Screening heavy metals in "siringipaerathi chooranam" via ICP-OES.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preliminary screening of heavy metal analysis of a siddha poly herbal formulation “siringipaerathi chooranam” through a scientific technique icp-oes
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Vijaya Nirmala R., Abinaya R. and Velpandian V.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Preliminary screening of heavy metal analysis of a siddha poly herbal formulation “siringipaerathi chooranam” through a scientific technique icp-oes
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15393
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The Siddha system of medicine, a traditional medical practice predominantly found in South India, emphasizes the use of natural resources for therapeutic purposes, including the employment of herbs, minerals, and animal products. The study conducted by Nirmala et al. focuses on the heavy metal analysis of a Siddha polyherbal formulation known as “Siringipaerathi Chooranam” (SPC) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The aim was to ensure the safety of this herbal formulation for clinical trials, given concerns regarding heavy metal contamination in traditional medicines. As heavy metals can pose significant health risks, their quantification is vital before advancing to clinical applications.
Heavy Metal Analysis and Safety
The research utilized ICP-OES to analyze the presence of essential and toxic heavy metals in SPC. The study identified significant levels of essential minerals such as Calcium (54.120 mg/L), Iron (12.300 mg/L), Potassium (60.821 mg/dL), Sodium (0.3110 mg/L), and Phosphorus (8.541 mg/dL) as physiologically important components. Importantly, toxic heavy metals—namely Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, Sulfur, and Nickel—were found to be below detectable levels. This finding indicates that the herbal formulation is safe and poses no heavy metal-related risks for human consumption, aligning with international safety standards.
Siddha System and Drug Preparation
Siddha medicines are carefully prepared through rigorous purification processes as outlined in traditional texts. The preparation of “Siringipaerathi Chooranam” follows a meticulous method that includes the selection of raw materials and their purification using various techniques such as soaking and steaming. Each ingredient undergoes specific treatments to ensure its efficacy and safety before being combined and processed into the final formulation. This thorough approach underscores the commitment to quality in Siddha medicine, addressing concerns related to toxicity and ensuring that only safe products reach patients.
Significance of Standardization
A central theme of the study is the importance of standardization in traditional medicine, particularly in Siddha practice, which often lacks the rigorous protocols observed in Western medicine. The analysis aims not only to validate the safety of the formulation but also to promote a systematic approach to evaluating traditional therapeutic alternatives scientifically. By employing modern techniques like ICP-OES, the study contributes valuable data that support the credibility of Siddha medicine in a contemporary healthcare context, emphasizing the need for similar analyses in other traditional formulations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the ICP-OES analysis of “Siringipaerathi Chooranam” demonstrates that the formulation is safe for human consumption, with all detected heavy metals residing within permissible limits established by global health authorities. This validation of safety complements the Siddha system's traditional practices and underscores the potential for these remedies to contribute positively to modern healthcare. The study serves as a basis for further clinical trials, promoting confidence in the use of Siddha medicines while advocating for continued research into their efficacy and safety.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the objective of the study on Siringipaerathi Chooranam?
The objective is to validate the heavy metal analysis of the Siddha herbal formulation Siringipaerathi Chooranam using the ICP-OES technique, ensuring its safety for clinical trials.
What method was used for heavy metal analysis in the study?
The study utilized Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the heavy metal analysis of the herbal formulation.
What were the results concerning heavy metals in Siringipaerathi Chooranam?
The results indicated that heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and nickel were below detectable levels, confirming the safety of the drug.
Which elements showed physiologically important levels in the formulation?
The study detected calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus at physiologically relevant concentrations in Siringipaerathi Chooranam.
What ensures the safety of the Siddha drug being tested?
The heavy metal analysis and the absence of toxic metals assure the safety of Siringipaerathi Chooranam for human consumption.
What conclusion was drawn from the ICP-OES results on the drug?
