Bauhinia purpurea (kanchanara)
a critical review on the medicinal plant used in ayurveda
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Bauhinia purpurea (kanchanara)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: a critical review on the medicinal plant used in ayurveda
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Patra Gajendra Singh, Gupta Rakshapal, Joshi Pravin Kumar and Rout Om Prakash
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Bauhinia purpurea (kanchanara)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20194-14514
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Bauhinia purpurea, commonly known as Kanchanara or Kovidara, is a significant medicinal plant within the Ayurvedic system. It belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae family and plays a crucial role in traditional medicine, particularly in India, where its various parts—leaves, flowers, bark, and root—are utilized for treating numerous ailments. This review consolidates the essential characteristics, phytochemical attributes, historic references, and therapeutic uses of Bauhinia purpurea from both classical Ayurvedic literature and modern scientific studies.
Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Activities
Bauhinia purpurea is recognized for its diverse phytochemical constituents, including terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. The pharmacological properties of this plant have been extensively researched, demonstrating a wide range of beneficial effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, studies have indicated its potential in wound healing, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects, and immunomodulating activities. These pharmacological actions make the plant relevant in modern therapeutic applications while affirming its importance in traditional medicine.
Historical Significance in Ayurvedic Literature
The historical use of Kanchanara stretches back to the Vedic period, where it was referred to as Kovidara. It is documented in classical texts, including the Charaka and Susruta Samhitas, which emphasize its utility in various medical contexts. Throughout striations of Ayurvedic history, the plant has been noted for its effectiveness in conditions like Apaci (fever), Vrana (wound healing), Krimiroga (worm infestations), and Gurudabhramsa (tumors). Despite its significant mentions, the prominence of Kanchanara appears to fluctuate throughout time, acquiring increased focus in later Ayurvedic treatises known as the Nighantu, which collate synonyms and properties of medicinal plants.
Ethnomedicinal Applications
In contemporary practices, especially in rural areas of India, Bauhinia purpurea is employed for various ethnobotanical uses. It acts as an anthelmintic, treatment for hemorrhagic disorders, dysentery, and skin diseases. The buds, leaves, and bark are utilized for their soothing properties and are often integrated into herbal formulations. For instance, the dried buds are commonly used in treating conditions such as piles, while the stem bark is valued for its astringent and tonic properties. Additionally, decoctions made from different parts of the plant play significant roles in addressing various health concerns, demonstrating its continued relevance in both preventive and remedial healthcare.
Conclusion
The review of Bauhinia purpurea underscores its multifaceted applications and historical significance in Ayurveda. As a medically significant plant, it possesses myriad therapeutic properties which align with both classical Ayurvedic principles and contemporary scientific research. While the ethnomedicinal uses of Kanchanara are well-established, further exploration and documentation could enhance its integration into modern healthcare practices. Future research endeavors are essential to fully utilize this plant's potential, paving the way for innovative formulations and treatments derived from traditional knowledge.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Bauhinia purpurea commonly known as in English?
Bauhinia purpurea is commonly known as Butterfly Tree, Orchid Tree, or Mountain Ebony.
What are the medicinal properties of Kanchanara?
Kanchanara contains anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and wound healing properties, making it valuable in treating a range of diseases in Ayurveda.
Which parts of Bauhinia purpurea are used medicinally?
Medicinal uses of Bauhinia purpurea include the bark, leaves, fruits, stems, and flowers, each with specific therapeutic applications.
What diseases can Bauhinia purpurea help treat?
It is used to treat various conditions including cough, piles, menorrhagia, dysentery, and skin disorders due to its therapeutic properties.
Can Bauhinia purpurea be found throughout India?
Yes, Bauhinia purpurea is commonly cultivated and found throughout India, especially in sub-Himalayan regions.
What significant chemical constituents are present in Kanchanara?
Kanchanara contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and other compounds, contributing to its medicinal effects and health benefits.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Bauhinia purpurea (kanchanara)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kovidara:
Kovidara, originally referring to the plant Bauhinia purpurea, highlights its significance in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. This term embodies the plant's therapeutic potential, denoting its use in treating various ailments such as hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin issues. Its identity anchors it within a rich medicinal heritage.
