess heat in the body, influencing overall health and energy levels.
12) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
'Kapha-Dosha' signifies the combination of the Kapha dosha's qualities—heavy, slow, and solid—within an individual. It emphasizes stability, structure, and nourishment. While Kapha is essential for health, excessive Kapha can manifest in disorders like obesity, lethargy, and other metabolic issues.
13) Dhatvagni (Dhatu-agni):
'Dhatvagni' refers to the metabolic fire responsible for the transformation and assimilation of each dhatu in Ayurveda. It is crucial for maintaining tissue health and nutrient absorption. An impaired 'Dhatvagni' can link with conditions such as hypothyroidism, leading to incomplete nutrient processing and tissue dysfunction.
14) Disease:
'Disease' refers to the disruption of normal bodily functions or structures, often resulting from imbalances in doshas, dhatus, or bodily systems. Ayurveda views disease as a manifestation of these imbalances and emphasizes restoring harmony through natural therapies and lifestyle changes.
15) India:
'India' is the birthplace of Ayurveda, with a rich legacy of traditional medicine practices that have evolved over thousands of years. Its cultural framework profoundly influences Ayurvedic treatment methods, dietary practices, and lifestyle recommendations aimed at fostering holistic health and wellness.
16) Asana (Ashana):
'Asanas' are vital for physical health in Ayurveda, supporting the flexibility and balance needed for overall vitality and wellness.
17) Vata:
'Vata' is another of the three doshas, characterized by qualities of lightness, cold, and mobility. It governs bodily movements, circulation, and communication between organ systems. An imbalance in 'Vata' can lead to various disorders, emphasizing the importance of maintaining equilibrium among all doshas.
18) Life:
'Life' in Ayurvedic context is viewed as a balance of body, mind, and spirit. It emphasizes a holistic approach towards health through proper diet, exercise, mental peace, and spirituality. Ayurveda seeks to extend life and enhance its quality through natural means and lifestyle changes.
19) Patanjali:
'Patanjali' is a revered figure in Indian philosophy and is credited with compiling the Yoga Sutras, which outline the principles of yoga practice and philosophy. His teachings have also impacted Ayurvedic practices, emphasizing the connection between the body and mind in therapeutic recovery.
20) Food:
'Food' is fundamental in Ayurveda, viewed not just as sustenance but as medicine. Different foods have unique qualities and effects on the body and mind, and dietary recommendations are tailored to individual constitutions and ailments to maintain or restore balance and health.
21) Sign:
'Sign' refers to observable phenomena associated with various diseases or health conditions. In Ayurveda, signs are crucial for diagnosing dosha imbalances and other health issues. Recognizing specific signs helps practitioners tailor treatment approaches to restore harmony in the body.
22) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
'Agnimandya' describes a condition of reduced digestive power in Ayurveda. It indicates weakened 'Agni', resulting in poor digestion, nutrient absorption, and potential health issues such as hypothyroidism. Addressing 'Agnimandya' through naturals remedies is essential for restoring metabolic health.
23) Kaphavata (Kapha-vata):
'Kapha-Vata' refers to the combined qualities of the Kapha and Vata doshas. This combination can result in diverse health manifestations, and understanding this interplay is crucial for practitioners in Ayurveda to develop effective treatment strategies tailored to individual needs.
24) Anulomana:
'Anulomana' refers to the process of promoting normal elimination and balancing bodily functions. In Ayurveda, this concept is crucial for restoring digestive health and alleviating symptoms associated with disorders such as constipation or poor metabolic function, including those linked to hypothyroidism.
25) Atisthula (Ati-sthula):
'Atisthula' refers to an excessive accumulation of fat or obesity in Ayurvedic terms. This condition is often correlated with imbalances in 'Kapha' and contributes to various health issues. Management techniques focus on reducing 'Kapha' and enhancing metabolism through dietary and lifestyle changes.