The study concluded that Siringipaerathi Chooranam is non-toxic and safe for clinical trials based on heavy metal levels within permissible limits.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Screening heavy metals in "siringipaerathi chooranam" via ICP-OES.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
'Drugs' in this context denotes therapeutic agents, including herbal formulations like 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. The study investigates the chemical composition and heavy metal content of these drugs to ensure they are safe for clinical trials and human consumption.
2) Siddha:
'Siddha' is a traditional system of medicine originating in South India, emphasizing holistic healing using natural elements like herbs, minerals, and animal products. The Siddha philosophy includes the purification of medicines to make them safe and effective, underlying the investigation of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' in this study.
3) Medicine:
'Medicines' refer to substances utilized in the prevention and treatment of diseases. This study focuses on 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam', which is categorized under Siddha medicines—those derived from natural sources that require thorough analysis to ensure they meet safety guidelines for human use.
4) Nirmala:
'Nirmala' refers to Dr. Vijaya Nirmala R., the corresponding author of the research study. Her involvement signifies the academic and professional authority behind the study on heavy metal analysis in Siddha formulations, contributing valuable insights into the safety of traditional medicine practices.
5) Chennai:
'Chennai' is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, India, serving as a backdrop for this research. The study was conducted at the Government Siddha Medical College in Chennai, emphasizing the city's significance in Siddha medicine and the academic community involved in traditional healthcare research.
6) Study (Studying):
'Study' pertains to the scientific examination conducted to assess the heavy metal content of the herbal formulation 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. This analysis utilizes the ICP-OES technique, showcasing the systematic approach necessary for validating the safety of a traditional medicine before clinical applications.
7) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' highlights the methodology and rigor applied in analyzing the heavy metal content in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. The use of modern techniques such as ICP-OES illustrates the blending of traditional medicine and contemporary scientific practices to ensure safety and efficacy.
8) Purification:
'Purification' involves processes aimed at removing impurities from substances. In the Siddha tradition, this step is crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal drugs like 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam', reinforcing the necessity of rigorous quality control in traditional medicine preparation.
9) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. This study informs pharmacological understanding by validating the heavy metal safety of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam', contributing to the broader acceptance and integration of traditional medicines.
10) Container:
'Container' refers to the storage vessel for the prepared 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Proper storage in airtight glass containers is vital for preserving the integrity of herbal formulations and preventing contamination, emphasizing the importance of handling and storage in medicinal preparation.
11) Sandhana (Samdhana):
'Sandhana' translates to a specific type of preparations used in Siddha medicine, often signifying the inclusion of ghee or other oils. The inclusion of 'Sandhana thool' in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' illustrates the traditional methods employed to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
12) Lavanga (Lavamga):
'Lavanga' is the Tamil term for clove, which is one of the ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties, lavanga contributes to the formulation's therapeutic profile, reflecting the blend of nature and science in Siddha medicine.
13) Table:
'Table' in the context refers to organized data presented within the study, such as ingredient lists or analytical results. Tables enhance clarity and present critical information, making it easier for readers to comprehend the constituents and safety levels of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'.
14) Milk:
'Milk' plays a role in the purification process of the 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' where the steaming process (Pittaviyal Murai) is employed. In Siddha practices, milk is often used for its nourishing and purifying properties, showcasing the interconnection of various natural elements in traditional formulas.
15) Piper longum:
'Piper longum', known as long pepper, is one of the ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Recognized for its health benefits in traditional medicine, it signifies the importance of botanical diversity and the role of specific plants in enhancing the formulation's therapeutic effects.
16) Measurement:
'Measurement' pertains to quantifying the heavy metal content in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' through ICP-OES analysis. Precise measurement is crucial to ensure safety and compliance with health standards, allowing traditional medicines to undergo scientific scrutiny for clinical applications.
17) Activity:
'Activity' refers to the therapeutic effects or actions of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Understanding the biological activity of this Siddha formulation is essential for determining its efficacy in clinical settings, thereby validating traditional claims within a scientific framework.
