Medications use among pregnant women
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Medications use among pregnant women
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Maha Abdulameer Oudah and Alhan Hussien Abod
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Medications use among pregnant women
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20197-15100
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the increasing prevalence of medication use among pregnant women and the essential role healthcare providers play in identifying and addressing substance use disorders (SUD) during pregnancy. It emphasizes the need for universal screening for substance use as part of comprehensive obstetric care, and highlights the diversity of pregnant women who may be using medications, from those prescribed for medical purposes to those misusing substances. The implications of medication use on pregnancy outcomes and the importance of multidisciplinary support for affected women and their infants are also addressed.
Medication Use Disorder in Pregnancy
Medication use disorder (MUD) is defined as a chronic pattern of medication use characterized by tolerance, cravings, and continued use despite negative consequences. This disorder is treatable, with effective management involving the combination of medications and behavioral therapy. The article underscores that all healthcare providers must be aware of the reality of MUD when treating pregnant women, as early identification and treatment can greatly improve maternal and infant health outcomes. It is vital to differentiate between medical use of medications, misuse, and untreated disorders to provide appropriate care.
Screening and Early Intervention
The article emphasizes that early screening and brief intervention strategies, such as open conversations and feedback, are fundamental components of care for pregnant women with medication use and related disorders. Universal screening is critical, as it can capture cases that may be missed if based only on specific risk factors. Using validated screening tools helps healthcare providers engage in nonjudgmental discussions about substance use, enhancing the likelihood of disclosure from patients. The need for an ethical approach toward these patients is highlighted, particularly regarding legal implications that may arise from substance use.
Opioid Agonist Pharmacotherapy
Opioid agonist pharmacotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment for women with opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Treatment options such as methadone and buprenorphine have proven effective in managing addiction while minimizing risks to both mothers and infants. The rationale for using these pharmacotherapies lies in their ability to prevent withdrawal symptoms and thereby support adherence to prenatal care. However, healthcare providers must remain aware of the potential impacts on pregnancy outcomes, including the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), necessitating collaboration with pediatric care providers.
Conclusion
The article concludes by reinforcing the importance of a coordinated and multidisciplinary approach to managing pregnant women with substance use disorders, especially in light of the nuanced needs this population presents. Early screening, appropriate intervention, education, and a focus on continuity of care are crucial for improving outcomes for both mothers and their infants. Healthcare providers are urged to engage in thoughtful and respectful treatment practices, with a commitment to supporting these women without criminalizing their substance use, ultimately improving public health outcomes for families affected by substance use disorders.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is medications use disorder in pregnant women?
Medications use disorder is characterized by a pattern of medication use with tolerance, craving, and inability to control use, leading to adverse consequences, and is a chronic, treatable condition requiring a comprehensive approach.
How should healthcare providers approach screening for substance use?
Screening should be universal and conducted at the first prenatal visit, using validated tools, maintaining a caring approach, to ensure that all pregnant women are screened for substance use without stigma.
What are the risks of medications use during pregnancy?
While certain medications may have minimal risks for birth defects, ongoing misuse poses serious risks, including fetal growth restrictions, preterm labor, and withdrawal symptoms in the infant, necessitating close monitoring and care.
What treatment is recommended for pregnant women with opioid use disorder?
Opioid agonist pharmacotherapy, like methadone or buprenorphine, is recommended during pregnancy to prevent withdrawal symptoms and reduce relapse risks, combined with prenatal care and addiction counseling to improve maternal and infant outcomes.
How can healthcare providers ensure the well-being of infants born to mothers with substance use disorder?
Infants should be monitored for neonatal abstinence syndrome, and long-term multidisciplinary follow-up should include medical, developmental, and social support to address their needs effectively.
What role do obstetric care providers play for pregnant women with substance use disorder?
Obstetric care providers must identify and treat substance use disorders, advocate for their patients, discourage punitive actions for substance use, and work towards providing a supportive care environment.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Medications use among pregnant women”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Substance:
Substances are various chemical materials or compounds that can induce effects when consumed. The article discusses substances in terms of those commonly misused by pregnant women and the importance of understanding their specific risks and effects on pregnancy and the health of the developing fetus.
2) Pregnant:
Pregnant indicates a state of carrying developing offspring within the womb. In the article, it highlights special medical considerations required during pregnancy, especially concerning medications and substance use. Pregnant women require comprehensive care due to the dual responsibility for both their health and the health of their developing fetus.
3) Drug:
Drugs refer to substances taken for their physiological effects, often associated with both medicinal and recreational use. In the article, the term highlights the dichotomy between therapeutic drugs, which may be necessary during pregnancy, and those that can lead to misuse and adverse effects on both mother and child.
4) Pain:
Pain refers to the physical sensation of discomfort or suffering. In this context, it addresses the importance of managing pain during pregnancy. Healthcare providers must consider appropriate pain management strategies while also being cautious of prescribing medications that could lead to dependency or harm to the fetus.
