Critical review of Bhaishjyaratnavali: Manahshila and Somala.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Critical review of Bhaishjyaratnavali: Manahshila and Somala.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Rasa (Rasha):
In Ayurvedic texts, 'Rasa' refers to the essence or taste of a substance, often denoting its therapeutic properties. It is crucial in understanding how herbs and minerals impact bodily functions and influence health, being foundational in both formulations and treatments in traditional medicine.

2) Roga:
In Ayurveda, 'Roga' is a term that signifies disease or disorder. It encompasses a vast range of ailments, categorized by symptoms, etiology, and resultant imbalances in the body's doshas (biological energies), essential for diagnosis and treatment methodology.

3) Madhu:
Translated as 'honey' in Sanskrit, 'Madhu' is regarded for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. It is commonly used as an ingredient in many formulations due to its natural sweetness and ability to balance various doshas alongside acting as a host for other medicinal herbs.

4) Jvara:
In Ayurvedic terminology, 'Jvara' refers to fever. It is considered a major sign of an imbalance in the body, often due to infections or inflammation. Understanding and treating 'Jvara' is pivotal in Ayurveda, involving methods aimed at restoring balance.

5) Taila (Thaila):
Meaning 'oil' in Sanskrit, 'Taila' is significant in Ayurveda for its lubricating properties and as a medium for herbal medicines. Oils are used in various forms of treatments, especially in 'Abhyanga' (therapeutic massage), to enhance the efficacy of herbs.

6) Somala:
Somala is an arsenic oxide compound recognized in Ayurveda for its medicinal use. Despite its toxic nature, when properly processed, it is known to aid in formulating potent medicines that address specific health conditions, showcasing Ayurveda's unique approach to substances viewed as harmful.

7) Water:
Water, a pivotal element in Ayurveda, is often referred to as 'Jala' in Sanskrit. It is essential not just for life but also as a solvent in numerous Ayurvedic preparations, playing a critical role in the absorption and efficacy of herbal treatments.

8) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India, often associated with scholars or practitioners of Ayurveda. In the context of research, individuals with this surname may contribute to the understanding and dissemination of Ayurvedic knowledge, enhancing its practice and scientific validation.

9) Manahshila (Manahsila, Manah-shila, Manas-shila):
Manahshila, or Realgar, is an arsenic disulfide mineral used in Ayurvedic medicine. Despite being recognized as toxic, it has notable therapeutic possibilities when processed correctly. Its usage in formulations highlights the complex nature of Ayurvedic pharmacology and medicinal practices.

10) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda refers to the ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizing natural healing and holistic wellness. Its principles include balance among bodily energies, herbal treatments, and personalized care, aiming for prevention, treatment, and health maintenance.

11) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha denotes a category of skin diseases in Ayurveda. It is characterized by skin lesions and vitiated doshas, particularly pitta. Treatments often include a combination of topical applications and internal medicines aimed at purifying the blood and reducing inflammation.

12) Disease:
Diseases (Roga in Sanskrit) represent various health conditions in Ayurveda. Each condition is classified based on dosha imbalances and symptoms, necessitating tailored treatment approaches that may include herbal formulations, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle practices to promote healing.

13) Anjana (Amjana):
Anjana refers to the application of medicinal substances to the eyes in Ayurveda. It is a therapeutic practice that seeks to enhance vision and treat various ocular disorders, often using herbal preparations that nourish and protect eye health.

14) Jala:
Jala, meaning 'water' in Sanskrit, is a vital element in Ayurvedic medicine. It aids in purification, digestion, and detoxification while serving as a base for many medicinal concoctions, emphasizing its fundamental role in sustaining life and health.

15) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state in India known for its rich heritage in traditional medicine, including Ayurveda. This region is home to various Ayurvedic schools, practitioners, and research institutions promoting the study and practice of holistic health and healing methods.

16) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita translates to 'ghee' in Ayurveda and is essential for many medicinal formulations. It is famed for its nourishing, revitalizing effects and is considered a carrier of herbal properties that enhances digestion, absorption, and effectiveness of treatments.