26) Prameha:
'Prameha' denotes a group of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, characterized by the loss of metabolic control. In Ayurveda, these conditions arise from doshic imbalances, particularly Kapha, and require a comprehensive treatment approach focusing on diet, lifestyle, and herbal remedies.
27) Srotas (Shrotas):
'Srotas' are described as channels or pathways in Ayurveda that facilitate the flow of bodily substances, including nutrients and waste. Proper functioning of 'Srotas' is essential for maintaining health, as blockages or imbalances can lead to various health issues, including hypothyroidism.
28) Ahara:
'Ahara' refers to food or intake in Ayurveda. A balanced diet according to one's specific dosha is paramount for maintaining health and preventing disease. Modifying dietary habits based on individual needs aids in achieving a harmonious state of health.
29) Blood:
'Blood' in Ayurveda corresponds to the 'Rakta' dhatu, which is vital for carrying nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. Healthy blood circulation plays a key role in overall metabolism and vitality, and its quality is influenced by diet, lifestyle, and emotional health.
30) Roga:
'Roga' means disease or disorder in Ayurveda. Understanding 'Roga' is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Linking symptoms to specific doshic imbalances allows practitioners to design effective treatment strategies to restore health and balance in the individual.
31) Guna:
'Gunas' are qualities influencing how substances affect the body, crucial for predicting health outcomes and guiding treatment choices.
32) Hair:
'Hairs' reflect overall health status in Ayurveda, where changes may indicate doshic imbalances or need for dietary actions.
33) Pur:
'Poor' indicates lack or deficiency, emphasizing the importance of addressing such conditions through Ayurvedic practices to promote well-being.
34) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
'Accumulation' pertains to excess substances in the body, critical in diagnosing health issues and driving remedial strategies for balance.
35) Saptadhatu (Sapta-dhatu, Saptan-dhatu):
'Sapta-dhatu' represents vital bodily tissues whose health is crucial for overall vitality, guiding interventions within Ayurvedic frameworks.
36) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
'Rasadhatu' pertains to the plasma nourishing the body, highlighting its paramount importance in sustaining overall health.
37) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
'Medadhatu' reflects adipose tissue's role in energy storage; managing its balance is pivotal for health maintenance.
38) Discussion:
'Discussion' engages in analyzing Ayurvedic concepts and practices, fostering deeper understanding and the sharing of effective treatment methodologies.
39) Similarity:
'Similarity' connects patterns in symptoms across conditions, aiding accurate diagnosis and formulation of targeted treatments in Ayurveda.
40) Shodhana (Sodhana):
'Shodhana' signifies purification practices crucial for cleansing the body of toxins and restoring balance within the dosha framework in Ayurveda.
41) Atinidra:
'Atinidra' describes excessive sleepiness signaling potential doshic imbalances that command attention for restorative health interventions.
42) Activity:
'Activity' embodies movement essential in Ayurveda for maintaining balance, enhancing vitality, and improving overall metabolic health.
43) Vitiation (Vitiated):
'Vitiation' indicates disturbances prompting the need to address foundational health issues to restore balance effectively.
44) Trikatu (Tri-katu):
'Trikatu' represents herbal blends vital for enhancing digestion and tackling imbalances, underscoring its role in treatments for digestive disorders.
45) Vihara:
'Vihara' ties to lifestyle practices promoting health, outlining routines supporting balance through integrated Ayurvedic approaches.
46) Shukra (Sukra):
'Shukra' reflects vital reproductive health influenced by nutrition and doshapathology, making its restoration key in Ayurvedic treatments.
47) Tandra (Tamdra):
'Tandra' signifies lethargy indicating doshic excess and requiring strategies aimed at enhancing energy and vitality.
48) Vamana:
'Vamana' serves as a cleansing technique purging excess dosha, addressing accumulations effectively, vital for restoring balance.
49) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
'Vyadhi' encompasses health conditions requiring thorough understanding for adequate diagnosis and restoration of balance in Ayurveda.