18) Mineral:
'Mineral' indicates the specific inorganic elements present in the formulation 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Analyzing mineral content provides insight into the nutritional value and therapeutic potential of the drug, reinforcing the importance of scientific validation in the preparation of traditional medicines.
19) Siddhar:
'Siddhar' refers to the practitioners and spiritual scientists behind the Siddha medicine system. Their ancient knowledge and methods have laid the foundation for practices around herbal formulations and purification techniques, underscoring the cultural richness and history in the study of herbal medicine.
20) Vijaya:
'Vijaya' refers to Dr. Vijaya Nirmala R., the lead researcher and author of the study. Her contribution reflects the academic effort to bridge traditional Siddha medicine with modern scientific methods, enhancing the credibility and safety of these ancient practices in contemporary healthcare.
21) Milagu:
'Milagu', or black pepper, is a key ingredient in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Known for its medicinal properties, it exemplifies how various spices and herbs from traditional practices contribute to the health benefits attributed to Siddha formulations.
22) Nature:
'Nature' signifies the natural elements sourced for medicinal formulations. The study honors the holistic connection to nature that Siddha medicine embodies, utilizing the therapeutic potential of plants, minerals, and animal-based ingredients while ensuring safety through scientific analysis.
23) Animal:
'Animals' indicated in the study highlight the components sourced from animal products within Siddha medicine. Their usage necessitates careful consideration regarding safety, including heavy metal content, showcasing the importance of thorough analysis in the formulation's preparation.
24) Powder:
'Powder' refers to the final form of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. The process of grinding ingredients into fine powders is a critical aspect of preparation, ensuring proper dosage and uniformity in traditional medicine, which is fundamental to effectiveness.
25) Madra:
'Madra' is a term that may refer to the city of Madras, connecting it to the historical roots of Siddha medicine. It emphasizes the geographical and cultural importance of the region in the study and application of traditional healthcare systems.
26) Water:
'Water' in the context of this study serves as a medium for diluting and preparing medicinal formulations. Its significance is underscored in the purification processes as well, ensuring clean and safe preparations of traditional remedies like 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'.
27) Sugar:
'Sugar' is included in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' to enhance palatability as well as to potentially offer additional energy. The consideration of flavoring agents in herbal formulations reflects traditional practices to improve patient compliance during administration.
28) Elam:
'Elam', or cardamom, is one of the ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam', acknowledged for its aromatic properties and health benefits. The inclusion of such spices in formulation reflects the diverse use of botanicals in therapeutic practices within Siddha medicine.
29) Inji:
'Inji', or ginger, is a prominent ingredient in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Known for its medicinal properties, 'Inji' showcases the importance of specific herbs in enhancing the therapeutic potential of Siddha formulations, reinforcing the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry.
30) Ghi (Ghee):
'Ghee' refers to clarified butter, an ingredient used in the preparation of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its cultural and medicinal significance in Ayurvedic and Siddha practices highlights the emphasis on healthy fats in traditional formulations aimed at improving bioavailability and efficacy.
31) Post:
'Post' signifies the author's affiliation as a postgraduate student, emphasizing the educational background and research engagement in Siddha medicine. This involvement represents the continuous academic efforts to explore and validate traditional practices using modern methodologies.
32) Cinnamomum zeylanicum:
'Cinnamomum zeylanicum', or true cinnamon, is an ingredient in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its inclusion exemplifies the richness of botany in traditional medicine, highlighting the importance of aromatic herbs for their numerous health benefits recognized in both traditional and modern contexts.
33) Cinnamomum tamala:
'Cinnamomum tamala', known as Indian bay leaf, is another key ingredient in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. It constitutes a significant aspect of Siddha pharmacotherapy, adding value to the formulation while ensuring a blend of flavor and traditional medicinal benefits.
34) Cuminum cyminum:
'Cuminum cyminum', or cumin, is recognized for its culinary and medicinal value in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its presence in the formulation reflects the importance of aromatic seeds and spices in enhancing digestive health and overall wellness in Siddha practices.
