Anti-protease activity and heat stability property of piper longum seeds extract
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Anti-protease activity and heat stability property of piper longum seeds extract
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Chikanna D., Dinesha R., Santhosh Kumar N., Manjula R. V., Tejaswini BM and Divya Y.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Anti-protease activity and heat stability property of piper longum seeds extract
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20192-14002
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Piper longum, commonly known as Indian long pepper, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Piperaceae family and is widely utilized in South Asian cuisine and traditional medicine. This study explores the protease inhibitory activity and heat stability of crude protein extracts derived from Piper longum seeds. Specifically, the research aims to demonstrate the ability of these extracts to inhibit serine proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, which could have significant implications for both nutritional science and therapeutic applications.
Protease Inhibitory Activity
The study reveals that the crude protein extracted from Piper longum seeds exhibits substantial inhibitory activity against serine proteases. In particular, at a concentration of 25 µg of crude protein, the extract showed up to 68% inhibition against these enzymes. This finding is particularly noteworthy as it is the first report demonstrating the protease inhibitor properties of this plant. The study emphasizes the potential of Piper longum as a source of natural protease inhibitors, which could be beneficial in managing digestive issues related to protease activity.
Thermal and pH Stability
Further investigations into the thermal and pH stability of the protease inhibitors from Piper longum indicate that the active proteins maintain their inhibitory efficacy at elevated temperatures, remaining stable up to 70°C. However, a gradual decline in inhibitory activity is observed with temperatures escalating beyond this threshold. Additionally, the activity of the inhibitors is robust across a broad pH range from 2 to 12, suggesting that these proteins possess structural characteristics that confer resilience to varying environmental conditions, likely due to disulfide bond formation among cysteine residues.
DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
The study also assessed the antioxidant potential of the Piper longum crude protein extracts through DPPH radical scavenging assays. The results indicate a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, suggesting that the crude proteins not only inhibit proteases but also possess capabilities to mitigate oxidative stress. This dual functionality enhances the nutritional profile of Piper longum, positioning it as a beneficial component in dietary approaches aimed at oxidative damage reduction and improving protein digestibility.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research highlights the promising properties of Piper longum seeds as a source of protease inhibitors with significant heat stability and antioxidant potential. The findings open avenues for future studies focused on elucidating the precise mechanisms of action of these proteins and exploring their applications in nutrition and medicine. With further investigation, Piper longum could become an important ingredient in functional foods aimed at enhancing health and preventing diet-related maladies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on Piper longum seeds?
The study investigates the protease inhibitory activity of crude protein extracted from Piper longum seeds and its heat stability, particularly against trypsin and chymotrypsin.
How was protein extracted from Piper longum seeds for the study?
The protein was isolated using ammonium sulphate precipitation from an aqueous extract of the seeds, followed by dialysis to remove unwanted salts.
What is the observed protease inhibitory activity of Piper longum protein?
The crude protein exhibited up to 68% inhibitory activity against serine proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin at a dosage of 25 μg.
What temperatures can the protease inhibitor from Piper longum withstand?
The protease inhibitor remains stable and retains its activity up to a temperature of 70°C; however, activity declines significantly at higher temperatures.
Over what pH range does the protease inhibitor remain active?
The inhibitor shows stability over a broad pH range from 2 to 12, with optimum activity in weak acidic to weak basic conditions.
What potential applications are suggested for Piper longum based on the study findings?
Future studies might explore the medicinal applications of Piper longum due to its potent protease inhibitor properties, particularly in food technology and agriculture.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anti-protease activity and heat stability property of piper longum seeds extract”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional properties or actions exhibited by components such as the protease inhibitors found in Piper longum. In the context of the study, the term highlights how these inhibitors can reduce the activity of digestive enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin, thus impacting protein digestion and metabolism.
2) Piper longum:
Piper longum, also known as Indian long pepper, is a significant plant studied for its medicinal and pharmacological properties. The research focuses on its seeds, highlighting their ability to inhibit protease enzymes, showcasing this plant's potential use in developing nutritional and therapeutic applications in health care.
3) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the field of treating diseases and maintaining health. The study reveals that Piper longum has a long history of medicinal uses in various cultures, particularly in South Asia, highlighting its importance as a natural source of pharmacologically active compounds beneficial in managing various health conditions.
4) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in India where the study was conducted. The local biodiversity, including species such as Piper longum, is essential for understanding regional medicinal practices and developing potential therapeutic agents based on indigenous knowledge and local resources beneficial for healthcare and nutrition.
5) India:
India is significant for its rich tradition of herbal medicine and biodiversity. The presence and study of Piper longum as an indigenous plant illustrate the country's wealth of natural resources used in traditional medicine, contributing to a greater understanding of plant-based treatments and health benefits.