50) Basti:
'Basti' therapy is critical for detoxification in Ayurveda, aimed at balancing doshas and supporting the restoration of health.
51) Study (Studying):
'Study' embodies investigating Ayurvedic principles and practices, critical for refining knowledge and enhancing health outcomes.
52) Mala:
'Mala' reflects waste materials needing elimination for maintaining health, crucial in preventing illness through effective detoxification strategies.
53) Rupa:
'Rupa' denotes observable qualities of health, a key factor in diagnostics and establishing treatment pathways in Ayurveda.
54) Rasavahasrotas (Rasavaha-srotas):
'Rasavaha-srotas' are vessels facilitating nutrition transport; maintaining their function is pivotal for supporting overall health.
55) Niruhabasti (Niruha-basti):
'Niruha-basti' serves as a cleansing enema pivotal in Ayurvedic detoxification and balancing doshas for improved health.
56) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
'Samshodhana' signifies detoxification practices vital for cleansing the body, curating a healthier state vital for well-being.
57) Adhishthana (Adhisthana):
'Adhisthana' identifies disease locations critical for effective Ayurvedic treatments, guiding recovery efforts towards affected areas.
58) Samshamana (Samsamana):
'Samshamana' addresses symptom alleviation approaches, emphasizing palliative care's role in Ayurvedic practices for holistic health support.
59) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
'Buttermilk' is an important nutritional component in Ayurveda known for its digestive support and balancing qualities.
60) Depression:
'Depression' relates to imbalances highlighting emotional wellness within Ayurveda, necessitating comprehensive approaches addressing both mental and physical realms.
61) Drowsiness:
'Drowsiness' signifies fatigue patterns linked to dosha imbalances, urging the need for revitalizing strategies within Ayurvedic health practices.
62) Punarnava (Punar-nava):
'Punarnava' plays a role in rejuvenation and detoxification, promoting healthy organ functioning and contributing to overall balance.
63) Samprapti:
'Samprapti' outlines pathways of disease development in Ayurveda, aiding comprehension for effective treatment protocols and strategies.
64) Daurbalya:
'Daurbalya' reflects states of weakness calling for thorough Ayurvedic interventions aimed at reinforcing strength and vitality.
65) Asthyagni (Asthi-agni):
'Asthyagni' emphasizes the metabolic functions of bone health, necessitating proper digestive power for optimal physical integrity.
66) Ashraddha (Asraddha):
'Ashraddha' expresses disbelief impacting treatment efficacy; nurturing belief in Ayurveda plays a role in successful health outcomes.
67) Dhatugata (Dhatu-gata):
'Dhatugata' involves tissue participation in health conditions, informing targeted analytical insights for Ayurvedic treatment developments.
68) Substance:
'Substance' encompasses all materials in Ayurvedic practices, influencing effectiveness and reliability across health interventions.
69) Vagbhata:
'Vagbhata' is a foundational Ayurvedic figure and scholar; his teachings remain integral to contemporary Ayurvedic understanding and practice.
70) Triphala (Tri-phala):
'Triphala' serves as a balancing herb, enhancing digestive support and aligning with holistic approaches to health in Ayurveda.
71) Prabhava:
'Prabhava' illustrates distinctive properties of herbal remedies, guiding accurate treatment selections to address specific health needs.
72) Sarshapa (Sarsapa):
'Sarshapa' (mustard) reinforces digestive stimulation within Ayurvedic practices, providing essential benefits in metabolic function enhancement.
73) Mandagni (Manda-agni, Mamdagni):
'Mandagni' indicates weakened digestive functions prominent in health manifestations, urging the need for restoring proper digestive operations.
74) Bhutagni (Bhuta-agni):
'Bhutagni' embodies elemental metabolic factors crucial for food processing, underpinning overall vitality and metabolic health.
75) Amasaya (Amashaya, Ama-ashaya):
'Amashaya' designates the site of digestion, emphasizing its essential role in nutrient assimilation and bodily health.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 143]
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