A review on method development on estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on method development on estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Shinde Madhuri and H. S. Bhawar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review on method development on estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20197-15196
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Asthma is a prevalent long-term inflammatory condition affecting the airways in the lungs, characterized by recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Among various treatments, acebrophylline and doxofylline are recognized as effective anti-asthmatic drugs. A detailed review has been conducted to develop a simple, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of these two compounds, both individually and within their combined formulations. This review highlights various analytical methods that have been previously reported for estimating these drugs in different dosage forms.
Mechanism of Action of Acebrophylline
Acebrophylline acts primarily as a bronchodilator by inhibiting intracellular phosphodiesterases, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which promotes the relaxation of bronchial muscles. Moreover, ambroxol, a component of acebrophylline, serves as a mucolytic agent that enhances mucociliary clearance by stimulating ciliary motility. Additionally, acebrophylline's role in reducing inflammation is underscored by its ability to inhibit the synthesis and release of leukotrienes and tumor necrosis factors, contributing to its therapeutic effect in asthmatic patients.
Mechanism of Action of Doxofylline
Doxofylline is a xanthine derivative known for its bronchodilator properties, operating through mechanisms similar to acebrophylline. It inhibits phosphodiesterase activity, resulting in increased cAMP levels, which facilitates smooth muscle relaxation in the airways. Furthermore, research indicates that doxofylline interacts with beta-2 adrenoceptors, with specific serine residues in the receptor being crucial for binding. This interaction not only promotes relaxation of airway smooth muscles but also induces blood vessel relaxation, enhancing its efficacy as a treatment for asthma.
Analytical Methods for Acebrophylline and Doxofylline
Various analytical techniques have been reported for the estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline in pharmaceutical formulations. Notable methods include reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometry, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Each method utilizes specific mobile phases and columns optimized for the separation and quantification of these compounds, with reported linear ranges and wavelengths for effective measurement. These methods facilitate the quality control and routine analysis of acebrophylline and doxofylline in both bulk substances and their prescribed dosage forms.
Conclusion
Acebrophylline and doxofylline are integral in managing asthma symptoms due to their therapeutic properties and roles in airway dilatation and anti-inflammatory processes. The review highlights the necessity for accurate and validated methods for the simultaneous estimation of these drugs in combination forms, contributing to their quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. As various analytical techniques have been established, a consistent approach using one or more of these methods will enhance the reliability and effectiveness of quality assessments in clinical practice.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are acebrophylline and doxofylline used for?
Acebrophylline and doxofylline are used as anti-asthmatic drugs to alleviate symptoms of asthma. They help in reducing inflammation and relaxing bronchial muscles, thus improving airflow in the lungs.
How does acebrophylline work in the body?
Acebrophylline acts as a bronchodilator by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, increasing cyclic AMP levels, and promoting bronchial muscle relaxation. It also exhibits mucolytic properties, enhancing mucociliary clearance.
What is the chemical composition of doxofylline?
Doxofylline is a xanthine derivative with the chemical composition: 7-(1,3-dioxolan-2-methyl)-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione and molecular weight of 266.25 g/mol.
What analytical methods are used for estimating these drugs?
Various methods like RP-HPLC, UV spectroscopy, and HPTLC have been reported for estimating acebrophylline and doxofylline in bulk and combination forms. These methods include different mobile phases and wavelengths for analysis.
What are the solubility characteristics of these drugs?
Acebrophylline is soluble in methanol, while doxofylline is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in ethanol, making solvent choice important in formulation and analysis.
What is the conclusion regarding acebrophylline and doxofylline?
Both acebrophylline and doxofylline significantly contribute to asthma treatment. The development of accurate and validated methods for their simultaneous estimation in pharmaceutical formulations is essential for quality control.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review on method development on estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The plural 'Drugs' encompasses various substances such as acebrophylline and doxofylline, which are used in combination for treating asthma. The review catalogs different analytical methods for estimating these drugs to ensure efficacy, safety, and quality in pharmaceutical preparations, highlighting the need for accurate measurement methods.
2) Pravara:
Pravara is a geographical reference to the location of the Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy in Pravaranagar, Maharashtra. This institution is significant for pharmaceutical research and education, contributing to the development of analytical methods for drug estimation, such as those explored in the study of acebrophylline and doxofylline.
3) Water:
Water is crucial in pharmaceutical contexts for solvent systems, particularly in the formulation of drugs and in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for drug analysis. In this review, water is mentioned as part of mobile phases, emphasizing its importance in solubilizing compounds for accurate drug estimation techniques.
4) Blood:
In pharmacology, blood often serves as a medium for drug distribution within the body. The reference to blood levels of ambroxol points to the importance of bioavailability and systemic drug effects. Understanding blood interactions is key to optimizing therapeutic outcomes for drugs like acebrophylline and doxofylline.
5) Beta:
The term 'Beta' in this context refers to beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which are key in mediating the effects of bronchodilators like doxofylline. Understanding how drugs interact with these receptors helps in assessing their therapeutic efficacy and informs dosing strategies in managing asthma symptoms effectively.
6) Pune:
Pune is a major city in Maharashtra, India, and the location associated with Savitribai Phule Pune University, where the research was conducted. The city's educational institutions contribute to pharmaceutical innovations, training students, and developing methods for drug formulation and analysis that benefit healthcare.
7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a critical biological response often implicated in respiratory diseases like asthma. Both acebrophylline and doxofylline have anti-inflammatory properties, making them valuable in treating asthma by inhibiting inflammatory mediators. Understanding inflammation is essential for developing effective treatments for chronic conditions.
8) Performance:
Performance, particularly in context to 'high-performance liquid chromatography' (HPLC), refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of analytical methods in quantifying drug substances. The review discusses various HPLC methods to optimize the separation and detection of acebrophylline and doxofylline in pharmaceutical preparations.
9) Activity:
Activity, in a pharmacological sense, refers to the biological effects of a drug. The review details the mechanisms of action of acebrophylline and doxofylline, explaining their bronchodilator effects and action on inflammatory pathways, which are crucial for understanding therapeutic use and effectiveness.
10) Quality:
Quality involves ensuring the purity, potency, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. The review emphasizes the importance of developing validated methods for estimating acebrophylline and doxofylline to guarantee that these drugs meet quality standards for safety and effectiveness in treating asthma.
11) Disease:
The term 'Disease' refers to pathological conditions such as asthma, which is characterized by chronic respiratory issues. Acebrophylline and doxofylline are highlighted as effective treatments for managing the symptoms and underlying inflammation associated with this disease, enhancing patient quality of life.
12) Nagel:
Nagel refers to the brand of analytical columns used in chromatographic techniques. The mention of 'Macherey-Nagel C18' illustrates the importance of column choice in HPLC analysis for achieving optimal separation and detection of drug compounds, which is vital in ensuring accurate quantification in pharmaceutical research.
13) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' indicates the systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the methods for estimating the drugs acebrophylline and doxofylline. It encompasses the development, validation, and application of analytical techniques that contribute to our understanding of these medications' efficacy and quality in therapeutic use.
14) Salt (Salty):
In pharmacology, 'Salt' refers to a compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Acebrophylline is described as a salt derived from theophylline-7-acetic acid and ambroxol. The formation of salts can influence a drug's solubility and bioavailability, impacting its therapeutic effectiveness.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A review on method development on estimation of acebrophylline and doxofylline’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Analytical method, High performance liquid chromatography, Dosage form, Molecular weight, Bronchodilator effect, Mucolytic Agent.