6) Science (Scientific):
Scientific pertains to systematic methods of inquiry. The study incorporates scientific inquiry into the properties of Piper longum, adhering to rigorous methodologies to ensure that findings are credible and contribute to establishing a foundation for further research in natural products.
7) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals in academic and professional fields. In this context, it refers to one of the co-authors, Santhosh Kumar N., bringing credibility and ensuring that the research has institutional oversight and contributions from qualified professionals in biochemistry.
8) Food:
Food is vital for nourishment and health. The study discusses the impact of protease inhibitors on the digestibility of legumes, and Piper longum's role showcases the intersection between food science and nutrition, emphasizing the need to improve food quality and nutritional value through biochemical research.
9) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating specific compounds from mixtures. In this research, the purification of proteins from Piper longum seeds is essential for studying their biochemical properties and functions, particularly in the context of their protease inhibitory capabilities and potential health applications.
10) Nagara (Naga-ra):
Nagara refers to B.G. Nagara, a location in Karnataka, India, where the research was conducted. The local context is relevant for understanding the traditional uses of plants like Piper longum in regional medicinal practices and how local biodiversity can contribute to scientific research.
11) Snake poison (Snake venom):
Snake venom is a complex mixture of proteins and enzymes used in various scientific studies. While not directly related to Piper longum, comparing protease activity, such as through inhibitors found in this study, highlights how similar mechanisms may operate in different biological contexts like toxins.
12) Shridevi (Sridevi, Shri-devi):
Shridevi refers to the Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences, where some of the authors are affiliated. This association denotes the involvement of academic institutions in researching potential therapeutic agents, thus promoting further studies on traditional medicine and natural products for health.
13) Disease:
Disease is a broader term encompassing various health conditions. Understanding the biochemical properties of Piper longum and its protease inhibitors could lead to new insights into preventative and therapeutic strategies for various diseases, particularly those related to digestion and metabolism.
14) Species:
Species is a taxonomic category that is crucial in biological classification. The Piper longum species is significant for its pharmacological properties, serving as an important example in research focused on the biochemical activities of plant-derived compounds and their potential applications in health.
15) Indian:
Indian refers to something originating from India, reflecting the cultural and historical context of using plants like Piper longum in traditional medicine. This term emphasizes the significance of indigenous knowledge in discovering and utilizing natural resources for health benefits.
16) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, often indicative of individuals involved in agriculture or business. Here, it highlights contributors to the research team, emphasizing the collaboration of professionals from various backgrounds in studying the properties of Piper longum.
17) Salt (Salty):
Salt is a substance that can influence protein stability and enzymatic activity. The study of salt stability of protease inhibitors in Piper longum reveals important aspects of how environmental conditions affect protein functionality, thus aiding in the formulation of dietary and therapeutic strategies.
18) Horse gram:
Horse gram is a pulse known for its high protein content. Its mention relates to discussions on alternative sources of food proteins and their digestibility, drawing parallels to the role of protease inhibitors in legumes and the nutritional implications of consuming these pulses.
19) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants, often exerting health-promoting effects. The research on Piper longum centers around identifying and understanding these phytochemicals, particularly their role as protease inhibitors and potential therapeutic applications in managing health issues.
20) Agriculture:
Agriculture involves the cultivation of plants for food, fiber, and other products. Understanding the properties of plants like Piper longum can enhance agricultural practices, contributing to developing crops that are not only nutritious but also hold pharmacological significance, promoting sustainable agricultural development.
21) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the study where results are interpreted and contextualized. This part of the research highlights the implications of findings regarding Piper longum, emphasizing the importance of protease inhibitors in nutrition and medicine while proposing future research directions.
22) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of improving or growing something. Here, it pertains to the potential of using Piper longum in creating new therapeutic remedies or enhancing the nutritional quality of food, reflecting the importance of research in advancing health and well-being.
23) Evolution:
Evolution refers to the gradual development of organisms or concepts over time. The research discusses the evolution of protease inhibitors in plants like Piper longum, alongside their roles in adaptation and survival, which adds to understanding plant defense mechanisms.
24) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originating from India. Piper longum's significant role in Ayurveda showcases its historical importance and how modern scientific studies aim to validate and enhance traditional knowledge with empirical research findings.
25) Vaishali (Vaisali):
Vaishali is a common Indian name, possibly referring to a contributor in the research. The inclusion of individuals like Vaishali emphasizes the collaborative effort behind the research on Piper longum, pooling knowledge and skills from diverse fields for comprehensive studies.
26) Madhavi:
Madhavi may refer to an individual involved in the research. Including names like Madhavi emphasizes the collaborative nature of academic studies, highlighting the societal value of teamwork in innovative research focusing on medicinal plants and their therapeutic benefits.
27) Chauhan:
Chauhan is a common surname in India. In the context of the study, it may refer to an author contributing to the research, showcasing the collaborative effort in examining Piper longum and underpinning the significance of shared expertise in scientific endeavors.
