Causes of infertility in women

| Posted in: Health Sciences Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Causes of infertility in women
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Bushra Jawad Kadhim and Rasha Hatem Abbas


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Causes of infertility in women

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20195-14666

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

1) Introduction

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse for women under 35 and after six months for those over 35. Approximately 10% to 15% of couples experience infertility at some point in their reproductive lives, with anovulatory issues accounting for 25% to 50% of female infertility cases. Factors contributing to infertility include advanced age, obesity, and certain medications. The understanding of endocrine factors and their impact on ovulation is crucial for identifying women who may struggle with infertility, prompting the need for awareness of lifestyle choices that can preserve fertility.

2) Age-Related Infertility

A significant aspect of female infertility is age-related decline in fertility, primarily due to a decrease in both the quality and quantity of a woman's eggs as she ages. Women are born with a finite number of eggs, and only a small fraction are ovulated throughout their reproductive years. As age increases, particularly post-30, the likelihood of genetic abnormalities in eggs rises, leading to lower pregnancy rates and a higher chance of miscarriage. This gradual decline in ovarian reserve is a key factor in decreasing fecundity, emphasizing the importance of addressing infertility concerns before the age of 35.

3) Tubal Factor Infertility

Tubal factor infertility arises when the fallopian tubes become blocked or damaged, preventing eggs and sperm from meeting. The most common causes of dysfunction include scar tissue often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is frequently linked to sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia. The risk of infertility increases with each episode of PID. Research indicates that 75% of women with tubal infertility test positive for chlamydia, underscoring the importance of addressing STIs to prevent infertility.

4) Ovulatory Disorders

Ovulatory disorders are another prevalent cause of infertility in women and encompass a range of conditions that hinder regular ovulation. Conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypothalamic disorders, and premature ovarian failure can disrupt the normal hormonal signals necessary for ovulation. The interplay of lifestyle factors, including stress and weight, also influences ovulatory function. For some women, addressing these underlying disorders through weight management and hormonal therapy can restore normal ovulatory cycles and enhance fertility.

5) Conclusion

Infertility poses significant social, emotional, and psychological challenges, affecting approximately one in six couples in Iraq. The rising rates of infertility in developed societies can be attributed to several factors including age-related declines in egg quality, increasing obesity, and higher incidences of sexually transmitted infections. With trends indicating a postponement of pregnancy and a concurrent spike in unexplained infertility cases, there is an urgent need for increased awareness and proactive measures in fertility management. Addressing lifestyle factors, along with understanding the dynamics of fertility, will be essential as society navigates the complexities of reproduction in the modern age.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the definition of infertility in women?

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse in women under 35 years, and after six months for those over 35.

What percentage of couples experience infertility?

Epidemiological data suggest that around 10% to 15% of couples are infertile, indicating it is a common issue.

How does age affect female fertility?

Female fertility declines after age 30, with a more rapid decline after 35, resulting in decreased chances of pregnancy.

What are common causes of female infertility?

Common causes include tubal factors, ovulatory disorders, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility, among others.

How do lifestyle factors influence female fertility?

Lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, and diet can negatively affect fertility, leading to delayed conception and increased risks of miscarriage.

What impact does psychological stress have on fertility?

While psychological stress may contribute to infertility, evidence is inconsistent, and the exact role of stress in reproductive health remains uncertain.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Causes of infertility in women”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
Disease refers to any deviation from the normal structure and function of the body that results in impairment of health. In the context of infertility, diseases like endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and sexually transmitted infections can significantly impact female reproductive health and fertility rates, making accurate diagnosis crucial for effective management.

2) Drug:
A drug, as a singular form of 'drugs,' refers to a specific chemical substance used for therapeutic purposes. The choice of drug can influence fertility outcomes; hence, healthcare providers must consider the pharmacological profiles of treatments when assessing their potential impact on a woman's ability to conceive.

3) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of something, in this case, the quality of oocytes (eggs) which significantly declines with age, affecting female fertility. High-quality eggs improve the chances of successful conception and healthy pregnancies, underlining the importance of assessing egg quality in fertility evaluations.

4) Reason:
Reason refers to a cause or explanation for phenomena. In infertility, identifying the underlying reason for a couple’s inability to conceive is critical for effective treatment. Common reasons include advanced age, lifestyle factors, and health conditions, each necessitating tailored interventions.

5) Diet:
Diet consists of the types of food that a person regularly consumes. Studies indicate that diet may influence fertility; specific diets rich in low glycemic index foods can promote ovulatory function. Thus, dietary recommendations can be vital components of fertility treatments to enhance reproductive health.

6) Life:
Life in this context encompasses the biological and reproductive phase in women's health. The quality of life, including mental and physical health aspects, greatly informs fertility outcomes. Understanding how lifestyle choices impact fertility is crucial for both prevention and management of infertility.

7) Observation:
Observation is the act of monitoring or witnessing phenomena, essential in clinical settings for diagnosing and managing infertility. Healthcare providers rely on clinical observations to evaluate symptoms and conditions affecting fertility, leading to better understanding and targeted treatment strategies.

8) Knowledge:
Knowledge pertains to the information and understanding acquired through education or experience. In fertility, enhanced knowledge of reproductive health, treatment options, and care strategies empowers couples facing infertility, facilitating informed decision-making and potentially improving their chances of conception.

9) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the state of carrying a developing fetus in the womb. Understanding the various factors leading up to a successful pregnancy is crucial, as infertility treatments aim to improve a woman's chances of becoming pregnant through various medical interventions.

10) Animal:
Animals, as plural, serve as significant models for understanding reproductive systems and fertility issues. Research involving animal subjects contributes to medical advances in fertility treatments and a better understanding of reproductive biology.

11) Desire:
Desire relates to the strong feeling of wanting to achieve pregnancy. The emotional and psychological aspects of desire play a critical role in how couples cope with infertility, affecting their overall experience and the decisions they make regarding treatment options.

12) Study (Studying):
A study involves systematic investigation and research to establish facts or principles. Research studies focused on infertility help identify causes, treatment efficacy, and risk factors, advancing knowledge and improving clinical practices in reproductive health.

13) Male:
Male refers to male individuals, whose reproductive health also affects overall fertility dynamics. Male factor infertility, such as sperm quality and quantity issues, can significantly contribute to a couple's fertility challenges, necessitating comprehensive evaluations for both partners.

14) Young women (Young woman):
Young women, typically defined as the demographic under 35, are often considered to have better fertility potential. Understanding the challenges young women face, such as lifestyle choices and health conditions impacting fertility, is vital for supporting their reproductive goals.

15) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy consists of drugs used to treat cancer that can adversely affect fertility in women by inducing ovarian failure. Awareness of this impact is essential for counseling women facing cancer treatments about preserving reproductive options before embarking on chemotherapy.

16) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that can have secondary effects on reproductive health. While less common now, historical links between tuberculosis and infertility underline the importance of public health measures to control infectious diseases impacting fertility.

17) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often linked to various reproductive issues such as pelvic inflammatory disease. Chronic inflammation can lead to infertility, making inflammation management crucial in treating women with fertility issues.

18) Measurement:
Measurement, in the singular form, signifies the act or process of measuring. Accurate measurement of reproductive hormones can provide insights into ovulatory function and overall fertility, guiding medical interventions effectively.

19) Developing:
Developing can relate to the process of growth or advancement. In fertility contexts, developing strategies for treatment and understanding the evolving landscape of reproductive health are essential for improving outcomes for individuals facing infertility.

20) Depression:
Depression is a prevalent psychological condition that can compound the stress associated with infertility. Emotional well-being significantly affects treatment efficacy and couples' decision-making, necessitating mental health support in infertility treatment programs.

