Diabetes and diet
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Diabetes and diet
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Dr. Bhawana Sharma
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Diabetes and diet
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20192-14085
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, especially in India, has attained epidemic proportions, with projections indicating a rise from 61.3 million cases in 2011 to 101.2 million by 2030. Diabetes can lead to a range of health complications and represents a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Proper dietary management is crucial for controlling diabetes, particularly in Type 2, where dietary modifications are often the first line of treatment.
The Role of Diet in Diabetes Management
Diet plays a pivotal role in managing diabetes and stabilizing blood glucose levels. An effective dietary plan should consider factors such as age, weight, physical activity level, and the nature of the disease. Key goals of dietary management include reducing overall blood glucose, minimizing fluctuations, eliminating hyperglycemic symptoms, achieving weight reduction in obese patients, and reducing insulin resistance. A well-structured diet can significantly enhance a patient’s ability to manage their condition and improve their overall health outcomes.
Nutritional Guidelines for Diabetic Individuals
A comprehensive dietary plan for diabetes management typically includes specific recommendations regarding macronutrients. Carbohydrates should constitute 45-60% of total energy intake, focusing on complex carbohydrates that slow glucose absorption. Protein intake should range from 10-15%, with emphasis on quality and moderation, especially for those with kidney issues. Fats should make up less than 35% of total energy, with a balanced intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats. The importance of fiber, vitamins, and minerals is also highlighted, necessitating a balanced approach to nutrition.
Sample Diet and Foods to Avoid
Planning meals carefully is essential for individuals with diabetes. A sample diet may include options such as breakfast with low-sugar cereals, lunch with whole grains and vegetables, and dinner with protein sources like paneer or fish. Some foods should be avoided entirely, including sugar, sweet fruits, alcoholic beverages, and deep-fried items, while others like green leafy vegetables and soups can be consumed freely. This not only helps in maintaining blood sugar levels but also ensures overall nutritional adequacy.
Conclusion
Effective meal planning is fundamental in diabetes management, particularly for those requiring insulin or hypoglycemic agents. By focusing on dietary choices, newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients can significantly improve their condition through sensible eating and regular physical activity. Understanding nutritional intake concerning caloric needs is vital, allowing individuals to incorporate healthy foods that align with their lifestyle without necessitating drastic dietary changes. Ultimately, a proactive approach to diet and exercise is key to controlling diabetes and promoting long-term health.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is diabetes mellitus and its primary causes?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance, leading to excessive urination, thirst, and other metabolic disruptions. Type 1 diabetes results from insulin deficiency, while Type 2 is often due to insulin resistance.
How prevalent is diabetes in India today?
According to the International Diabetes Federation, around 61.3 million people had diabetes in India in 2011, projected to rise to 101.2 million by 2030, making India the second most affected country after China.
What role does diet play in managing diabetes?
Diet is crucial for diabetes management. It should focus on reducing blood glucose levels, weight management, and minimizing insulin resistance. A sensible diet is critical for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, including calorie restrictions for overweight individuals.
What dietary constituents should diabetics focus on?
A balanced diabetic diet should consist of 45-60% carbohydrates, less than 35% fat, and 10-15% protein. Emphasis should be placed on complex carbohydrates while monitoring overall caloric intake to maintain energy levels and health.
What foods should be avoided by diabetics?
Diabetics should avoid sugar, sweets, potatoes, cakes, and alcoholic beverages. Foods like green leafy vegetables, soups, and buttermilk can be consumed freely. It’s crucial to limit high-carbohydrate and high-sugar foods to manage glucose levels effectively.
What are some effective natural remedies for diabetes?
Some effective natural remedies include Gurmar, bitter gourd, fenugreek, and turmeric. These plants are known for their properties that help regulate blood sugar levels and assist in managing diabetes, complementing dietary adjustments.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Diabetes and diet”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Diet:
Diet is crucial for managing diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes, as it involves understanding caloric intake based on individual needs. Proper meal planning can help stabilize blood glucose levels and promote weight loss, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. A well-balanced diet can encompass different food groups without strict prohibitions.