17) Varti (Vartin):
Varti refers to medicated wicks or suppositories used in Ayurvedic treatments, primarily for localized issues. They are effective for conditions like rectal diseases and eye problems, delivering concentrated herbal remedies directly to the affected areas.

18) Sannipatajvara (Samnipatajvara, Sannipata-jvara, Samnipata-jvara):
Sannipata-jvara describes a type of fever resulting from a combination of all three dosha imbalances. Its management requires targeted treatments that harmonize the bodily functions more broadly.

19) Unmada:
Unmada translates to 'madness' or 'mental disorders' in Ayurveda. It signifies a state of disorientation or loss of mental acuity, with treatments often comprising of calming herbs, lifestyle adjustments, and spiritual practices to restore mental clarity.

20) Vishamajvara (Visamajvara, Vishama-jvara):
Vishamajvara designates a term for phasic or irregular episodes of fever in Ayurveda, underscoring the focused approaches in managing fluctuating health conditions.

21) Bhagandara (Bhagamdara):
Bhagandara is an Ayurvedic term for fistula. This disease is characterized by an abnormal connection between two epithelium-lined organs or vessels. Therapeutic interventions typically include a combination of herbal treatments aimed at promoting healing and reducing inflammatory conditions.

22) Ushnodaka (Usnodaka, Ushna-udaka):
Ushnodaka translates as 'warm water' in Ayurveda, often used to enhance digestion and absorption of medicines. It is commonly recommended as a vehicle ('Anupana') for various Ayurvedic formulations to optimize their therapeutic efficacy.

23) Apasmara:
Apasmara refers to epilepsy or seizure disorders in Ayurveda. Treatments typically focus on restoring doshic balance using herbal remedies that stabilize the nervous system and enhance mental clarity, alongside lifestyle changes to prevent attacks.

24) Vishama (Visama):
Vishama translates as 'uneven' or 'irregular.' In Ayurveda, it often characterizes conditions that exhibit variability, particularly in symptoms or dosha behavior. This concept is crucial in diagnosing and determining treatment regimens for fluctuating ailments.

25) Anupana:
Anupana refers to the substances used as carriers or vehicles for medicinal preparations in Ayurveda, especially when taking oral medicines. The right choice of Anupana enhances absorption and effectiveness of the herbal compounds in the body.

26) Timira:
Timira refers to vision-related disorders, particularly those affecting clarity and focus. Ayurvedic treatments for Timira may include eye washes, topical applications, and systemic medications targeting ocular health, highlighting the importance of proper vision in overall well-being.

27) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa refers to cough in Ayurveda, a symptom of various respiratory disorders. Treatment focuses on the underlying causes, which may include herbal remedies aimed at soothing the throat, alleviating mucus production, and restoring normal respiratory function.

28) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu denotes itching and is a symptom of various skin and systemic conditions in Ayurveda. Treatments often involve determining underlying dosha imbalances and applying topical and internal remedies to relieve discomfort and promote skin health.

29) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine that offers holistic approaches to health and wellness. Its rich history and cultural practices have contributed to the development and preservation of Ayurvedic knowledge and healing practices throughout centuries.

30) Pama (Pama°):
Pama refers to a type of skin disease or inflammation characterized by itching and irritation. Ayurvedic treatments focus on identifying the root cause and applying herbal remedies to soothe the skin and restore balance.

31) Vati:
Vati refers to classically prepared tablets or pills in Ayurveda, usually containing concentrated herbal formulations. These are convenient for administering precise doses, making them an integral part of both traditional and contemporary Ayurvedic treatments.

32) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, holds a significant place in Ayurveda due to its health benefits and nutritional value. It is considered a nurturing substance, used both in cooking and as a carrier for medicinal herbs, enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

33) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasa-shastra is the field of Ayurveda that encompasses alchemical processes and the medicinal use of metals and minerals. Its depth showcases the complexity and historical richness in Ayurvedic medicine.

34) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya translates to 'medicine' in Ayurveda, encompassing herbal formulations, minerals, and therapeutic substances used for healing. It underscores the significance of preparing and administering medicines to restore health and balance in individuals.

