Antidepressant effects of phytosterol from Holoptelea integrifolia.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antidepressant effects of phytosterol from Holoptelea integrifolia.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the biological effect or therapeutic potential demonstrated by the isolated phytosterol (HIIP) in terms of its antidepressant capabilities. Evaluating the activity helps determine its efficacy compared to standard treatments, thus contributing valuable insights into psychopharmacology.

2) Animal:
'Animals' denotes the living creatures used in research to study physiological processes, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology of drugs before they can be deemed safe for human use. The study relied on these subjects for their ability to mimic biological responses relevant to human health.

3) Drug:
'Drugs' in this context refer to any chemical agents administered for medicinal purposes, including both experimental compounds like HIIP and standard treatments such as fluoxetine. The term encompasses the broad spectrum of pharmacological agents explored for their effectiveness in treating various conditions.

4) Depression:
'Depression' is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Understanding how the isolated phytosterol affects depression, notably through established models like the Tail Suspension Test (TST), provides insights into potential therapeutic applications for mood disorders.

5) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' refers to the adverse effects that a substance may have on living organisms. In this study, acute toxicity evaluations were performed to ascertain the safety profile of the isolated phytosterol, ensuring that doses tested do not result in harmful effects in animal models.

6) India:
'India' contextualizes the geographical and cultural setting of the study, highlighting the local flora used for research purposes. The mention of India emphasizes the indigenous knowledge related to the medicinal properties of plants, which is pivotal for drug discovery and ethnopharmacology.

7) Water:
'Water' serves as a fundamental medium in pharmacological studies, specifically as a solvent for preparing test samples like HIIP. The use of distilled water as a suspending agent ensures the purity of the solution, which is crucial for accurate dosing and effective delivery of the compounds.

8) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data, often summarizing results for clarity. In the context of the study, the table displays findings such as the duration of immobility in the Tail Suspension Test (TST), facilitating easier understanding and analysis of the experimental outcomes.

9) Study (Studying):
'Study' encompasses the entire research investigation aimed at assessing the antidepressant activity of the isolated phytosterol. It reflects the methodological approach taken to explore the therapeutic potential, validate the hypotheses, and derive conclusions from the experimental data collected during the research.

10) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' refers to biologically active compounds derived from plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The identification of phytochemicals like flavonoids and sterols in Holoptelea integrifolia emphasizes the potential therapeutic benefits and highlights the richness of plant-based resources in developing new drugs.

11) Observation:
'Observation' signifies the process of monitoring and documenting the behavioral responses of mice during experimental protocols, crucial for drawing conclusions about drug effects. Careful observations in the TST help determine the efficacy of HIIP, aiding in the assessment of its antidepressant potential.

12) Annamalai:
'Annamalai' references Annamalai University, the institution affiliated with the research, highlighting its role in conducting the study. It situates the research within an academic context known for fostering pharmaceutical and biological research pertinent to drug discovery and development.

13) Substance:
'Substances' refers to various chemical compounds being evaluated in the study, such as the isolated HIIP and the standard drug fluoxetine. This term encompasses the therapeutic agents under investigation, highlighting their role in influencing biological responses related to mood disorders.

14) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and mechanisms of drugs. The study's focus on the pharmacological evaluation of HIIP emphasizes the importance of understanding how isolated compounds interact with biological systems to exert therapeutic effects.

15) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the scientific discipline that studies drugs and their interactions with biological systems. This research fits into pharmacology by exploring the experimental antidepressant activity of HIIP, an isolated compound derived from plant material, thus contributing to the field's knowledge base.

16) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
'Maharashtra' is the Indian state where the research conducted was situated. It highlights the local context of the study, showcasing the geographical diversity of medicinal plants and their potential uses in traditional medicine, enabling better exploration and understanding of indigenous resources.

17) Ahmednagar:
'Ahmednagar' is the specific district within Maharashtra where the research institution is located. Mentioning this locality helps contextualize the research setting, emphasizing the regional contributions to pharmaceutical research and the significance of local flora in the search for antidepressant compounds.

18) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' underscores the systematic and empirical approach that characterizes the study of pharmacology and drug development. Emphasizing the importance of rigorous methodologies provides credibility and validity to the findings, ensuring they are based on observable and reproducible evidence for potential clinical implications.

19) Samjivani (Sanjivani):
'Sanjivani' pertains to the Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, the institution responsible for conducting the research. Naming the institution highlights its commitment to pharmaceutical education and research, emphasizing the relevance of academia in advancing drug discovery initiatives.

20) Education:
'Education' pertains to the formal instruction and training underlying pharmaceutical studies and research methodologies. It signifies the role of educational institutions like Sanjivani in preparing future professionals in the scientific field, thereby impacting drug research and innovative therapeutic solutions.

