Pharmacological study of shigru: cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacological study of shigru with respect to its hridya, shothhar, krimihar karma with special reference to its cardioprotective, antiinflamatory and antimicrobial actions
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Monica Salaria and Aditya


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Pharmacological study of shigru with respect to its hridya, shothhar, krimihar karma with special reference to its cardioprotective, antiinflamatory and antimicrobial actions

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15408


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Moringa Oleifera, commonly known as Shigru in India, is recognized for its impressive nutritional profile and health benefits. This plant belongs to the Moringaceae family and is known by various vernacular names across different regions, such as Horse Radish Tree and Drumstick Plant. Traditionally, Moringa is valued not only for its edible parts but also for its medicinal properties. It includes beneficial active ingredients like carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, making it a significant component of traditional medicine. This review synthesizes the phytochemical composition and therapeutic activities of Moringa Oleifera, focusing particularly on its cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

Cardioprotective Properties of Moringa Oleifera

Moringa Oleifera exhibits significant cardioprotective properties primarily due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid. The seed oil is categorized as a high-oleic oil, similar to olive oil, and has been associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Research indicates that oral administration of Moringa seed powder can improve cardiac function in hypertensive rats by decreasing heart rate and left ventricular wall thickness. Additionally, it has been shown to reduce fibrosis in cardiac tissues without affecting blood pressure. These findings suggest that the consumption of Moringa and its extracts could be beneficial for heart health.

Anti-Inflammatory Actions

Moringa Oleifera also demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have indicated that the plant can alleviate symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma. The ethanolic extract of Moringa seeds has been found to decrease paw edema in animal models, lower serum levels of inflammatory mediators, and protect against immune-mediated tissue damage. This anti-inflammatory action is primarily attributed to its rich phytochemical content, which modulates various inflammatory pathways, thus providing therapeutic benefits for conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.

Antimicrobial Effects

The antimicrobial properties of Moringa Oleifera are another remarkable aspect of this plant. Research has confirmed its effectiveness against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. The phytochemicals isolated from Moringa, such as isothiocyanates and flavonoids, have shown the potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms responsible for human infections. Studies support its use as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent, which can be leveraged for both preventative and therapeutic purposes in treating infectious diseases.

Conclusion

In summary, Moringa Oleifera represents a valuable natural resource with extensive medicinal properties. Its cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions offer promising avenues for research and application in healthcare. Given its rich nutrient profile and versatility in treating various ailments, further studies are warranted to explore Moringa’s full potential. The integration of Moringa into dietary and therapeutic regimens could contribute significantly to health and wellness, emphasizing the importance of traditional plants in modern medicine.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Moringa Oleifera commonly known as in India?

Moringa Oleifera is commonly known as Shigru in India, and is also referred to as the Horse Radish tree and Drumstick Plant.

What are the primary health benefits of Moringa Oleifera?

Moringa Oleifera is known for its cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions, as well as its nutritional benefits.

What parts of the Moringa tree are used medicinally?

The leaves, bark, and seeds of the Moringa tree are utilized for their medicinal properties, including skin inflammation reduction and nasya treatments.

What are the main active ingredients in Moringa seeds?

Moringa seeds contain oleic acid, ascorbic acid, proteins, and other beneficial fatty acids, which contribute to its health benefits.

How does Moringa Oleifera affect diabetes management?

Studies suggest that Moringa Oleifera seeds may help lower glucose levels and improve pancreatic function in diabetic conditions.

What traditional uses does Moringa Oleifera have in Ayurveda?

In Ayurveda, Moringa Oleifera is used to treat various conditions, including shotha (edema), vataroga (gout), and as an antimicrobial agent.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacological study of shigru: cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) India:
India is the native habitat of Moringa oleifera, commonly known as Shigru. The plant thrives in various Indian climates, contributing to local diets and traditional medicine. Its historical relevance includes being recognized in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties, making it integral to Indian healthcare and culture.

2) Tree:
Moringa oleifera is a tree with significant nutritional and medicinal properties. Its classification as a tree highlights its ecological role and underscores the need for sustainable cultivation practices to harness its benefits while preserving environmental integrity.