5) Pharmacotherapy:
Pharmacotherapy involves treating medical conditions through the use of medications. The article discusses the significance of pharmacotherapy in managing opioid use disorder among pregnant women, which is essential to prevent withdrawal symptoms and support treatment adherence, ultimately leading to better outcomes for both mothers and infants.
6) Misuse:
Misuse refers to the incorrect or inappropriate use of substances, often leading to harmful consequences. In the article, it underscores the importance of distinguishing between appropriate medication use and misuse, particularly in pregnant women, as misuse can significantly impact maternal and fetal health outcomes and overall treatment efficacy.
7) Depression:
Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. The article notes that many pregnant women with substance use disorders also experience depression. This highlights the importance of integrated care approaches that address both mental health and substance use for better maternal and child outcomes.
8) Study (Studying):
Study refers to a systematic examination or research on a specific topic. Within the article, various studies are referenced regarding the effects of medications and substance use during pregnancy, highlighting the necessity for more evidence-based approaches in treating women with substance use disorders to ensure safer pregnancy outcomes.
9) Family:
Family encompasses the group of individuals related to a person, typically providing emotional, social, and practical support. In the context of the article, family dynamics may play a crucial role in the treatment process for pregnant women with substance use disorders, as familial support is fundamental to recovery and stability.
10) Reason:
Reason pertains to the cause or justification for an action or thought. The article emphasizes understanding the reasons behind substance use among pregnant women, including psychological, social, and economic factors, to develop targeted interventions that address underlying causes of misuse and enhance treatment success.
11) Birth:
Birth is the process of delivering a baby from a mother's womb. The article emphasizes the need to monitor and manage risks associated with birth, especially for infants exposed to substances during pregnancy, as these children may face immediate and long-term health challenges and require comprehensive care.
12) Epidemic:
Epidemic refers to an outbreak of disease or health-related issues that affects a large number of people at once. The article discusses the increasing rates of substance use disorders among the general population and highlights the need for effective healthcare responses to treat this public health crisis effectively.
13) Craving (Crave, Craved):
Cravings denote a strong desire for a substance, often seen in individuals dealing with substance use disorders. The article discusses how cravings can affect pregnant women with opioid use disorder, highlighting the necessity for tailored treatment plans that address these cravings to prevent relapse and support recovery.
14) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry or fear. The article stresses that many pregnant women struggling with substance use also experience anxiety, indicating the need for a comprehensive approach in treatment that addresses both substance use and underlying mental health conditions for better outcomes.
15) Death:
Death refers to the cessation of life or end of biological functions. In the context of the article, concerns about the potential for overdose and death related to substance misuse among pregnant women are critical. It underscores the life-threatening risks of untreated opioid use disorder for both mother and child.
16) Visit:
Visits refers to appointments with healthcare professionals. The article underscores the importance of regular visits for pregnant women, especially those with substance use disorders, to ensure they receive necessary interventions, screenings, and support for optimal health outcomes for themselves and their infants.
17) Toxicology:
Toxicology is the study of the effects of chemicals on living organisms. The article touches on the role of toxicology in monitoring substance use in pregnant women. Understanding toxicology helps healthcare providers interpret drug screening results to guide care and identify appropriate treatment strategies.
18) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used for treating illnesses or ailments. The article stresses the careful management of medicines among pregnant women, as some medications may pose risks to both the mother and the fetus, making it crucial to monitor and evaluate their use during pregnancy.
19) Nausea:
Nausea is the sensation of an urge to vomit. The article notes that pregnant women experiencing nausea may complicate pain management and medication compliance. Healthcare providers must carefully evaluate treatment options that alleviate nausea while ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications for both mother and baby.
20) Sign:
Sign refers to an indication or symptom that may suggest the presence of a condition. In the context of the article, recognizing signs of substance use disorder in pregnant women is critical for timely intervention, enabling healthcare providers to initiate appropriate screening and treatment strategies to support maternal and infant health.
21) Milk:
Milk in this context refers to breast milk, which is crucial for infant nutrition. The article discusses the safety considerations surrounding breastfeeding for women taking medications like methadone or buprenorphine. Understanding how substances transfer into breast milk is essential for managing breastfeeding recommendations and ensuring infant safety.
22) Pur:
Poor relates to inadequate conditions or insufficient quality. The article emphasizes the challenges faced by pregnant women with substance use disorders, many of whom may have poor access to healthcare, support systems, or nutritional resources, complicating their treatment and recovery efforts and necessitating comprehensive support strategies.
23) Mental disorder:
Mental disorder is an individual condition that adversely affects mental functioning. The article highlights the prevalence of mental disorders among pregnant women with substance use disorders, underlining the importance of comprehensive treatment that includes psychological support for improved health outcomes for mothers and their infants.