28) Solanki:
Solanki is a surname that might represent an author or contributor in the study. Highlighting individuals like Solanki reinforces the collaborative nature of research and the importance of teamwork in examining the medicinal properties of natural compounds like those found in Piper longum.
29) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna is often both a spiritual and common personal name in India. In this context, it may refer to a researcher, highlighting personal contributions to the academic study, thus enriching the investigation of Piper longum and its health benefits through collaborative research.
30) Prabhu:
Prabhu is a common surname in India, possibly referring to one of the researchers involved in this study. The mention of individuals like Prabhu emphasizes the collaborative effort in the research investigating the properties of Piper longum and its implications in health.
31) Family:
Family refers to a group of related plants or organisms in biological classification. The mention of the Piperaceae family underscores the significance of Piper longum within its taxonomic context, which is vital for understanding its ecological relationships and potential health benefits.
32) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The research on Piper longum and its potential bioactive compounds can contribute to developing new treatments, emphasizing ongoing studies that investigate natural products for their anticancer properties.
33) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India. Referring to an author or researcher with this name highlights the collaboration and contribution of individuals in academic studies on Piper longum, emphasizing the collective effort in enhancing understanding of its properties and applications.
34) Nature:
Nature pertains to the inherent characteristics or properties of a substance. In the context of Piper longum, exploring its protease inhibitory activity reflects the importance of understanding the natural properties of plants and how they can be harnessed for health benefits.
35) Powder:
Powder refers to the form of ground plant material. The use of Piper longum powder to isolate proteins for studying their properties demonstrates the importance of processing methods in research, influencing the effective extraction and application of bioactive compounds in nutrition and medicine.
36) Pigeon:
Pigeon, likely referring to pigeon pea, a type of legume, is relevant in discussions about plant-based proteins. Its mention could provide a comparative basis for understanding protein structure and function in legumes, linking agricultural practices with health and nutritional research.
37) Pulse:
Pulse refers to the edible seeds of certain leguminous plants. Its mention reflects the importance of pulses as a dietary component and emphasizes the study's focus on the digestibility and nutritional quality of proteins derived from legumes like Piper longum.
38) Divya:
Divya is a common personal name in India, possibly referring to an author or researcher involved in the study. Including individuals like Divya highlights the collaborative effort in the research on Piper longum and emphasizes teamwork in the academic community.
39) Gondi (Gomdi):
Gondi likely refers to a contributor to the study, adding to the diverse expertise involved. The mention of individuals such as Gondi signifies the importance of collaborative research in exploring the properties of plants like Piper longum and their implications for health.
40) Water:
Water is crucial for extracting biomolecules from plant materials. In the research process, double-distilled water is used to ensure purity in isolating proteins from Piper longum, highlighting the importance of solvent choice for achieving accurate results in biochemical analyses.
41) Horse:
Horse may refer to horse gram, indicating a context of discussing legumes rich in protein. Mentioning horse gram emphasizes the relevance of legumes in dietary sources, linking it to research on procuring and studying natural proteins and their health properties.
42) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation into the properties and applications of Piper longum. The mention underscores the importance of research in understanding the role of natural products in health care and provides a scientific basis for traditional medicinal practices.
43) Genu:
Genu may refer to the knee or a joint in biological contexts. Its relevance in the study of Piper longum could involve investigations into its medicinal properties related to joint health, although it is less commonly associated with the context of this specific research.
44) Anar:
Anar is typically used to refer to pomegranate in Hindi and could imply a discussion of other fruits or plants with similar phytochemical properties. This highlights the diversity of plant resources available for research and the potential for comparative studies in botanical properties.
45) Rice (Rce):
Rice is a staple food and a rich source of carbohydrates. Its mention may suggest comparisons with other food sources, emphasizing the nutritional landscape of India and the significance of diverse plant-based foods, including legumes like Piper longum, in a balanced diet.
46) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the abundance or wealth of nutritional content or biological resources. In the context of Piper longum, describing the plant as rich in protease inhibitors illustrates its potential as a valuable source for health applications, underlining the importance of biodiversity in nutrition.
47) Pain:
Pain refers to an unpleasant sensory experience often linked to injury or illness. Research into the medicinal properties of plants like Piper longum may explore its efficacy in pain relief, highlighting the significance of natural remedies in contemporary medicine and therapeutic settings.
48) Pur:
Poor refers to lack or deficiency in nutritional value or health outcomes. In relation to legumes, the presence of protease inhibitors may indicate challenges in digestibility and nutritional absorption, emphasizing the importance of studying these compounds to improve the functional properties of plant foods.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anti-protease activity and heat stability property of piper longum seeds extract’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Characteristic feature, Crude protein, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Thermal stability, Protease inhibitor, Inhibitory action.