35) Teaching:
Teaching in the context of Ayurveda encompasses the transmission of knowledge and practice regarding health, disease management, and therapy. Effective education ensures the continuity of traditional wisdom and the scientific understanding of holistic healing.

36) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to the preparation or formulation of medicinal substances in Ayurveda. It highlights the meticulous process of creating herbal remedies and elixirs, ensuring that they retain their therapeutic properties through specific methods and rituals.

37) Dugdha:
Dugdha translates to 'milk' in Sanskrit and is regarded as a nourishing substance in Ayurveda. It is often used in formulations for its health benefits, providing a foundation for many Ayurvedic preparations and enhancing the digestive and absorptive capabilities of the body.

38) Udara:
Udara signifies the abdomen or a category of diseases related to abdominal ailments in Ayurveda. Treatments focus on digestive health and may involve various herbal remedies tailored to address issues like bloating, pain, and gastrointestinal disorders.

39) Mukha:
Mukha translates to 'mouth' or 'face' in Sanskrit. It indicates various facial and oral conditions in Ayurveda that require specific attention through local treatments and systemic herbal approaches to promote overall oral and facial health.

40) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya refers to the practice of administering medicinal substances through the nasal passage in Ayurveda. It is effective for treating head and neck-related issues, enhancing respiratory function, and also for promoting mental clarity.

41) Pliha:
Pliha refers to the spleen in Ayurvedic terminology, often associated with specific health concerns. It is important for managing bodily functions related to digestion and immunity, and treatments focus on strengthening its function and addressing any abnormalities.

42) Netra:
Netra means 'eye' in Sanskrit and holds significant importance in Ayurveda. Various treatments are designed to improve vision and eye health, including topical applications and dietary changes aimed at sustaining overall ocular well-being.

43) Hikka:
Hikka refers to hiccups in Ayurveda, a condition that can indicate digestive disturbances. Ayurvedic treatments include herbal remedies that facilitate digestion and regulate respiratory function to alleviate this condition effectively.

44) Ratti:
Ratti signifies a unit of weight in Ayurveda, often used in measuring herbs and minerals. Accurate measurement is crucial for preparing formulations, ensuring that proportions deliver the intended therapeutic effects without toxicity.

45) Arma:
Arma translates to 'arm' in Sanskrit. In Ayurvedic practices, it may refer to ailments or treatments associated with this part of the body, underlining the holistic aspect of Ayurvedic healing concerning physical wellness.

46) Post:
Post refers to the publication or posting of academic or research findings. In the context of Ayurveda, sharing knowledge through published works promotes awareness and helps disseminate traditional practices in modern settings.

47) Drug:
The term drug encompasses any substance used for therapeutic purposes. In Ayurveda, this includes a wide range of herbal medicines, minerals, and formulations tailored for specific health issues while focusing on natural healing processes.

48) Coconut water:
Coconut water is a natural beverage praised in Ayurveda for its hydrating properties and nutritional value. It serves as a rejuvenating drink in various formulations aimed at balancing fluids and nutrients within the body.

49) Sarvajvarahara (Sarvajvara-hara):
Sarvajvarahara denotes a specific medicinal formulation in Ayurveda formulated to eliminate all types of fevers. This category emphasizes holistic treatment approaches aimed at addressing multiple physiological disturbances related to febrile conditions.

50) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandya refers to a state of decreased digestive fire or metabolism in Ayurveda, which can lead to various health issues. Treatment focuses on stimulating digestive functions through dietary changes and herbal formulations that boost metabolic activity.

51) Netraroga (Netra-roga):
Netraroga refers to eye disorders in Ayurveda, emphasizing dietary and lifestyle approaches alongside topical treatments to restore ocular health and mitigate symptoms.

52) Udararoga (Udara-roga):
Udara-roga pertains to diseases affecting the abdominal regions in Ayurveda. This category highlights various digestive disorders, warranting tailored treatments to address symptoms and restore digestive balance through suitable herbal remedies.

53) Nadivrana (Nadi-vrana):
Nadivrana signifies a type of wound or injury, particularly in Ayurvedic contexts concerning surgical or external treatments. It emphasizes the need for effective care to heal and restore integrity in affected tissues.