21) Education:
Education is vital in the context of understanding reproductive health issues. Increased awareness and educational programs can help couples navigate their fertility challenges more effectively and make informed decisions about their reproductive choices.

22) Attending:
Attending refers to participation, particularly in clinical settings. Patients attending fertility clinics undergo assessments and treatments designed to address infertility, highlighting the importance of access to specialized medical care for couples experiencing reproductive difficulties.

23) Activity:
Activity encompasses behaviors and lifestyle choices that may influence reproductive health. Regular physical activity is linked to positive health outcomes, but excessive exercise in women can lead to ovulatory disruptions, emphasizing the need for balance.

24) Marriage:
Marriage can influence reproductive choices, as couples often plan to start families within the context of their marital relationships. Timing and socio-economic factors related to marriage can affect infertility prevalence and related counseling.

25) Relative:
Relative often refers to relationships among individuals, which can include hereditary factors influencing fertility. Genetic backgrounds may play a crucial role in conditions such as premature ovarian failure or polycystic ovary syndrome, necessitating familial health history assessments.

26) Meeting:
Meeting may refer to the intersection of individuals, particularly in the context of relationships and family planning. Delayed meeting of partners often leads to postponed pregnancy, impacting fertility rates in modern societies.

27) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a common emotional response often experienced by individuals facing infertility. High levels of anxiety can impact hormonal balance and overall reproductive health, necessitating supportive mental health care as part of fertility treatment.

28) Family:
Family forms the core of societal support structures, and the desire to start a family often drives couples to seek fertility treatments. Understanding family dynamics can aid healthcare providers in offering tailored support to couples experiencing infertility.

29) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasha refers to Rasha Hatem Abbas, a co-author in the study on infertility causes. Contributions from individuals like Rasha underscore the collaborative nature of research in exploring infertility and reproductive health complexities.

30) Table:
Table refers to tabulated data summarizing findings or statistics. In research contexts, tables can concisely present information about causes of infertility, facilitating clearer understanding and comparison of various factors influencing reproductive health.

31) Doubt:
Doubt encompasses the uncertainty or lack of conviction regarding issues, which can affect individuals coping with infertility. Addressing uncertainties through clear communication and education is vital in helping couples make informed decisions about treatment pathways.

32) Birth:
Birth signifies the culmination of a successful pregnancy. Understanding factors affecting birth outcomes, including maternal health and fertility status, is essential for ensuring both maternal and infant health and planning appropriate medical care.

33) Kola:
Kola refers to the author Kola and his contributions to research surrounding infertility. Individual contributions in academic literature help shape understanding of complex fertility issues and support the development of effective treatment strategies.

34) Food:
Food relates to nutrition and dietary habits that can influence reproductive health. Certain dietary patterns may enhance fertility by promoting ovulatory function, underlining the importance of nutritional counseling for women trying to conceive.

35) Pain:
Pain refers to physical discomfort that can accompany infertility issues or treatments. Patients may experience emotional distress related to fertility challenges, making holistic approaches to treatment that consider both emotional and physical pain vital for effective care.

36) Hand:
Hand can symbolize the concept of support and assistance in the context of infertility treatment. The involvement of healthcare providers can significantly impact the experiences of couples facing fertility challenges, highlighting the importance of compassionate care.

37) Post:
Post, as a prefix, indicates something occurring after a particular event; in this context, it relates to the consequences following issues such as infertility, including socio-emotional effects and the potential for relationship strain.

38) Pur:
Poor describes suboptimal quality or condition, frequently used in medical contexts to denote low health states. Poor reproductive health can lead to infertility, necessitating targeted interventions to improve fertility outcomes for individuals facing such challenges.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Causes of infertility in women’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Advanced age, Psychological factor, Lifestyle Factors, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome, Fertility treatment, Unexplained Infertility, Endometriosis, Ovulatory disorders, Recurrent miscarriage, Tubal factor infertility, Chromosome abnormalities.

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