2) Varga:
In Ayurvedic texts, 'Varga' refers to a classification category that groups medicinal plants or substances based on their shared properties or therapeutic uses. Understanding the 'Varga' of Kovidara enhances its significance in Ayurvedic treatments, providing insight into its application for specific health conditions.
3) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
'Nighantu' signifies a type of Ayurvedic text that compiles synonyms, descriptions, and medicinal uses of plants. These texts are crucial for understanding the botany and properties of plants like Kovidara. The knowledge derived from 'Nighantu' aids practitioners in identifying and employing medicinal plants effectively.
4) Samhita:
'Samhitas' refers to the ancient compilations of texts detailing the principles of Ayurveda. These scriptures feature Kovidara, establishing its significance in the foundational knowledge base of Ayurvedic medicine.
5) Tree:
The term 'Tree' indicates the botanical classification of Kovidara as an arborous plant, specifically Bauhinia purpurea, which is characterized by its height, structure, and reproductive physiology. Its tree form contributes to its ecological value and provides unique components that are harnessed for medicinal purposes.
6) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' refers to the taste or flavor profile associated with a medicinal plant. In Ayurveda, 'Rasa' can guide treatment protocols and selection of medicinal ingredients based on their taste, impacting their therapeutic efficacy. Understanding the 'Rasa' of Kovidara aids in tailoring its usage in herbal formulations.
7) Kashaya (Kasaya):
'Kasaya' means astringent, describing the taste associated with Kovidara that influences digestive and healing properties, allowing practitioners to understand its applications in therapies.
8) India:
India is the region where Kovidara, or Bauhinia purpurea, is primarily found and culturally utilized. The historical roots of Ayurveda are deeply embedded in Indian traditions, making the study and application of plants like Kovidara integral to the country's holistic health practices.
9) Guna:
'Gunas' denote the qualities of Kovidara elucidating its categorization and effectiveness within treatment, guiding practitioners in the appropriate selection of herbal remedies.
10) Laghu:
'Laghu' refers to the property of being light or easy to digest in Ayurveda. Kovidara's categorization under 'Laghu' implies that it may support digestive health, making it valuable for patients with sluggish digestion or those needing a gentle herbal remedy.
12) Gandamala (Ganda-mala):
'Gandamala' references a group of diseases related to lymphatic system disorders in Ayurveda. Kovidara's use in treating these conditions showcases its significance in addressing specific health issues within a comprehensive framework of traditional medicinal practices.
13) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
'Astanga' encompasses the eight branches of Ayurveda, signifying a holistic approach to health involving various disciplines. This classification enhances the understanding of how Kovidara is integrated into multiple therapeutic avenues in Ayurveda, focusing on prevention and treatment.
14) Gana:
'Ganas' represent classifications of plants based on functional affinities. Kovidara's inclusion in various 'Ganas' reflects its categorization for specific uses, aiding Ayurveda practitioners in selecting appropriate herbal combinations for treatments.
15) Ruksha (Ruksa):
'Ruksa' implies dryness, denoting Kovidara's effects on the body, helping practitioners use it to manage conditions associated with excess moisture or phlegm.
16) Katu:
'Katu' refers to the pungent taste, associated with stimulating digestive processes and alleviating kapha and vata doshas. Understanding that Kovidara possesses 'Katu' properties aids Ayurveda practitioners in applying it for enhancing digestion and addressing respiratory conditions.
17) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
'Dravyaguna' represents the branch of Ayurveda focused on the study of herbal properties and effects. This scientific approach to understanding Kovidara's attributes informs its medicinal applications, promoting informed practices in herbal medicine and therapy.
18) Kushthaghna (Kusthaghna):
'Kusthaghna' refers to substances that are effective against skin-related diseases, indicating Kovidara's applicability in treatments for conditions like leprosy or other dermatological ailments. Such classifications guide practitioners in selecting appropriate remedies.
19) Medicine:
Medicines encapsulate the numerous substances used to treat health conditions, highlighting Kovidara's role within the larger spectrum of herbal remedies important in traditional practices.