3) Activity:
In the context of Moringa, activity often refers to its biological and pharmacological effects. These include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Understanding the plant's activities helps in research, leading to potential applications in medicine and health supplements.

4) Powder:
Moringa leaves and seeds can be processed into a powder form, enhancing their usability in various remedies and dietary applications. This powdered form retains many nutrients and bioactive compounds, making it an effective supplement for enhancing health and mitigating various diseases.

5) Species:
Moringa oleifera is the most cultivated species in the Moringaceae family. Its adaptability and beneficial properties distinguish it from other species. Understanding its unique characteristics is crucial for cultivation, medicinal use, and research in phytotherapy across various regions.

6) Shigru (Sigru):
Shigru, the Sanskrit name for Moringa oleifera, signifies its traditional importance in Ayurveda, where it is valued for its healing properties. This term encompasses the tree's role in enhancing health and treating ailments, thus fostering awareness of its therapeutic applications.

7) Family:
Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family, which includes diverse species known for their beneficial properties. Understanding the botanical family helps in recognizing the broader characteristics of related plants and their potential uses in medicine and nutrition.

8) Food:
Moringa oleifera is often referred to as a superfood, providing essential nutrients and medicinal benefits. Its leaves, seeds, and pods are incorporated into various dishes, contributing to nutritional enhancement and supporting dietary practices focused on health improvement.

9) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma refers to a prominent author and researcher in Ayurveda, contributing knowledge about Moringa and its applications. The works authored by Sharma provide valuable insights into traditional medicine, including the significance of Moringa in Ayurvedic healing practices.

10) Drug:
In herbal medicine, Moringa is increasingly recognized as a natural drug due to its potent therapeutic properties. Each part of the plant is analyzed for its active compounds, contributing to its classification in pharmacological studies and potential development for modern medicinal applications.

11) Guna:
In Ayurvedic medicine, 'Guna' refers to the inherent qualities of substances, including plants like Moringa. Understanding these attributes aids practitioners in determining the appropriate uses and benefits of Moringa for various health conditions, ensuring individualized treatment strategies.

12) Pharmacological:
The pharmacological relevance of Moringa oleifera is highlighted through its bioactive compounds. Research identifies its action against diseases, including cardiovascular and inflammatory conditions, creating a foundation for developing natural therapies and enhancing botanical medicine's role.

13) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravya-guna in Ayurveda pertains to the properties and effects of herbal substances. Examining Moringa's dravya-guna helps in understanding its therapeutic potentials and guiding proper usage in treatments for enhancing health and addressing specific ailments.

14) Disease:
The focus on Moringa's abilities to address specific diseases emphasizes its role in contemporary health discussions. Scientific studies on its disease-modifying effects highlight its relevance in developing natural treatments and preventative health strategies.

15) Dravya:
In Ayurveda, 'Dravya' signifies a medicinal substance. Moringa oleifera, categorized as dravya, is studied for its extensive therapeutic properties, serving as an essential element in traditional healing practices and modern phytotherapy.

16) Ayus (Ayush):
The AYUSH system in India focuses on traditional medicine, including Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. Moringa oleifera plays a vital role in this holistic approach, enhancing public health through natural remedies and nutritional supplementation.

17) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals in Moringa include antioxidants, flavonoids, and bioactive compounds that contribute to its health benefits. Studying these phytochemicals enhances understanding of their role in disease prevention and health promotion, underpinning Moringa's therapeutic use.

18) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit, the ancient language of India, is significant in Ayurveda, where many traditional medicinal plants, including Moringa, are referenced. Understanding these terms enriches the comprehension of the plant's historical and cultural contexts in healing practices.

19) Quality:
The quality of Moringa as a medicinal plant is determined by its phytochemical composition and health benefits. High-quality Moringa is essential for optimal therapeutic effects, making it vital for both cultivation and preparation in medicines.

20) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya, meaning 'related to the heart' in Sanskrit, signifies Moringa's potential cardioprotective properties. This term exemplifies its traditional use in promoting heart health, aligning with modern studies validating these benefits through various pharmacological actions.

21) Kriya:
Kriya in Ayurveda refers to the actions or therapeutic processes that a substance can effectuate. Moringa's kriya encompasses its multifaceted uses in treating ailments, highlighting its importance in Ayurvedic healing modalities.

22) Karma (Karman):
Karma signifies actions or effects in Ayurvedic philosophy, referencing the therapeutic actions of herbs. Understanding Moringa's karma is essential for practitioners to utilize its properties effectively within treatments for various health conditions.

23) Gupta:
Gupta likely refers to an influential researcher who contributes to the understanding of Moringa's health benefits. Insights from their research reinforce the plant's significance in phytotherapy and guide its application in traditional medicine contexts.

24) Radha:
Radha may refer to a researcher or author associated with studies on Moringa or Ayurvedic medicine. Their work can provide valuable insights into the plant's health benefits and traditional applications, advancing the understanding of herbal treatments.

25) Horse:
The term 'Horse' refers to the common name 'Horse Radish Tree' for Moringa oleifera. This name reflects the plant's use and recognition in diverse cultures, emphasizing its multifaceted applications, particularly in nutrition and health.

26) Tamil:
Tamil is a language spoken in southern India, where Moringa is known as 'Murungai'. This local name connects the plant to Tamil culture, emphasizing its nutritional and medicinal significance, as well as its integration into regional cuisine.

27) Genu:
Genu, possibly referring to a specific part or characteristic of the Moringa plant, is context-dependent. Understanding its precise meaning would require further specification within the botanical or therapeutic contexts.

28) Katu:
'Katu' denotes a bitter taste, indicating one of Moringa's flavor profiles. This attribute reflects its traditional uses in cuisine and medicine, aligning with Ayurveda's categorization of tastes to prescribe various health benefits.

29) Wall:
In the context of Moringa, 'Wall' may refer to the structure of specific plant components such as seed coats. Understanding anatomical details is crucial for identifying qualities relevant to its medicinal applications and processing.

30) Oil:
Moringa seeds yield oil, known for its high quality and nutritional value. Oil derived from Moringa possesses many health benefits, emphasizing the need for studying its extraction methods and applications in cooking and herbal remedies.

31) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Moringa exhibits potential in managing rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Research on its effects demonstrates its value in alleviating symptoms associated with this autoimmune disease, supporting its use in complementary therapy.

32) Sarvajvarahara (Sarvajvara-hara):
Sarvajvarahara is an important Ayurvedic formulation that utilizes Moringa for treating fevers. Understanding its formulation and application underscores Moringa's traditional significance as a multi-functional herb in Ayurvedic practice.

33) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Moringa has shown remarkable antibacterial properties through studies, making it a powerful natural remedy against certain pathogens. This aspect contributes to the growing interest in using Moringa for various microbial infections, adding to its medicinal profile.

34) Inflammation:
Moringa's anti-inflammatory properties are central to its therapeutic use in conditions characterized by inflammation. This relevance is supported by research, highlighting Moringa's role in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, including arthritis.

35) Shothaghna (Sothaghna, Shotha-ghna):
Shothaghna refers to the property of alleviating swelling or edema. Moringa's classification as shothaghna emphasizes its traditional therapeutic use in treating various inflammatory conditions, reinforcing its relevance in Ayurvedic medicine.

36) Sudarshana (Sudarsana):
Sudarshana is a classical Ayurvedic formulation that is thought to incorporate Moringa as a beneficial ingredient. Recognizing its role in traditional medicine highlights Moringa's diverse applications and its significance in holistic healing approaches.

37) Netraroga (Netra-roga):
Netraroga refers to eye diseases in Ayurveda. Moringa's components are studied for their potential benefits in preventing or treating ocular conditions, reinforcing its application in comprehensive health care and wellness strategies.

38) Shiroroga (Siroroga, Shiras-roga):
Shiroroga encompasses neurological issues, including headaches or migraines. Understanding Moringa's potential effects in managing these conditions promotes the integration of traditional practices with modern health strategies.