21) Flavonoid:
'Flavonoid' refers to a class of polyphenolic compounds found in plants with numerous biological activities, including antioxidant and potential antidepressant properties. The study's phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids in Holoptelea integrifolia, suggesting its medicinal potential in treating mood disorders.

22) Medicine:
'Medicine' represents the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, emphasizing the application of scientific principles in healthcare. This study contributes to medicinal knowledge by exploring the pharmacological properties of plant-derived compounds and their therapeutic implications for conditions like depression.

23) House:
'House' in this context typically refers to institutional facilities for animal research, such as the Central Animal House mentioned in the study. These facilities provide necessary conditions for the housing and care of experimental animals, thereby ensuring ethical research practices and enhancing the quality of results.

24) Food:
'Food' signifies the nutritional components provided to the experimental animals, allowing them to maintain health during research. Adequate nourishment is a vital component in animal studies, impacting behavior and physiological responses, and ensuring the validity of experimental outcomes relating to drug evaluations.

25) Post:
'Post' refers to a term used in addressing a location or position, here indicating the location of the institution based in Shinganapur post, further specifying the geographical context of the research. This detail enhances localization and credibility to the academic foundation supporting the study.

26) Performance:
'Performance' relates to how well the antidepressant activity is exhibited by the isolated HIIP during experimentation. Evaluating performance based on standardized tests, such as the TST, allows for an objective assessment of the isolation's efficacy compared to established antidepressants.

27) Discussion:
'Discussion' encompasses the section of the research where findings are analyzed and interpreted in relation to existing literature. It provides essential insights into the implications of results obtained, linking the study's outcomes to broader scientific understanding and potential clinical applications.

28) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
'Tamilnadu' similarly refers to the southern Indian state, emphasizing its importance in the context of the conducted research. Mentioning the state reinforces the connection between local flora and pharmacological properties, thereby framing the relevance of regional plant-based research in medicine.

29) Relative:
'Relative' indicates the relationship or comparison between various experimental groups or treatments in the study. By establishing relative differences in behavioral responses during tests, researchers can better evaluate the antidepressant effect of HIIP compared to control or standard drugs.

30) Hygiene (Hygienic):
'Hygienic' underscores the importance of maintaining cleanliness in the animal care environment, essential for ensuring valid experimental outcomes. A hygienic setting reduces variables that could adversely affect animal health and behavior, promoting accurate interpretation of results from pharmacological evaluations.

31) Bitter:
'Bitter' is an attribute associated with the taste of certain phytochemicals found in plants. In the context of Holoptelea integrifolia's medicinal properties, understanding the sense properties of its components could provide leads on how traditional perceptions align with scientific pharmacological actions.

32) Glass:
'Glass' usually refers to laboratory equipment made from this material (like beakers or petri dishes) used in experiments. High-quality glassware ensures that research substances are not contaminated and are maintained accurately, thus upholding the integrity of experimental procedures throughout the study.

33) Tamil:
'Tamil' pertains to the linguistic and cultural heritage of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Recognizing the cultural significance and traditional uses of local plant species enriches the understanding of the medicinal applications investigated in the research, reflecting a deep-rooted link to traditional knowledge.

34) Acrid:
'Acrid' describes a sharp or biting taste and is associated with certain phytochemicals. The acrid nature of some plant extracts enhances understanding of their therapeutic properties, showcasing the diverse sensory attributes of bioactive compounds often studied for medicinal value.

35) Nakar:
'Nagar' typically denotes a town or urban area in several Indian languages. In the context of this study, it signifies the location of the research institution, contextualizing the research within local cultural and geographical landscapes in which the medicinal plants are studied.

36) Nadu:
'Nadu' translates to 'land' in Tamil and is often used to denote regions in Tamil Nadu. This word geographically anchors the research within a specific locale, emphasizing the integration of local biodiversity in understanding the pharmacological significance of indigenous plants.

37) Tree:
'Tree' highlights the source organism of the studied leaves in this research, specifically Holoptelea integrifolia. The mention of the tree emphasizes the importance of plant-based investigations in discovering novel therapeutic agents and leveraging the rich floral diversity for pharmaceutical research.

38) Diet:
'Diet' signifies the food and nutritional intake provided to the animal subjects, which plays a crucial role in maintaining their health throughout the study. A balanced diet ensures the metabolic integrity of the experimental model, thus influencing the validity of the outcomes measured during pharmacological tests.

39) Line:
'Line' refers to continuity in research or methodology used in studies. In the context of this research, it suggests that following established procedures and protocols is vital in ensuring consistent and valid results, paving the way for reliable conclusions about the efficacy of the compounds evaluated.