20) Disease:
The term 'Diseases' illustrates the conditions affecting health that Kovidara aims to address. Recognizing the breadth of ailments treated enhances Kovidara's significance as a multifaceted medicinal plant in traditional and modern health contexts.
21) Powder:
'Powder' signifies the form in which plant materials, including Kovidara, may be processed for medicinal use. This convenient format enhances dosage accuracy and ease of administration, vital for ensuring therapeutic efficacy in traditional remedies.
22) Kala:
'Kala' refers to time or phase, reflecting the importance of seasonality in plant harvesting and usage in Ayurveda. The significance of timing in Kovidara's application emphasizes the influence of environmental factors on its potency and efficacy.
23) Drug:
The term 'Drugs' encompasses both synthetic and natural substances used for medicinal purposes, illustrating Kovidara's classification as a natural drug within Ayurvedic frameworks.
24) Dhanvantari (Dhanvamtari):
Dhanvantari is a revered figure in Ayurveda known as the physician of the gods. His association with Kovidara enhances its credibility and roots the plant within a rich tapestry of traditional healing, honoring its application and relevance in Ayurvedic treatments.
25) Vranaropana (Vrana-ropana):
'Vrana-ropana' indicates the ability to heal wounds, emphasizing Kovidara's therapeutic design in augmenting recovery and cell repair in external injuries, reinforcing its role in wound care.
26) Krimighna (Krmighna, Krimi-ghna):
'Krimighna' categorizes plants effective against parasitic infections. Kovidara’s recognition in this context illustrates its potential use in treating conditions caused by parasites, expanding its therapeutic influence within Ayurvedic medicine.
27) Karbudara (Karbu-dara):
Karbudara indicates a variant of the Kovidara plant, providing additional identification within Ayurvedic literature. The acknowledgment of related species enriches the understanding of Kovidara’s therapeutic use across different contexts and formulations.
28) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' stands for a holistic system of medicine rooted in ancient Indian philosophy and practices. It encompasses Kovidara's principles and applications, embodying the comprehensive understanding of health that honors both physical and spiritual well-being.
29) Kasaghna (Kasa-ghna):
'Kasaghna' denotes remedies that alleviate cough, categorizing Kovidara alongside other herbal treatments intended for respiratory issues. Its acknowledgment within this classification reinforces its therapeutic relevance in managing upper respiratory ailments in traditional medicine.
30) Samgraha (Sangraha):
'Samgraha' signifies a comprehensive approach in Ayurveda, referring to the organization of knowledge relating to medicinal plants and therapies. Understanding Kovidara's place within this framework enriches practitioners’ ability to deploy effective treatment strategies.
31) Madhura:
Madhura implies sweetness and indicates components with a soothing effect on the digestive system. Kovidara's sweet flavor contributes to its categorization as a beneficial herb for balancing competing tastes in formulations, emphasizing its versatility in remedies.
32) Guggulu:
'Guggulu' refers to a medicinal resin commonly used in Ayurveda alongside herbs like Kovidara. The pairing with guggulu highlights Kovidara's ability to create synergistic effects within formulations, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
33) Acarya:
Acarya means 'teacher' or 'sage' in Ayurveda, signifying the ancient scholars who documented medicinal practices and herbal properties. Their teachings include Kovidara and serve to guide modern practitioners in utilizing this plant within traditional medicine frameworks.
34) Vipaka:
'Vipaka' indicates the post-digestive effect of a substance in Ayurveda. Understanding Kovidara's 'Vipaka' profile helps in determining its long-term impact on health, guiding practitioners in its application for sustained benefits post-consumption.
35) Family:
'Family' in a botanical context pertains to the classification of plants that share common characteristics. Kovidara belongs to the Fabaceae family, establishing relationships with other medicinal plants, which may enhance understanding of its qualities.
36) Post:
'Post' signifies the follow-up or aftercare in the context of applying medicinal treatments. In Ayurvedic practice, the post-utilization evaluation of Kovidara aids in determining its effectiveness and impact on health outcomes.
37) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The 'Susruta-samhita' is a foundational Ayurvedic text that extensively discusses surgical techniques and the use of medicinal plants. Kovidara's inclusion in this text validates its established role in historical and contemporary Ayurvedic practices.
38) Samshamana (Samsamana):
'Samsamana' refers to a treatment category aimed at balancing doshas in the body. Kovidara's classification within 'Samsamana' supports its application in therapies focusing on restoring equilibrium in patients’ health conditions.
39) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are plant compounds recognized for their antioxidant properties and various health benefits. The identification of flavonoids in Kovidara underscores its phytochemical richness, adding to its therapeutic potential in traditional and modern medicine.
40) Skandha (Skamdha, Skamda):
'Skandha' refers to a group or cluster in Ayurvedic classification systems. In the context of Kovidara, its categorization within a specific 'Skandha' can provide practitioners with insights into its collective effects when combined with other herbs for treatment.
41) Kundali (Kundalin):
'Kundali' alludes to the flower's shape resembling a coil. This attribute adds a cultural dimension to Kovidara, influencing how it is perceived and utilized in traditional medicine systems across various communities.
42) Pitta:
'Pitta' refers to one of the three primary doshas in Ayurveda representing fire and metabolic processes. Kovidara’s 'Pitta' balancing properties make it significant in treating conditions associated with excess heat or inflammation in the body.
43) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' embodies the action or effect that a substance has on the body in Ayurveda. Understanding Kovidara's 'Karma' aids practitioners in employing it effectively to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes in patients.
44) Rakta:
'Rakta' signifies the blood and relates to conditions affecting this vital fluid. Kovidara’s use in treating blood disorders emphasizes its role in managing issues like hemorrhage or associated health concerns.
45) Vrana:
'Vrana' translates to a wound, emphasizing Kovidara's role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. This property highlights its utility in treating external injuries and facilitating faster recovery processes.
46) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
'Arshas' encompasses hemorrhoids, relating to specific conditions treated by Kovidara and emphasizing its place within targeted therapeutic strategies in Ayurvedic medicine.
47) Kasa (Kasha):
'Kasa' signifies cough, identifying respiratory ailments that Kovidara may help relieve. Its inclusion as a treatment for 'Kasa' showcases its significance in addressing common respiratory issues in Ayurvedic medicine.
48) Beta:
In a botanical context, 'Beta' may refer to a chemical compound or a property of a plant species. In relation to Kovidara, it highlights the plant’s documented chemical constituents, connecting its effects to scientific understanding.
49) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
The 'Astanga-samgraha' is another essential Ayurvedic text documenting extensive knowledge about medicinal plants. Kovidara's mention in this text confirms its longstanding reputation and therapeutic applications within traditional Indian healing systems.
50) Guducyadivarga (Guducyadi-varga):
The 'Guducyadi-varga' refers to a category of medicinal plants and formulations with specific therapeutic benefits. By classifying Kovidara within this context, practitioners can draw analogies and parallels to similar treatments available in Ayurveda.
51) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' relates to the study of how substances affect biological systems, making it a relevant term in examining Kovidara's active components and their potential therapeutic effects in treating health conditions based on scientific research.
52) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
The 'Astanga-hrdaya' is a critical Ayurvedic text that synthesizes various strands of knowledge about health, diseases, and herbal remedies. Recognition of Kovidara here connects its ancient practices with modern therapeutic applications.
53) Putikaranjadi:
'Putikaranjadi' potentially refers to a classification related to Kovidara’s traditional uses. The relevance of such classifications aids practitioners in exploring Kovidara’s multifaceted applications in holistic health approaches.
54) Vranashodhana (Vranasodhana, Vrana-shodhana):
'Vrana-shodhana' focuses on purifying and managing wounds, showcasing Kovidara’s relevance in enhancing healing processes and preventing infections through its healing properties.
55) Dhanvamtri (Dhanvantri):
Dhanvantri is a significant figure representing the god of Ayurveda. His association with healing practices and plants like Kovidara underlines the integration of spirituality within medicinal traditions, enriching the cultural narrative of Ayurvedic medicine.