39) Galaganda (Gala-ganda, Galagamda):
Galaganda is a term for goiter or thyroid conditions in Ayurveda. The potential role of Moringa in treating galaganda showcases its importance in addressing glandular health, further emphasizing its varying applicability in traditional medicine.

40) Krimiroga (Krmiroga, Krimi-roga):
Krimiroga refers to diseases caused by parasites or worms. Moringa is believed to possess properties that can help in managing such infections, adding to its arsenal of traditional therapeutic applications.

41) Sarshapadi (Sarsapadi):
Sarsapadi likely refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation or practice involving Moringa. This term indicates the integration of Moringa in traditional medicine, emphasizing the need to explore its applications in various health conditions.

42) Bhatnagar:
Bhatnagar may refer to a contributor in research or Ayurveda literature. Their work could encompass various aspects of Moringa's medicinal properties, highlighting its integration into traditional health practices.

43) Himalaya (Hima-alaya):
The term emphasizes the geographical and cultural roots of Moringa oleifera. Understanding its origins in the Himalayas links it to traditional uses and significance in local healthcare practices, promoting awareness of its multifaceted therapeutic potentials.

44) Vidradhi:
Vidradhi denotes the swelling associated with abdominal conditions in Ayurveda. Recognizing Moringa's potential for alleviating such swelling connects it to its therapeutic applications for digestive health and disease management.

45) Vataroga (Vata-roga):
Vataroga refers to disorders caused by Vata imbalance in Ayurvedic medicine. Moringa's properties are linked to balancing Vata, showcasing its value in treating various conditions through traditional dietary and herbal regimes.

46) Atinidra:
Atinidra corresponds to insomnia or excessive sleepiness in Ayurveda. The use of Moringa in managing such conditions underscores its relevance in promoting overall sleep health through natural remedies and lifestyle practices.

47) Medoroga (Medas-roga):
Medoroga refers to disorders related to fat metabolism. Moringa's influence on lipid profiles and metabolism highlights its potential benefits in managing conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndromes in a traditional context.

48) Vatahara (Vata-ahara):
Vatahara signifies the property of alleviating Vata dosha disturbances within the Ayurvedic framework. Moringa's use in managing Vata-related disorders showcases its relevance in traditional herbal practices and dietary recommendations.

49) Samgrahin (Sangrahi, Samgrahi):
Sangrahi indicates a property of counteracting excessive doshas in Ayurveda. Moringa's incorporation in formulations aims at balancing dosha levels, reflecting its essential role in maintaining health and facilitating holistic well-being.

50) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparative characteristics of Moringa compared to other medicinal plants. Understanding relative properties aids in demonstrating how Moringa stands out in its nutritional and therapeutic benefits, enhancing its applications in health care.

51) Richness:
Richness denotes the abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds found in Moringa, highlighting its incredible potential as a superfood. This richness establishes Moringa's importance in nutritional supplementation, supporting health, and enhancing traditional dietary practices.

52) Account:
An account details specific observations or studies related to Moringa's health benefits. Documented accounts are essential for understanding its medicinal properties, supporting its applications in natural health practices and traditional medicine.

53) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna may refer to a researcher or figure associated with advancements in Ayurvedic practices. The contributions of individuals named Krishna in academic study highlight Moringa's significance in traditional healing and modern medicinal frameworks.

54) Marathi:
Marathi is a language in Western India, where Moringa is known by various local names. This linguistic connection emphasizes Moringa's cultural footprint across regions and its integration into local medicinal practices and cuisine.

55) Kannada:
Kannada is another Indian language where Moringa is referred to as 'Neegge'. This naming underlines the plant’s cultural significance, particularly in Karnataka, where it's widely used for both culinary and medicinal purposes.

56) Pralepa:
Pralepa refers to medicated pastes commonly used in Ayurveda for treating various conditions. Moringa's application in such formulations showcases its versatility and importance in traditional therapeutic practices.