2) Disease:
The term diseases encompasses a wide range of health conditions that impact individuals worldwide. Lifestyle diseases, including diabetes, highlight the importance of preventive measures such as dietary changes. Understanding the interconnectedness of various diseases informs holistic approaches to health and well-being, especially in chronic conditions.
3) Food:
Food choices play a vital role in diabetes management. Patients must learn to select foods that won't spike blood sugar levels while ensuring adequate nutrition. The focus is on consuming complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, and healthy fats, as well as avoiding high-sugar and high-fat items to maintain overall health.
4) Prameha:
In Ayurveda, Prameha refers to a group of disorders characterized by abnormal urination, including Madhumeha, which is associated with diabetes. Understanding Prameha aids in exploring Ayurvedic treatment and dietary interventions, emphasizing lifestyle modifications that can mitigate symptoms and improve patient well-being through natural remedies.
5) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Dr. Bhawana Sharma is a key author of the study on diabetes and diet. Her expertise as an Assistant Professor in Ayurvedic medicine provides valuable insights into integrating traditional Ayurvedic practices with modern dietary approaches for managing diabetes. Her work is significant in enhancing patient education and treatment methodologies.
6) Sugar:
Sugar consumption is a critical concern in diabetes management, as high levels can lead to hyperglycemia. Patients are advised to limit added sugars and choose complex carbohydrates instead. Education on reading food labels for sugar content is essential to help individuals make informed dietary choices.
7) Blood:
Blood glucose levels are a central focus in diabetes, determining how well the disease is managed. Regular monitoring of blood sugar helps patients understand their condition and make necessary lifestyle adjustments. The goal is to maintain blood glucose within the target range to prevent complications associated with diabetes.
8) India:
India has a high prevalence of diabetes, with millions affected. Cultural dietary habits, urbanization, and lifestyle changes contribute to this epidemic. Understanding the unique patterns of diabetes in India aids in developing culturally appropriate interventions that include traditional foods and practices to manage the disease effectively.
9) Drug:
Drugs used in diabetes management can vary based on the type and severity of the condition. These medications are complemented by dietary considerations, emphasizing the need for patients to maintain a balanced diet that supports the efficacy of the drugs in controlling blood sugar levels.
10) Neem:
Neem is recognized in Ayurvedic medicine for its potential antidiabetic properties. It is believed to help regulate blood sugar and improve overall health. Incorporating neem into the diet can provide natural support in diabetes management while also promoting other health benefits attributed to this medicinal plant.
11) Soup:
Soups can be part of a healthy diet for diabetics, especially if low in sodium and sugars. They are hydrating, low-calorie, and can be packed with vegetables, offering essential nutrients and aiding in weight management, which is crucial for controlling diabetes and maintaining overall health.
12) Life:
Life with diabetes requires careful management of diet and lifestyle. The choices made daily significantly impact health outcomes. Emphasizing healthy eating, regular physical activity, and consistent blood glucose monitoring can lead to a higher quality of life for those living with the condition.
13) Fish oil:
Fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, may have beneficial effects on heart health and can be a valuable supplement for diabetics. It supports the management of triglycerides and overall cardiovascular health, which is important given the higher risk of heart disease in individuals with diabetes.
14) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation is a concept in Ayurvedic medicine referring to the imbalance of doshas, leading to diseases like diabetes. Understanding how dietary patterns and lifestyle contribute to vitiation can inform effective treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of balancing physiological elements through proper eating habits.
15) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi, where Dr. Bhawana Sharma is affiliated, is a city with rich cultural and historical significance. Recognizing the local dietary practices can help tailor diabetes management approaches that resonate with residents, thereby promoting better compliance and understanding of dietary interventions in traditional contexts.
16) Epidemic:
The term epidemic illustrates the widespread nature of diabetes in modern society, necessitating urgent public health responses. Recognizing diabetes as an epidemic compels a collective effort in education, prevention, and management strategies, particularly focusing on lifestyle and dietary changes to curb its growth.