56) Guducyadi (Guducya-adi):
'Guducyadi' denotes a category of Ayurvedic formulations known for their therapeutic benefits. Recognizing Kovidara within this ambit informs practitioners about its efficacy alongside other well-regarded herbal ingredients in Ayurvedic practice.
57) Pittahara (Pitta-hara):
'Pittahara' translates to a substance that pacifies pitta dosha, indicating Kovidara’s beneficial role in managing conditions characterized by excessive heat or inflammation, reinforcing its significance in Ayurvedic treatments.
58) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata refers to a prominent Ayurvedic scholar and physician whose texts guide contemporary understanding of medicinal plants like Kovidara. His contributions ensure that traditional knowledge persists in modern practices.
59) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hrdaya refers to the heart within Ayuvedic texts, providing insights into the therapeutic properties of plants like Kovidara which enhance overall health and vitality in patients.
60) Kuddala:
'Kuddala' likely refers to another name or term associated with Kovidara, enhancing its identification across various Ayurvedic texts and emphasizing the need for accurate recognition in botanical studies.
61) Shalmali (Salmali):
'Salmali' refers to a significant medicinal plant, and its connection to Kovidara enriches understanding of their complementary roles in traditional remedies within Ayurvedic practices.
62) Habitat:
'Habitat' denotes the natural environment where Kovidara thrives. Understanding the ecological conditions and geographical distribution enhances knowledge of when and where to harvest for optimal medicinal potency.
63) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma signifies a medicinal preparation of calcined substances in Ayurveda. Its application alongside Kovidara highlights the integration of traditional preparation methods in herbal therapeutics.
64) Ghrita (Ghrta):
'Ghrita' refers to ghee or clarified butter and is a common base for many Ayurvedic formulations. The combination of Kovidara with 'Ghrita' enhances its absorption and effectiveness in treatments, underscoring traditional preparation techniques.
65) Apachi:
'Apachi' refers to a specific condition or disease addressed in Ayurvedic texts, indicating Kovidara’s relevance in managing particular health issues through its remedial properties.
66) Dipana:
'Dipana' means stimulating appetite, indicating Kovidara's role in improving digestive functions. This property enables practitioners to use it effectively in treatments for digestive health.
67) Uddala:
'Uddala' is another term related to Kovidara, contributing to the identification and categorization of this plant within Ayurvedic texts, reinforcing its significance and utility.
68) Kantan:
'Kandan' may refer to specific features or characteristics of Kovidara that contribute to its identification and therapeutic use, reinforcing included knowledge in Ayurveda.
69) Trayi:
'Trayi' relates to the three primary texts in Ayurveda, emphasizing the foundational principles that guide the understanding and application of plants like Kovidara.
70) Patra:
'Patra' indicates the leaves or parts of a plant in Ayurvedic terms, representing an integral aspect of Kovidara's use, contributing to its identification and applications.
71) Virya:
'Virya' denotes the potency or energy of a plant, essential for understanding Kovidara's efficacy and influence on health, helping practitioners assess its therapeutic capacity.
72) Kanda (Kamda):
'Kanda' symbolizes the tuber or root aspect of a plant. In relation to Kovidara, acknowledging its root properties contributes to understanding its full therapeutic potential.
73) Sugar:
'Sugar' in this context refers to carbohydrates that provide energy, highlighting dietary considerations in Ayurvedic practices, which may relate to Kovidara's effects on metabolism.
74) Cina:
China, as a geographical context, connects to commercial and botanical exchanges involving Kovidara, showing its wider relevance and application beyond local Indian practices.
75) Guru:
'Guru' signifies something heavy or potent in a medicinal context, relating to the dosages of Kovidara used in treatments to ensure efficacy and balance in remedies.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 222]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Bauhinia purpurea (kanchanara)’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Samskara, Raktapradara, Medicinal plant, Vedic literature, Ayurvedic medicine, Decoction preparation, Rasa-panchaka, Phytochemical screening, Ethnomedicine, Kanchanara guggulu, Pharmacological studies, Nighantu Kala, Intrinsic haemorrhage.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.