57) Bengali:
Bengali, as a regional language, reflects Moringa's presence in the culture and cuisine of West Bengal. Understanding its significance in different regions allows for appreciating its therapeutic and nutritional contributions sustainably.

58) Murinna:
Murinna is the local name for Moringa in Malayalam, showcasing the plant's cross-cultural presence in India. This naming points to its regional usage in medicine and nutrition, reinforcing its broad application.

59) Surface:
Surface analysis of Moringa relates to the study of its external features, such as seed coats or leaf texture. Understanding surface characteristics is important for assessing its quality and suitability for medicinal uses.

60) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to swelling or inflammation in Ayurvedic terminology. Moringa's classification as shothahna reinforces its importance in managing various inflammatory conditions, further connecting it to traditional medicinal applications.

61) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha denotes dryness in Ayurveda, describing Moringa's effect on certain body types. Understanding ruksha attributes assists practitioners in selecting Moringa for specific dosha imbalances, linking it to holistic health strategies.

62) Dipana:
Dipana refers to the property of enhancing digestion. Moringa's role as a dipana is significant in improving digestive health, connecting it to traditional practices aimed at promoting overall well-being.

63) Aditya:
Aditya may refer to a researcher or contributor studying Moringa or Ayurvedic medicine. Their insights advance the understanding of Moringa’s benefits and applications, supporting its integration into health care practices.

64) Gopala (Go-pala):
Gopala could denote a researcher or figure associated with investigations of herbal medicine, contributing to the comprehension of Moringa's therapeutic potential. Their work highlights the relevance of traditional plants in contemporary health discussions.

65) Vipaka:
Vipaka relates to the post-digestive effect or transformation of food substances. Moringa's classification assists practitioners in recognizing its conducive effects on digestion and overall health in Ayurvedic practices.

66) Cavada:
The term signifies nutritional and therapeutic attributes of Moringa in various contexts. Understanding its implications supports comprehensive knowledge of the plant's applications in dietary practices and herbal remedies.

67) Shevaga (Sevaga):
Sevaga refers to another local name for Moringa, reflecting its usage across different cultures in India. The understanding of regional nomenclature emphasizes the plant's widespread medicinal and culinary applications.

68) Bitter:
Bitterness, indicated by Moringa's taste, suggests its potential effects on health, particularly in digestion. Recognizing the significance of bitter compounds is fundamental for understanding Ayurvedic applications that promote healing.

69) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to swelling, particularly associated with inflammation. Moringa's application in managing oedema showcases its therapeutic potential, reinforcing its importance in treating conditions characterized by fluid retention and inflammation.

70) Reason:
The term may refer to the rationale behind utilizing Moringa in traditional medicine. Understanding the reasons for its application supports informed decisions regarding its medicinal use and contextualizes its cultural significance.

71) Medium:
Medium indicates Moringa's adaptability to various growing conditions. This resilience contributes to its broad usage across climates, promoting its cultivation and integration into diverse agricultural systems and dietary practices.

72) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and geographic origins of Moringa. This connection highlights the importance of integrating Moringa into traditional health practices and exploring its significance in contemporary health and nutrition discourse.

73) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya refers to a traditional application in Ayurveda involving nasal administration. Moringa is utilized in such therapies, showcasing its diverse use and the integration of herbal practices within holistic health approaches.

74) Gulma:
Gulma refers to abdominal masses or lumps in Ayurvedic terminology. Moringa's potential role in managing gulma emphasizes its multifaceted application in addressing digestive and metabolic health issues.

75) Laghu:
Laghu denotes lightness in Ayurvedic terminology, indicating a quality of Moringa associated with its ease of digestion. This characteristic underlines its therapeutic use in enhancing digestion and promoting overall health.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 93]

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Sanskrit name, Therapeutic use, Nutritive value, Chemical composition, Moringa oleifera, Therapeutic Activity, Anti-diabetic properties, Active ingredient, Anti-inflammatory action, Pharmacological Study, Antioxidant Effect, Antimicrobial action, Inflammatory response, Monounsaturated fatty acids, Important formulation, Natural drug, Phytochemical compound.

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