A pharmacological review on murraya koenigii
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A pharmacological review on murraya koenigii
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Khedkar Bhagyashree Balasaheb, Dr. Rao Priya S. and Dr. Siddheshwar S. S.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A pharmacological review on murraya koenigii
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15415
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Murraya koenigii, commonly known as the curry leaf tree, is a tropical and sub-tropical plant native to India and Sri Lanka, belonging to the Rutaceae family. It is recognized not only for its culinary significance in Indian cuisine but also for its medicinal properties. Traditionally utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, Murraya koenigii is noted for its rich composition of bioactive compounds, particularly carbazole alkaloids found in its leaves, roots, fruits, and bark, which contribute to various pharmacological activities. This review highlights the plant's diverse uses, active constituents, and its role in both traditional medicine and modern therapeutic applications.
Pharmacological Properties and Uses
Murraya koenigii exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, prominently including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Various studies have demonstrated that different parts of the plant, such as its leaves and bark, are effective in treating conditions like diabetes and inflammatory ailments due to the presence of bioactive compounds like flavonoids and carbazole alkaloids. The leaves and roots are commonly employed in traditional remedies for dysentery, diarrhea, and skin eruptions. As such, Murraya koenigii serves as both a culinary herb and a functional ingredient in herbal medicine.
Chemical Composition and Analysis
The chemical constituents of Murraya koenigii are diverse and include amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and specific alkaloids such as murrayacine and girinimbine. The leaves are rich in nutrients, providing essential vitamins such as Vitamin C, A, and various minerals. The bark is particularly noted for its high content of carbazole alkaloids, which significantly contribute to the plant's medicinal efficacy. Investigations into the composition and extraction methods of these active components reveal valuable insights for their potential integration into pharmaceutical formulations.
Medicinal Applications
Murraya koenigii is utilized in managing various health issues due to its multifunctional properties. It is notably effective as an antidote for snake bites, a carminative for digestive complaints, and a treatment for skin conditions. Furthermore, the plant has shown promising results in addressing metabolic disorders and as a remedy for inflammation through its antioxidant mechanisms. This wide array of applications underscores the importance of Murraya koenigii in both traditional and modern medical practices.
Conclusion
In summary, Murraya koenigii is an invaluable plant species with notable culinary and medicinal applications rooted in traditional practices. Its rich pharmacological profile, driven by various bioactive compounds, holds significant potential for therapeutic use in contemporary medicine. Continued research into the plant's chemical composition and pharmacological effects could lead to innovative applications in health care, promoting the integration of traditional herbal medicine into modern therapeutic strategies. As reliance on plant-based remedies persists, Murraya koenigii exemplifies the intersection of nature and pharmacology, warranting further exploration and understanding.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the native habitat of Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii is a tropical to sub-tropical tree native to India and Sri Lanka, belonging to the Rutaceae family.
What are the key chemical constituents of Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii contains carbazole alkaloids, amino acids, vitamins, proteins, and minerals, providing various medicinal properties.
What pharmacological activities are associated with Murraya koenigii?
Murraya koenigii exhibits anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidative, and anticancer activities.
How is Murraya koenigii used in traditional medicine?
It is used for treating dysentery, diabetes, inflammation, and as an antidote for snake bites in traditional medicine.
What parts of the Murraya koenigii plant are used medicinally?
Leaves, bark, roots, and seeds of Murraya koenigii are utilized for their various therapeutic properties.
What is the significance of Murraya koenigii in Indian cuisine?
Murraya koenigii leaves, commonly known as curry leaves, are essential in Indian cuisine for flavoring and promoting digestion.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A pharmacological review on murraya koenigii”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects that a compound or extract from the Murraya koenigii plant has on different physiological processes. Various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic actions demonstrate the potential therapeutic uses of this plant in treating various health conditions.
2) Medicine:
Medicines encompass both traditional and modern formulations used for health care. The use of Murraya koenigii as a medicinal herb showcases the integration of traditional knowledge with modern pharmacology. Its various parts are utilized in herbal mixtures aimed at treating ailments prevalent in communities relying on herbal medicines.
3) Tree:
Tree indicates a woody perennial plant of considerable height and size, which Murraya koenigii exemplifies as it grows into a small to medium-sized tree. The significance lies in its dual role as a culinary herb and as a source of various medicinal compounds, combining ecological and agricultural benefits.
4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. The pharmacological profile of Murraya koenigii highlights its active components and their interactions within the human body, providing insights into its therapeutic potential and safety in treating conditions like inflammation and diabetes.
5) Family:
Family, in botanical classification, refers to a group of related plants sharing certain characteristics. Murraya koenigii belongs to the Rutaceae family, which encompasses several other aromatic and medicinal plants. Understanding family classification helps in recognizing the properties and uses that may be shared among related species.
6) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the ability to combat or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Murraya koenigii has demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains, highlighting its potential in treating infections. This property positions it as a valuable alternative or supplement to conventional antibiotics in herbal medicine.
7) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to harmful stimuli, and it is a key factor in many diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of Murraya koenigii underscore its relevance in traditional medicine, as it can help alleviate conditions characterized by inflammation and thereby improve overall health and comfort.
8) Animal:
Animals indicate the living organisms that may also benefit from herbal treatments like Murraya koenigii. The use of this plant for animal ailments emphasizes the broader applications of botanical medicines and the significance of using indigenous knowledge for animal health management.
9) Indian:
Indian denotes the geographical and cultural context where Murraya koenigii is primarily utilized. As a plant native to India, it plays a significant role in traditional Indian cuisine and Ayurvedic medicine, reflecting the rich herbal biodiversity and the importance of indigenous knowledge in health practices.
10) India:
India signifies the country of origin for Murraya koenigii, where it is extensively used for culinary and medicinal purposes. The cultural heritage surrounding this plant showcases the intricate connections between local flora, cuisine, and traditional healthcare practices, emphasizing its role within Indian biodiversity.
11) Pain:
Pain is a significant symptom addressed in medical treatments. Murraya koenigii is recognized for its analgesic properties which are essential in managing different types of pain. Its use in traditional medicines highlights the cultural approaches to pain management utilizing herbal remedies for symptom relief.
12) Ahmednagar:
Ahmednagar refers to a region in India where Murraya koenigii is studied and applied in local traditional medicine. This local context highlights the practical usage of the plant, showcasing its integration into the community’s healthcare practices and its potential role in regional herbal pharmacopoeia.
13) Leucoderma:
Leucoderma, or vitiligo, is a skin disorder characterized by patches of skin losing pigment. Murraya koenigii's traditional uses, including treatment for skin conditions like leucoderma, emphasize the plant's importance in dermatological herbal remedies and its significance in local healing practices.
14) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom treated using various herbal remedies. Murraya koenigii has been traditionally used to alleviate vomiting, showcasing its antinauseant properties. This application highlights the plant's versatility and its role in managing gastrointestinal ailments within herbal medicine.
15) Mineral:
Mineral pertains to the inorganic nutrients necessary for various bodily functions. Murraya koenigii's content of vital minerals emphasizes its additional nutritional value. This aspect highlights how traditional medicines can contribute not only therapeutically but also nutritionally, improving overall wellness.
16) Pravara:
Pravara refers to a specific region in India linked to the research and academic exploration of Murraya koenigii. The context indicates the institutional and community engagement in studying local plants, promoting awareness and utilization of indigenous species for medicinal and culinary applications.
17) Itching:
Itching is a common condition that Murraya koenigii is traditionally used to treat, indicating its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. Addressing itching through herbal means demonstrates the plant's application within traditional remedies, combined with its relevance in managing skin irritations.
18) Bitter:
Bitter is one of the primary tastes and is often associated with therapeutic properties in herbal medicine. Murraya koenigii's bitterness is attributed to certain compounds, indicating its role in digestion. This characteristic links to its traditional uses as a digestive aid in various culinary practices.
19) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka (Sri Lanka) indicates the geographic distribution of Murraya koenigii beyond India. This plant's presence in Sri Lanka highlights its significance in regional cuisines and traditional medicine, showcasing the shared indigenous practices and values surrounding this herb across neighboring countries.
20) Sugar:
Sugar refers to simple carbohydrates that provide energy. Murraya koenigii has been indicated to contain sugars in its fruit pulp, enhancing its nutritional profile. The role of sugars in traditional diets illustrates the plant’s importance not only medicinally but also as a nutritious food source.
21) Blood:
Blood is vital for life, and its disorders are treated with various medicinal plants. Murraya koenigii is noted for its potential benefits in blood disorders, showcasing the importance of traditional medicine in managing health conditions related to circulatory system health and homeostasis.
22) Drug:
Drug generally refers to a substance used for medical treatment. Murraya koenigii’s properties enable it to contribute to drug development and herbal formulations, showcasing how traditional plants can be integral in both pharmacological research and therapeutic applications in modern medicine.
23) Katu:
Katu is a term used in traditional medicine to describe a bitter taste and characteristics associated with certain treatments. Murraya koenigii's classification notes its katu properties, revealing how taste influences the understanding and application of herbs in traditional healing.
24) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is a term of respect often used in India, indicating the cultural significance of the subject. When associated with Murraya koenigii, it reflects the reverence for the plant, enhancing its status within both culinary and medicinal contexts in traditional Indian society.
25) Food:
Food encompasses substances consumed for nourishment. Murraya koenigii is widely recognized as a food ingredient in Indian cuisine, where it enhances dishes and contributes to dietary practices. Its utilization in food highlights the dual role of herbs as both sustenance and medicine.
26) Ripe:
Ripe refers to fruits that have reached their peak maturity, maximizing their nutritional and medicinal values. The focus on ripe fruits of Murraya koenigii demonstrates the importance of harvesting at the right time to ensure optimal benefits, particularly in traditional culinary practices.
27) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite, particularly significant in rural areas, poses substantial health risks. The use of Murraya koenigii as a remedy highlights its importance in first aid practices and emergency response within local communities, where access to conventional medicine may be limited.
28) Developing:
Developing refers to nations with emerging economies, where traditional medicine practices are often pivotal. Murraya koenigii’s role in developing countries underscores the reliance on indigenous resources for healthcare and the integration of traditional knowledge in managing health challenges.
29) Science (Scientific):
Scientific relates to rigorous investigation and understanding of phenomena. The pharmacological research on Murraya koenigii reflects a scientific approach to validate traditional claims, bridging the gap between folk medicine and evidence-based practices, promoting informed usage and acceptance in modern healthcare.
30) Disease:
Disease is a condition characterized by abnormal functioning of the body. Murraya koenigii is associated with the treatment of various diseases, emphasizing the importance of herbal medicine in addressing health challenges and the role of traditional herbs in community healthcare systems.
31) Madhura:
Madhura, meaning sweet in traditional terms, relates to the taste profile of Murraya koenigii’s components. Understanding the saporific attributes of medicinal plants helps tailor their application in therapies and culinary contexts, ensuring their effectiveness based on traditional practices.
32) Cutting:
Cutting refers to a propagation method for plants. Murraya koenigii can be propagated using stem cuttings, which is an accessible and efficient method for cultivation, ensuring the continued availability of this valuable medicinal plant within gardens and fields.
33) Species:
Species represents a group of organisms that interbreed. Murraya koenigii is a specific species within the Murraya genus, and its classification plays a crucial role in understanding its unique characteristics and applications in both phytomedicine and culinary traditions.
34) Thirst:
Thirst is a natural sensation that indicates the need for hydration. Murraya koenigii is traditionally utilized for its cooling properties to alleviate thirst, underscoring the plant’s role in addressing physical needs alongside its medicinal uses in promoting hydration and comfort.
35) Tikta:
Tikta is a term related to bitter tastes in Ayurveda. Murraya koenigii's bitter properties contribute to its therapeutic uses, emphasizing the balance of tastes in plant-based applications and the significance of flavor in designing herbal remedies within traditional medicine.
36) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna refers to a term in Ayurveda denoting heat. Murraya koenigii's classification as Ushna indicates its warming properties, which are relevant in managing conditions related to cold or dampness, showcasing how traditional systems categorize plants based on their thermal characteristics.
37) Priya:
Priya means beloved or dear in Sanskrit, reflecting the cultural reverence associated with Murraya koenigii in traditional practices. This sentiment underscores the plant's value, suggesting its esteemed position in local customs regarding health, cuisine, and spirituality.
38) Virya:
Virya refers to the potency or energizing quality of substances in Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding the Virya of Murraya koenigii highlights its pharmacological activities and implications for therapeutic applications, guiding the use of this plant in promoting health and vitality.
39) Ulcer:
Ulcer signifies sores or lesions that can cause significant health issues. Murraya koenigii's reported effectiveness against ulcers highlights its therapeutic properties, illustrating how traditional plants are employed in managing common ailments and supporting overall health recovery.
40) Fever:
Fever is a common physiological response to infection. Murraya koenigii is traditionally used in managing fever through its therapeutic properties, showcasing the plant's utility in herbal medicine systems, providing potential natural alternatives to synthetic antipyretics.
41) Acrid:
Acrid refers to a strong, sharp taste or smell, often related to certain medicinal properties. Murraya koenigii's acrid qualities may contribute to its therapeutic applications, influencing its use in formulations and emphasizing the importance of taste in herbal medicine.
42) Genu:
Genu likely refers to kinship or lineage, emphasizing the importance of heritage in the traditional use of plants. In context, it could indicate the cultural heritage surrounding Murraya koenigii’s application and the passing down of knowledge through generations.
43) Guru:
Guru signifies an esteemed teacher or mentor. Within the context of Murraya koenigii, it may reflect the learned traditional practices surrounding its use, emphasizing the importance of knowledge transfer in employing herbal remedies effectively and safely across generations.
44) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa means taste in Sanskrit, crucial in Ayurvedic classification of herbs. The identification of Murraya koenigii’s Rasa helps determine its therapeutic applications based on taste and its corresponding effects, highlighting the traditional practices that integrate sensory qualities in herbal medicine.
45) Guna:
Guna means qualities or attributes in Ayurvedic medicine. Understanding Murraya koenigii’s Guna provides insights into its therapeutic properties, assisting practitioners in appropriate application and maximizing benefits based on the plant's characteristics and how they relate to human health.
46) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn indicates damage to the skin caused by heat. Murraya koenigii has properties that may alleviate symptoms associated with burns, demonstrating its role in traditional wound healing practices and the significance of utilizing local flora for topical treatments against injuries.
47) Oil:
Oils refer to lipid-based substances that can have numerous applications in health and wellness. Murraya koenigii’s components may include essential oils that contribute to its aromatic and therapeutic qualities, highlighting the diverse uses of plant-derived oils in both culinary and medicinal fields.