Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Management of a recurring pregnancy tumor
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a case report
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Vivek Jalali, Sanjay Gupta, Neelu Verma, Sarita Tripathi, Sanat Mishra and Piyush Gowrav
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Management of a recurring pregnancy tumor
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20192-14211
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Pregnancy tumors, also known as Granuloma gravidarum, are benign growths that commonly develop in the oral mucosa of pregnant women due to chronic low-grade irritants and hormonal influences. These tumors primarily affect the gingiva, constituting approximately 70% of cases in the oral cavity. Typically arising during the second trimester, pregnancy tumors may grow rapidly and often cause discomfort and potential complications, such as bleeding and difficulties with oral hygiene. A case report detailing the management of a 25-year-old female patient presenting with a gingival growth highlights the clinical manifestation and treatment of this condition.
Hormonal Influences on Pregnancy Tumors
Pregnancy tumors occur in about 5% of pregnancies, potentially due to elevated estrogen and progesterone levels that lead to modifications in the oral biofilm and host immune response. These hormonal changes contribute to the proliferation of pathogens like Prevotella intermedia, resulting in increased vascular permeability and augmented inflammatory responses. From a histopathological perspective, pregnancy tumors do not differ significantly from pyogenic granulomas, as both present similar characteristics, including vascular proliferation and inflammatory infiltration. This emphasizes the importance of hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related oral lesions.
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
A typical presentation of a pregnancy tumor involves a soft, pedunculated, and irregularly shaped mass that may exhibit deep red or purplish coloration. Such lesions are generally painless but can cause bleeding and discomfort when traumatized. In the case study presented, the patient experienced a significant gingival overgrowth that obstructed daily oral functions. Diagnostic practices included intraoral examinations alongside radiographic evaluations, which revealed underlying bone resorption in the affected regions. These findings were pivotal in establishing a definitive diagnosis of pregnancy tumor.
Treatment Strategies
Surgical excision is the primary mode of treatment for pregnancy tumors, particularly when they impede oral hygiene or masticatory function. In the reported case, excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia, and the excised tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis, confirming the diagnosis. The clinical management post-surgery showed complete healing within a week. Although surgery is the conventional approach, alternative methods like laser therapy or cryosurgery exist as adjuncts for treatment. Ensuring effective oral hygiene is essential to prevent recurrence since pregnancy tumors, though benign, can return if irritants are not adequately managed.
Conclusion
The management of pregnancy tumors is crucial, as they represent a common yet non-neoplastic growth linked to hormonal changes and local irritations during pregnancy. With their capacity for recurrence, careful monitoring and maintenance of oral hygiene practices are vital in reducing the likelihood of re-emergence. Despite debates regarding their classification, the understanding of pregnancy tumors as either unique lesions or variants of pyogenic granulomas underscores the need for proper diagnosis and management strategies tailored to affected patients, particularly during the sensitive period of pregnancy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is a pregnancy tumor and its common name?
A pregnancy tumor, also known as Granuloma gravidarum (GG), is a growth that develops in the oral mucosa of pregnant women, often in response to chronic low-grade irritants and hormonal changes.
What are the typical locations for pregnancy tumors in the mouth?
Pregnancy tumors usually affect the gingiva in 70% of cases. They may also occur in other areas of trauma, including the lower lip, tongue, oral mucosa, and palate.
What are the clinical features of a pregnancy tumor?
A pregnancy tumor typically presents as a soft, painless, pedunculated or sessile mass that may be red, lobulated, and prone to bleeding with slight trauma. It commonly grows rapidly during the second trimester of pregnancy.
What factors contribute to the development of pregnancy tumors?
Hormonal changes during pregnancy, particularly increased levels of estrogen and progesterone, lead to an enhanced inflammatory response and increased growth of local tissues, facilitating the development of pregnancy tumors.
How are pregnancy tumors treated?
Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the growth, ensuring that it extends to the periosteum. Additional treatments may include laser therapy or cryosurgery, depending on the case.
What preventive measures can be taken to avoid pregnancy tumors?
Maintaining careful oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and proper oral prophylaxis can help prevent the formation of pregnancy tumors by minimizing plaque accumulation and irritation during pregnancy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Management of a recurring pregnancy tumor”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Post:
The term 'Post' relates to the position of someone or something after an event, in this case possibly referencing a post-graduate and their advanced studies in dental sciences. It indicates the academic level of professionals involved in cases like pregnancy tumors, underlining the necessity for specialized training in managing such conditions.
2) Lucknow:
Lucknow is a city in India, specifically mentioned as the location of the Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital. It is significant as it situates the research, patient care, and educational efforts of those involved in the management of conditions such as pregnancy tumors within a specific geographical and cultural context.
