Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant evaluation of Hibiscus extract
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical profiling of ethanolic flower extract of hibiscus rosa-sinensis and evaluation of its antioxidant potential
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Sana Wahid, Samiyah Tasleem and Sajid Jahangir
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical profiling of ethanolic flower extract of hibiscus rosa-sinensis and evaluation of its antioxidant potential
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20196-14883
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study of medicinal plants has garnered significant attention due to their potential therapeutic properties, especially in traditional medicine. One plant of interest is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as the shoeblack plant or China rose, belonging to the Malvaceae family. This evergreen shrub, known for its striking red flowers, thrives in warm climates and is traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, including epilepsy, bronchial catarrh, and diabetes. The current study evaluates the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis collected from Islamabad, Pakistan.
Phytochemical Screening of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Phytochemical screening involves the systematic examination of plant extracts for various bioactive compounds. The study employed standard methods to identify key phytochemicals in the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, glycosides, and flavonoids. Each phytochemical was identified through qualitative tests, such as the lead sub-acetate test for tannins and the Wagner test for alkaloids. The presence of these compounds is significant, as they are often associated with various health benefits, supporting the traditional use of the plant for medicinal purposes.
Antioxidant Activity of the Extract
The antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging activity. Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals, which can cause cellular damage and contribute to the development of various diseases. The extract's IC₅₀ value was measured, indicating the concentration at which 50% of the DPPH radicals were scavenged. The study found that the extract exhibited substantial antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ of 231.11 mg/mL, while the standard antioxidant gallic acid showed an IC₅₀ of 23.436 mg/mL. This highlights the extract's potential as a natural source of antioxidants.
Implications for Pharmaceutical Development
The findings from this study indicate that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis holds promise for drug development, particularly in creating new medications addressing various health issues, including oxidative stress-related conditions. The presence of multiple phytochemicals with demonstrated antioxidant capability suggests that further isolation and characterization of these compounds could lead to novel therapeutic agents. The results advocate for additional research focusing on the phytochemical compounds present in the plant’s flowers, potentially leading to the formulation of effective natural remedies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the phytochemical profiling and evaluation of the antioxidant potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers reveal their significant therapeutic implications. The study underscores the importance of natural products in drug discovery and the potential of the identified phytochemicals as sources for new antioxidant compounds that could be significant in treating various diseases. Further research is warranted to explore these phytochemicals in-depth, paving the way for advancements in phytotherapy and the pharmaceutical industry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the medicinal use of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers?
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers are used to treat epilepsy, leprosy, bronchial catarrh, and diabetes. They also help prevent hair loss, reduce gray hair, improve blood circulation, and aid in liver disorders and constipation.
What phytochemical constituents are present in the flower extracts?
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, glycosides, and flavonoids in the ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers.
How was the antioxidant activity of the flower extract evaluated?
The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method, measuring the change in absorbance of the purple DPPH solution as it reacted with the extracts.
What was the IC50 value for the flower extract?
The IC50 value for the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was found to be 231.110 mg/mL, indicating its effectiveness in scavenging free radicals.
What other substances were used for comparison in the antioxidant tests?
Gallic acid and acetyl cysteine were used as standard substances for comparison, showing IC50 values of 23.436 mg/mL and 111.44 mg/mL respectively.
Why is further research recommended on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis?
Further research is essential to isolate, purify, and characterize the phytochemical compounds, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents from this medicinal plant.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant evaluation of Hibiscus extract”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. These constituents, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, are often studied for their health benefits, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential roles in the treatment of various diseases.
2) Activity:
Activity in this context relates to the functional properties exhibited by specific compounds or extracts, particularly their biological effects. For example, the antioxidant activity of hibiscus flower extracts indicates their ability to scavenge free radicals, demonstrating their potential utility in health and pharmaceutical applications.
3) Hair:
Hair is a biological feature of mammals, and in this text, it relates to the traditional uses of hibiscus extracts for promoting hair health. The plant is credited with benefiting hair growth and reducing hair loss, showcasing its cultural significance in beauty and wellness practices.
4) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data, showcasing results from experiments or studies. In scientific papers, tables are crucial for summarizing quantitative data, such as phytochemical tests and antioxidant activity, making complex information accessible and facilitating comparison and analysis.
5) Drug:
A drug is a specific chemical substance used for medical purposes. The singular form emphasizes the focus on individual compounds or formulations derived from plants like hibiscus. Such drugs are essential for modern medicine, often derived from extensive research on traditional herbal remedies.
6) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of the text, it relates to the scientific investigation of phytochemicals, their properties, and their potential applications in medicine, reflecting the importance of empirical evidence in health-related research.
7) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in biological and chemical processes. In the context of preparing extracts, water serves as a medium for dissolving various compounds. Its significance is highlighted in the methods for testing phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity, emphasizing its role in extraction and analysis.
8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often resulting in redness, swelling, and pain. The text mentions the use of hibiscus extracts for their anti-inflammatory properties, illustrating their potential therapeutic role in managing conditions associated with excessive inflammation in the body.
9) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and health benefits. This text indicates their presence in hibiscus flower extracts, which may contribute to various therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, thereby underscoring their value in herbal medicine.
10) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The traditional uses of hibiscus flowers in treating epilepsy showcase the plant's medicinal aspects, emphasizing the importance of phytochemicals and natural remedies in managing neurological conditions and supporting alternative therapeutic approaches.
11) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, leading to severe skin lesions and nerve damage. The mention of hibiscus as a treatment for leprosy reflects the historical application of medicinal plants in combating infectious diseases and the need for ongoing research.
12) Autumn:
Autumn is one of the four seasons, characterized by the shedding of leaves and cooler temperatures. In this context, it describes the flowering period of hibiscus, emphasizing its seasonal growth patterns, which are important for harvesting flowers used for medicinal extracts in research.
13) Family:
Family, in botanical terms, classifies plants into groups sharing common characteristics. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis belongs to the Malvaceae family, illustrating the significance of taxonomy in understanding plant relationships and properties, which aids in identifying potential medicinal uses of related species.
14) Summer:
Summer is the warmest season of the year, important for the blooming period of certain plants. The text mentions hibiscus flowers blooming in summer, highlighting the relevance of seasonal climate conditions in the cultivation and harvesting of plant materials for research and traditional medicine.
15) Blood:
Blood is a crucial fluid in the body that supplies essentials like oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products. The text discusses hibiscus extracts for improving blood circulation, linking phytochemical properties to potential health benefits in promoting cardiovascular health.
16) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the scientific investigation conducted to gather knowledge about a specific topic. The research on hibiscus phytochemicals and their antioxidant activity represents systematic inquiry aimed at discovering new medicinal properties, validating traditional uses, and informing pharmaceutical development.
17) Cina:
China refers to the country known for its rich cultural heritage, including traditional medicine practices. The term 'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis' translates to 'rose of China,' emphasizing the historical and cultural significance of hibiscus in Chinese medicine and its global relevance.
18) Tree:
Tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem. In the text, 'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis' is referred to as a shrub or small tree, underlining its structural characteristics and ecological role, which can affect its cultivation and extraction processes for medicinal purposes.
19) Life:
Life refers to the condition distinguishing living organisms from inorganic matter. The text highlights plants like hibiscus as a vital source of medicinal compounds, emphasizing their role in sustaining health and well-being, illustrating the importance of biodiversity in pharmaceutical research.
20) Oil:
Oils are lipid substances that can have various biological functions. The text mentions the absence of oils in hibiscus extracts, which can be relevant when assessing the chemical composition and potential applications of plant materials in herbal medicine and cosmetic formulations.
21) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. The text highlights phytochemical compounds potentially showing antibacterial properties derived from hibiscus extracts, emphasizing the importance of exploring natural remedies for combating bacterial infections and developing new therapeutic agents.
22) Observation:
Observation refers to the act of noticing and recording phenomena in a systematic way. In scientific research, careful observation is critical for gathering accurate data, such as noting the presence or absence of specific phytochemicals in hibiscus extracts, forming the basis for further analysis.
23) Discussion:
Discussion is a section in scientific literature where results are interpreted and contextualized within existing knowledge. In this context, it provides insights into the implications of findings related to hibiscus extracts, facilitating a deeper understanding of their phytochemical properties and potential applications.
24) Knowledge:
Knowledge is the understanding and awareness gained through education, experience, or research. The text emphasizes the importance of accumulating knowledge about the phytochemical properties of plants like hibiscus to advance medicinal use and enhance drug development based on traditional practices.
25) Container:
Container refers to an object used for holding or storing substances. In the text, it highlights the use of airtight containers for storing dried flowers, essential for preserving the integrity of plant materials and ensuring the reliability of subsequent phytochemical analyses.
26) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition of a bodily part resulting from various factors, such as infections or chemical imbalance. The mention of hibiscus in treating diseases reflects the exploration of natural remedies in alleviating and managing health conditions in herbal medicine.
27) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants. The text links the identification of hibiscus specimens to the field of botany, underscoring the significance of taxonomic classification, ecological understanding, and plant physiology in exploring the medicinal properties of plant species.
28) India:
India is a country known for its rich tradition of herbal medicine. The text discusses the availability of hibiscus products in India, reflecting the country's cultural practices and history of utilizing plant extracts for health benefits, contributing to global botanical knowledge.
29) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma refers to the fragrance or pleasant smell of a substance, often derived from volatile compounds. In the context of hibiscus, aromatic compounds contribute to its sensory properties, which can affect its use in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and culinary applications.
30) Shana (Sana):
Sana is a name that refers to one of the authors involved in the study. Individual contributions to research emphasize collaboration in scientific inquiry, underlying the importance of multiple perspectives and expertise in advancing knowledge related to phytochemical investigations.
31) Inci (Imci):
Inch is a unit of measurement equal to 1/12 of a foot. The text references measurements of hibiscus flowers, illustrating the significance of accurate measurements in botanical studies, ensuring precise data for further research on plant dimensions and characteristics.