17) Activity:
Physical activity is a vital component of diabetes management. It aids in maintaining a healthy weight, improving insulin sensitivity, and regulating blood sugar levels. Encouraging regular exercise alongside dietary planning can significantly enhance the overall management and prognosis of diabetes.
18) Mineral:
Minerals are essential nutrients that play critical roles in bodily functions, including glucose metabolism. Diabetics require adequate mineral intake to support overall health, and food choices should prioritize nutrient-dense options to ensure balanced mineral consumption along with caloric control.
19) Krishna (Krsna):
Sri Krishna Ayurvedic Medical College, located in Varanasi, is referenced in the study by Dr. Bhawana Sharma. The institution emphasizes Ayurvedic principles in managing chronic diseases like diabetes, merging traditional knowledge with contemporary healthcare practices to foster holistic patient care.
20) Haridra:
Haridra, or turmeric, is celebrated in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. It may help regulate blood sugar levels and has been used traditionally to enhance health. Incorporating haridra into the diet can provide additional support for individuals managing diabetes.
21) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja describes one of the types of diabetes classifications in Ayurveda based on dosha imbalances. Understanding Pittaja helps tailor therapeutic diets and treatments that align with individual natures, focusing on balancing the elements to mitigate diabetes symptoms effectively.
22) Sthula:
Sthula refers to a type of body constitution in Ayurveda that corresponds to obesity or excess weight. Understanding Sthula is important in diabetes management as it informs dietary strategies aimed at weight loss and restoring balance, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment approaches.
23) Krisha (Krsa):
Krisha indicates a lean body constitution in Ayurveda, which can be significant in understanding diabetes management plans. It guides dietary recommendations to maintain adequate energy intake while managing blood sugar levels, focusing on nutrient-dense foods and mindful eating practices.
24) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja refers to diabetes types characterized by vata dosha imbalances in Ayurveda. Correcting vata imbalances through dietary and lifestyle changes can be critical in managing the condition. Practitioners aim to restore harmony to prevent complications associated with diabetes.
25) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities and imbalances within the body that Ayurveda seeks to address. Incorporating natural foods and understanding their effects on individual health patterns is essential for effective diabetes management, emphasizing a holistic approach to treatment.
26) Curd:
Curd is a nutritious food that can benefit diabetics due to its probiotic content and low glycemic index. It provides protein and aids in digestion. Including curd in the diet can promote healthy gut flora, which is essential in managing diabetes effectively.
27) Fish:
Fish, particularly fatty types rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can be beneficial for diabetic patients. Fish consumption supports heart health, which is critical given the associated cardiovascular risks in diabetes. It provides high-quality protein and essential nutrients without excessive calories.
28) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to foods that are dense in nutrients; however, in diabetes management, this term should focus on nutrient-dense foods with low sugars. Emphasis is placed on whole foods that provide adequate nourishment without contributing to uncontrolled blood sugar spikes.
29) Acacia catechu:
Acacia catechu, or Khadir, is highlighted in Ayurvedic medicine for its potential role in managing diabetes. It is reputed for its blood sugar-lowering properties and can be part of a holistic approach in treatment plans focusing on natural remedies.
30) Genetic defect:
Genetic defects may contribute to diabetes development through various mechanisms, including insulin resistance or secretion issues. Understanding the genetic basis allows for personalized treatments, helping tailor dietary and therapeutic interventions based on an individual’s genetic predisposition.
31) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, or turmeric, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and potential antidiabetic effects. It can promote better glucose metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity, making it a valuable dietary component in managing diabetes naturally as part of a comprehensive diabetic diet.
32) Bitter gourd:
Bitter gourd is an important vegetable in Ayurveda known for its hypoglycemic effects. It is often recommended for diabetics to help control blood sugar levels. Incorporating bitter gourd into meals can be beneficial in a diabetes-friendly diet.
33) Mustard oil:
Mustard oil is a commonly used cooking oil that can be suitable for diabetics, as it contains healthy fats and may support cardiovascular health. However, moderation is key, ensuring it fits within the overall dietary plan focused on maintaining blood sugar levels.