3) Science (Scientific):
'Science' encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world. In the context of pregnancy tumors, it pertains to the medical research, clinical practices, and understanding of hormonal effects in pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of scientific inquiry in dental and medical fields.
4) Irritation:
'Irritation' refers to the body's response to discomfort or injury, often causing localized inflammation. In a dental context, it highlights how chronic low-grade irritation due to plaque or trauma can lead to conditions such as pregnancy tumors, underlining the significance of identifying and mitigating irritants to prevent oral complications.
5) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' is a biological response to harmful stimuli, crucial in understanding pregnancy tumors' development. It connects to the body’s immune response, emphasizing the role of hormonal changes during pregnancy in exacerbating gingival inflammation, which can contribute to conditions like pregnancy tumors when not properly managed.
6) Pregnant:
'Pregnant' signifies the condition of carrying a developing fetus, essential in discussing pregnancy tumors as they specifically occur in this demographic. It highlights the interplay between hormonal changes and oral health, underscoring the need for targeted dental care and education for pregnant women regarding their oral hygiene.
7) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygiene' encompasses practices that maintain health and prevent disease, directly relevant to dental care during pregnancy. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper oral hygiene to minimize the development of pregnancy tumors and other gingival issues, thus enhancing overall health for mothers and their unborn children.
8) Blood:
'Blood' is a vital fluid carrying oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. In dental contexts, it's relevant to the examination of conditions associated with pregnancy tumors, as hormonal changes elevate blood flow and alter immune responses in gingival tissues, hence understanding blood’s role is vital in managing such conditions.
9) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transforming' refers to the process of change or alteration. In the context of pregnancy tumors, it illustrates the role of hormones in altering tissue responses and inflammation in the gingiva, showcasing how changes induced by pregnancy can lead to significant oral health conditions requiring intervention.
10) Discussion:
'Discussion' indicates the discourse surrounding the findings and implications of research on pregnancy tumors. It reflects the collaborative effort in academia and clinical practice to understand these conditions better, promoting a shared knowledge base for improving dental care and management strategies among pregnant patients.
11) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' signifies the loss of blood, which can be a clinical manifestation of pregnancy tumors. It's crucial in diagnosing and managing such lesions, as excessive bleeding can indicate the severity of inflammation or trauma, guiding the treatment approach and the urgency of surgical intervention when needed.
12) Raising:
'Raising' refers to the act of increasing or elevating something. In this context, it pertains to the raising levels of hormonal factors during pregnancy that influence the development of conditions like pregnancy tumors in the oral cavity, highlighting the biological factors that practitioners need to address during treatment.
13) Mishra (Misra):
'Mishra' likely refers to one of the authors involved in the case report, symbolizing collaboration and expertise in the study. It stresses the importance of multi-disciplinary efforts in understanding and managing complex dental health issues like pregnancy tumors, drawing from diverse professional backgrounds.
14) Gupta:
'Gupta' denotes another key author, indicating the contributory roles of professionals in dental research. It emphasizes the collaborative nature of medical investigations, stressing the importance of shared expertise in addressing specific cases, like the management of pregnancy-associated oral conditions, to enhance patient care.
15) Birth:
'Birth' is the process of giving rise to offspring, marking the end of pregnancy. In the context of pregnancy tumors, it is crucial as these lesions often regress postpartum. Knowledge of birth's significance aids dental professionals in understanding the pathophysiology of pregnancy tumors and how they relate to birth events.
16) Beta:
'Beta' refers to the beta form of certain growth factors, crucial in the healing process and tissue response. In relation to pregnancy tumors, it highlights the importance of understanding various biological mediators and their roles in tissue proliferation and repair, which is essential for effective treatment strategies.
17) Lamp:
'Lamp' in this context likely refers to medical technology like lasers used in treating oral lesions such as pregnancy tumors. It underscores the advancement of treatment modalities and how modern technology can facilitate less invasive procedures while providing effective results in dental treatments.
18) Bell:
'Bell' could refer to various terms in medicine, possibly relating to instruments used in examinations or techniques involving sound. Though its specific relevance isn't detailed in the text, it could symbolize alertness to patient health and monitoring, critical in managing pregnancy-associated oral conditions effectively.
19) Pain:
'Pain' denotes discomfort experienced by the patient, which is significant in identifying and managing conditions such as pregnancy tumors. Understanding pain levels assists dental professionals in assessing the severity of the lesion and the appropriate interventions needed to alleviate patient discomfort during pregnancy.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Management of a recurring pregnancy tumor’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Surgical excision, Local anesthesia, Oral cavity, Mucous membrane, Histopathological examination, Oral hygiene maintenance, Hormonal change, Pyogenic granuloma, Excisional biopsy, Epithelial proliferation, Pregnancy tumor, Department of Periodontology, Gingival overgrowth, Post operative view.