35) Santalum album:
'Santalum album', or sandalwood, is revered for its aromatic qualities in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its use underscores the interconnection of sensory properties and therapeutic benefits in Siddha formulations, making it invaluable in traditional and contemporary medicine.
36) Plumbago zeylanica:
'Plumbago zeylanica', known as leadwort, is among the ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its inclusion highlights the diversity of plant species utilized in traditional formulations, emphasizing the need for thorough investigation into their health benefits and safety profiles.
37) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
'Buttermilk' is utilized in the preparation of certain ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. This traditional practice reflects the cultural significance of fermented dairy in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, promoting fermentation as a method of enhancing nutritional and digestibility qualities.
38) Discussion:
'Discussion' encompasses the critical analysis of results, drawing connections between the heavy metal analysis of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' and its implications for safety and efficacy in traditional medicine. This section is pivotal in interpreting data and suggesting directions for future research.
39) Adhikarin (Adhikari):
'Adhikari' may refer to a Sanskrit-derived term in Siddha literature signifying practitioner or expert. Its usage may reflect the traditional knowledge and authority behind the formulation processes, underlining the cultural richness and depth of historical practices in Siddha medicine.
40) Worry (Worried, Worrying):
'Worried' represents concerns expressed regarding the potential toxicity and safety of traditional Siddha medicines in light of the presence of heavy metals. This sentiment underscores the importance of rigorous analysis and standardization within herbal practices to address safety issues.
41) Kamalai:
'Kamalai' indicates a condition or disease that 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam' aims to treat. Understanding the specific indications for the formulation provides insight into its intended therapeutic use, connecting traditional knowledge with modern medical applications.
42) Tamala:
'Tamala' refers to the Indian bay leaf, a significant ingredient in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. It illustrates the rich herbal diversity in Siddha formulations while contributing aromatic properties that are believed to enhance the therapeutic qualities of the medicine.
43) Indian:
'Indian' signifies the geographical and cultural roots of Siddha medicine, emphasizing the traditional knowledge that has evolved within the Indian subcontinent. This context enriches the understanding of herbal practices and their relevance in contemporary healthcare.
44) Filling (Filled):
'Filled' pertains to the process of filling containers with the prepared medicine 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Proper filling techniques ensure preservation and protect against contamination, reflecting meticulous attention to detail in the preparation and storage of traditional formulations.
45) Glass:
'Glass' is significant for its use as a storage material for herbal preparations like 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its inert and non-reactive properties make glass a suitable choice to preserve the quality and safety of herbal medicines.
46) Honey:
'Honey' serves as an adjuvant in the administration of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam', enhancing its palatability. Considered a natural sweetener, honey also carries its own health benefits, reflecting the tradition of blending ingredients for improved taste and therapeutic effects.
47) Field:
'Field' refers to the domain of research and study pertaining to Siddha medicine. The exploration of traditional practices within this field showcases the analysis of herbal formulations and their relevance in a modern healthcare context.
48) Lemon:
'Lemon' is utilized in the purification of certain ingredients in 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. Its acidity is traditionally valued for cleansing properties, illustrating the importance of utilizing citrus fruits in medicinal preparations to enhance safety and effectiveness.
49) Fire:
'Fire' signifies the element involved in the preparation and purification processes of 'Siringipaerathi Chooranam'. The use of heat is essential in traditional herbal practices, ensuring that the ingredients are properly processed to yield a safe and potent medicinal formulation.
50) Sour:
'Sour' relates to the use of sour buttermilk in the preparation of 'Milagu' (black pepper). The incorporation of sour components in traditional practices is significant, enhancing the safety and medicinal properties during the preparation of herbal formulations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Screening heavy metals in "siringipaerathi chooranam" via ICP-OES.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Purification method, Clinical trial, Therapeutic efficacy, Heavy metal analysis, Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, Sample preparation, Siddha system of medicine, Scientific technique.