34) Aegle marmelos:
Aegle marmelos, or bael fruit, is noted in Ayurvedic practices for its potential health benefits, including glucose regulation. Including Aegle marmelos in dietary management may help in controlling diabetes symptoms and contributes to a holistic approach in treatment.
35) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk provides a healthy low-calorie option for individuals with diabetes. Its probiotics can aid digestion and contribute to gut health. Including buttermilk in the diet supports hydration and balances nutrient intake while being gentle on blood sugar levels.
36) Vanaspati:
Vanaspati, or hydrogenated vegetable oil, is typically high in trans fats, which should be avoided by diabetics due to its adverse effects on heart health. Understanding the impact of cooking oils on overall health is vital for managing dietary habits effectively.
37) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis of diseases in Ayurveda, including diabetes. Understanding the samprapti of diabetes aids in identifying the root causes and allows for targeted interventions aimed at restoring balance through diet and lifestyle modifications.
38) Fenugreek:
Fenugreek seeds are recognized for their potential antidiabetic properties, including improving insulin sensitivity and lowering blood sugar levels. Incorporating fenugreek into dietary practices can enhance diabetes management naturally, emphasizing the synergy between traditional ingredients and modern dietary guidelines.
39) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing balance, using natural remedies, dietary practices, and holistic approaches to health. In diabetes management, Ayurveda offers valuable insights and strategies for individualized treatment, integrating lifestyle changes with traditional medicinal practices for effective care.
40) Medicine:
In the context of diabetes, medicine encompasses both allopathic and alternative treatments. Integrating various medical approaches, including dietary management and lifestyle modifications, is essential for comprehensive diabetes care, ensuring a well-rounded strategy for maintaining health and preventing complications.
41) Turmeric:
Turmeric, known for its active compound curcumin, is celebrated for its anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Including turmeric in a diabetic diet may enhance blood sugar control and has been a staple of Ayurvedic remedies, linking traditional practices with modern health needs.
42) Relative:
Relative measures regarding diabetes include genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors contributing to the disease. Understanding these dynamics helps tailor preventive strategies and management plans for individuals at risk or currently managing diabetes, promoting personalized health interventions.
43) Mustard:
Mustard seeds carry health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties and potential impacts on glucose metabolism. Integrating mustard into a diabetes-friendly diet can enhance flavor while providing essential nutrients, showcasing the role of spices in balanced meal planning.
44) Craving (Crave, Craved):
Craving for sweets is a common challenge for those managing diabetes. Understanding these cravings can guide dietary choices, encouraging the substitution of healthier options like fruits. Developing strategies to manage cravings is essential in adhering to dietary recommendations and maintaining blood sugar control.
45) Sahaja (Saha-ja):
Sahaja refers to genetic or inherited forms of diabetes. Understanding Sahaja emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions considering family histories and genetic predispositions, guiding dietary recommendations and lifestyle changes necessary for effective diabetes management.
46) Vatika:
Vatika describes a classification of diabetes in Ayurveda linked to vata dosha. Understanding vatika helps adapt therapies that aim to restore balance within the body, focusing on specific diet and lifestyle interventions that mitigate the condition's effects.
47) Family:
Family structures and cultural practices strongly influence dietary habits and health management. Including family considerations into diabetes management plans can improve adherence to dietary guidelines and foster supportive environments for individuals managing their condition.
48) Repair:
Repair, in this context, refers to the body's ability to regenerate and recover from imbalances caused by diabetes. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in facilitating repair processes, enabling individuals to improve their health outcomes through mindful eating and lifestyle adjustments.
49) Bitter:
Bitter foods, such as bitter gourd, are acknowledged for their potential in lowering blood sugar levels. Including bitter foods in the diet can be beneficial for diabetes management, highlighting the importance of taste and nutritional properties in food choices.
50) Animal:
Animal products can affect diabetes management due to their potential impact on fat and cholesterol levels. It is essential for individuals with diabetes to consider the sources and types of animal products consumed, ensuring they align with overall health and blood sugar control objectives.