24) Mental health:
Mental health refers to emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The article underscores the importance of mental health in pregnant women with substance use disorders, advocating for integrated care approaches that address both physical and psychological needs to ensure optimal health outcomes for mothers and their children.
25) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on the body. In the article, pharmacology is crucial for understanding the proper management and effects of various medications used during pregnancy, allowing healthcare providers to implement evidence-based treatment plans for substance use disorders.
26) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process of spreading or transferring something. The article addresses the transmission of diseases related to substance use, highlighting risks such as HIV and hepatitis C among pregnant women. Understanding transmission dynamics is vital for developing preventive measures and comprehensive care strategies.
27) Arrangement:
Arrangement refers to an agreement or preparation made for a specific purpose. In the context of the article, it highlights the importance of planning and coordinating care for pregnant women with substance use disorders to ensure they have access to the necessary resources and supportive services throughout their treatment.
28) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulated refers to the gradual collection or gathering of something over time. The article notes the need for accumulated knowledge and research regarding the treatment of pregnant women with substance use disorders, indicating that evidence-based approaches must build upon previous studies to refine effective treatment strategies.
29) Discussion:
Discussion involves talking or writing about a particular topic. The article emphasizes the need for open discussions between healthcare providers and pregnant women regarding substance use, treatment options, and risks, fostering a supportive environment that encourages transparency and informed decision-making for better healthcare outcomes.
30) Developing:
Developing pertains to the progress or growth of something over time. In the article, developing refers to the ongoing processes surrounding maternal mental health and substance use disorders, highlighting how addressing these issues in pregnant women can lead to better outcomes for both mothers and their infants.
31) Education:
Education refers to the process of imparting knowledge or skills. The article highlights the importance of educating pregnant women about the risks associated with substance use and the benefits of treatment, empowering them to make informed choices and engage more actively in their care.
32) Swallowed:
Swallowed indicates the action of taking a substance into the body through the mouth. The article discusses the methods by which substances can be ingested, emphasizing that understanding the routes of administration can influence effects and risks during treatment, particularly for pregnant women.
33) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is the body's process of releasing moisture through the skin. In the context of substance withdrawal, the article notes that sweating may accompany the symptoms experienced by pregnant women with substance use disorders. Recognizing these symptoms is vital for diagnosing and managing care effectively.
34) Euphoria:
Euphoria refers to an intense feeling of happiness or well-being. The article mentions euphoria in relation to substance use, as many individuals may misuse drugs or medications for this sensation. Understanding the allure of euphoria is essential for addressing substance use disorders in pregnant women.
35) Tearing:
Tearing relates to the production of tears, often associated with emotions. In the context of substance withdrawal, the article describes tearing as a potential symptom that pregnant women may experience. Being aware of such symptoms is essential for providing compassionate and effective care during treatment.
36) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition that negatively affects bodily function. The article emphasizes that substance use disorders are chronic diseases that require effective management and treatment, particularly among pregnant women, to prevent adverse outcomes for both mothers and their babies.
37) Desire:
Desire indicates a strong feeling of wanting or wishing for something. In relation to substance use, the article addresses how desires can lead to cravings for drugs among pregnant women. Understanding these desires is critical in developing treatment strategies that help manage cravings effectively.
38) Field:
Field refers to a specific domain of study or profession. The article discusses the field of obstetric care and addiction medicine, highlighting the need for collaboration among healthcare providers in these areas to address the unique challenges posed by substance use during pregnancy.
39) Labour (Labor):
Labor refers to the process of childbirth. The article mentions labor in the context of how substance use can complicate pregnancy and delivery. Effective management of substance use disorders during pregnancy is paramount to promote safe labor and delivery outcomes for both mother and child.
40) Blood:
Blood refers to the vital fluid that circulates in the body, delivering essential nutrients and oxygen. The article notes the importance of monitoring blood parameters in pregnant women who use substances, as they may be at increased risk for complications affecting their health and their baby's development.
41) Maha (Maha°):
Maha refers to one of the authors of the article emphasizing the study's findings and recommendations related to substance use among pregnant women. Their input helps shape informed strategies for managing substance use disorders in pregnancy, showcasing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in this field.
42) Food:
Food encompasses substances consumed for nourishment. The article notes that many pregnant women with substance use disorders may face poor nutrition, impacting both their health and that of their infants. Addressing nutritional needs is vital in offering comprehensive treatment and support to these women.
43) Viru:
Viru likely refers to virus, especially in the context of disease transmission as discussed in the article. The document highlights the risk of viral infections, such as hepatitis C, among pregnant women who misuse substances, underlining the importance of preventative measures and screenings for enhanced health outcomes.
44) Life:
Life encompasses the state of being alive and implies vitality and health. The article addresses how substance use disorders threaten not only the lives of pregnant women but also the wellbeing and future of the children they carry, stressing the need for effective treatment strategies to protect both mother and child.