51) Thirst:
Thirst is a common symptom of diabetes, primarily due to high blood sugar levels leading to excessive urine production. Managing thirst through proper hydration and dietary adjustments is essential in alleviating discomfort and maintaining overall health for people living with diabetes.
52) Cotton:
Cotton is not directly related to diabetes, but its derivatives, such as cottonseed oil, can have dietary implications. Understanding the role of different fats, including those from cotton, helps individuals make healthier choices in their diets tailored for managing diabetes.
53) Salt (Salty):
Salty foods can affect blood pressure and heart health, which is particularly important for diabetics. Awareness of salt intake is essential, necessitating careful control over dietary choices, particularly with processed and restaurant foods, to avoid excess sodium consumption.
54) Manas (Mano, Manash):
Manas refers to the mind or mental state in Ayurvedic medicine. A positive mental state can significantly influence diabetes management, as stress and mental health play crucial roles in overall wellness. Addressing psychological factors is essential for effective treatment strategies.
55) Rakta:
Rakta, associated with the blood element in Ayurveda, plays a vital role in understanding conditions like diabetes. Addressing rakta imbalances through diet and lifestyle is crucial for achieving optimal blood sugar levels and overall health within Ayurvedic practices.
56) Kleda:
Kleda refers to the bodily fluids and can impact the understanding and management of diabetes in Ayurveda. Recognizing kleda imbalances may inform dietary strategies aimed at balancing fluid levels in the body, contributing to better health outcomes for those with diabetes.
57) Chaṇa (Chana):
Chana, or chickpeas, is a nutritious food option for individuals with diabetes. Rich in fiber and protein, it helps stabilize blood sugar levels and can be incorporated into various dishes as part of a balanced diet aimed at managing the condition.
58) Honey:
Honey, while natural, should be consumed cautiously in diabetes management due to its sugar content. Although it may offer some health benefits, moderation is key to prevent blood sugar spikes, emphasizing the importance of mindful consumption of sweeteners.
59) Death:
Death associated with diabetes primarily arises from complications related to the disease, such as cardiovascular issues. Understanding these risks is crucial for prevention and emphasizes the need for effective management strategies, including dietary and lifestyle changes to promote longevity.
60) Mango:
Mangoes, although nutritious, are high in sugar and may need to be consumed in moderation by individuals with diabetes. They can be enjoyed in limited quantities, promoting mindfulness in fruit selection and overall dietary planning.
61) Cina:
China, like India, faces a diabetes epidemic, illustrating the global nature of this health issue. Investigating lifestyle factors in both countries can inform better dietary strategies and interventions tailored to diverse populations battling diabetes prevalence.
62) Soya:
Soya products, including tofu and soy milk, are valuable protein sources that can support diabetes management. They are low in saturated fat and can improve overall dietary quality, making them suitable options for individuals aiming to balance their blood sugar levels.
63) Mana:
Mana, referring to the mind in Ayurvedic contexts, points to the psychological aspects of managing diabetes. Mental well-being can significantly affect motivation and adherence to dietary plans, thus emphasizing the need for holistic approaches to health.
64) Rice (Rce):
Rice is a staple in many diets but can significantly impact blood sugar levels. Diabetic individuals need to monitor their rice intake and prefer whole grain or brown rice options to manage carbohydrate consumption effectively.
65) Sign:
Sign refers to the symptoms and indicators of diabetes, guiding diagnosis and management. Recognizing signs like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue is crucial for effective monitoring and timely interventions in diabetes care.
66) Tear:
Tear may refer to the emotional aspects of dealing with chronic conditions like diabetes. Emotional stress can impact physical health, and strategies to address mental well-being are vital for comprehensive diabetes management.
67) Milk:
Milk provides vital nutrients such as calcium and protein. However, choices regarding dairy products should be made carefully by those with diabetes to manage calorie intake and blood sugar levels effectively, favoring low-fat options when possible.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Diabetes and diet’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Diet restriction, Therapeutic agent, Diabetes mellitus, Ayurvedic text, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Insulin deficiency, Essential fatty acid, Diet planning, Calorie intake, Prognostic classification, Energy requirement, Life style disease.