54) Krimiroga (Krmiroga, Krimi-roga):
Krimiroga refers to diseases caused by intestinal worms or parasites in Ayurveda. Treatment strategies involve herbal formulations aimed at detoxifying the body and eliminating parasitic infestations to restore health.

55) Narikela:
Narikela translates to 'coconut' in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, coconut is valued not only for its nutritional benefits but also for its medicinal properties used in various formulations and therapeutic practices.

56) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenative treatments in Ayurveda aimed at restoring youthfulness and vitality. It encompasses dietary advice, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that promote physical and mental well-being, emphasizing the maintenance of optimal health.

57) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra means 'science' or 'scripture' in Sanskrit, referring to the authoritative texts in Ayurveda that guide the understanding and practice of medicinal principles, treatments, and the philosophy of holistic healing.

58) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja pertains to diseases or conditions originating from an imbalance in the kapha dosha, characterized by attributes like heaviness and stickiness. Treatments aim to pacify kapha through specific dietary and herbal approaches to restore balance.

59) Coconut (Cocoanut):
Coconut is widely recognized in Ayurveda for its health benefits. It finds applications in various forms - water, oil, and flesh - contributing to numerous formulations with diverse therapeutic effects and nutritional value.

60) Gulma:
Gulma refers to tumors or lumps in Ayurveda, often pointing to deeper internal imbalances. Treatment strategies focus on identifying underlying causes and using herbal formulations to reduce and resolve growths or swellings.

61) Lauha:
Lauha translates to 'iron' in Ayurveda, used for its properties in strengthening and enriching blood. Iron formulations are critical in treating anemias and related conditions, emphasizing from a scientific perspective the importance of minerals.

62) Vrana:
Vrana refers to wounds or injuries in Ayurveda. Its management involves specific herbal treatments to promote healing, reduce infections and scarring, highlighting the holistic approach to caring for physical injuries.

63) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arsha indicates hemorrhoids in Ayurveda. Treatment strategies may include dietary modifications, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes aimed at reducing inflammation and discomfort associated with this prevalent condition.

64) Honey:
Honey, or Madhu, plays a crucial role in Ayurvedic medicine due to its numerous health benefits. It is utilized for its sweetness and therapeutic properties, often included in formulations to enhance the efficacy and palatability of treatments.

65) Kaca:
Kacha translates as 'unripe' or 'raw' in Sanskrit. In the context of Ayurveda, it can specify the condition or state of certain foods or herbs indicating their potency and use across various formulations and treatments.

66) Lepa:
Lepa refers to medicinal pastes or applications used in Ayurveda, typically applied topically to treat local ailments. Such preparations play a significant role in detoxifying and healing the skin and underlying tissues.

67) Yoga:
Yoga in this context refers not only to physical postures but a holistic lifestyle approach that incorporates physical, mental, and spiritual practices aimed at establishing balance and harmony within the individual.

68) Daha:
Daha denotes burning sensation or heat, often associated with pitta imbalances in Ayurveda. Treatment measures typically focus on cooling therapies and herbs designed to alleviate these uncomfortable symptoms.

69) Milk:
Milk (Dugdha) is revered in Ayurvedic medicine as a nourishing food and a carrier for various compounds. Its use is widespread across many formulations due to its nutritional properties and ability to balance all three doshas.

70) Human body:
The study of the human body is central to Ayurveda, which meticulously categorizes systems, organs, and functions. The science seeks to maintain health and treat diseases by understanding the interrelationship of the body, mind, and spirit.

71) Sarvatobhadra (Sarvatas-bhadra):
Sarvatobhadra refers to a versatile preparation in Ayurveda formulated to address various disorders across multiple systems. Its application embodies the holistic principles of Ayurvedic treatment methodologies.

72) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi refers to diseases attributed to vata dosha imbalances. It includes a spectrum of disorders characterized by dryness, mobility, and irregularity, necessitating specific dietary and therapeutic approaches in Ayurveda.

73) Mukharoga (Mukha-roga):
Mukha-roga denotes facial diseases or conditions in Ayurveda, with treatments designed to target the skin and oral health. This emphasizes the holistic approach in addressing both aesthetic and medicinal aspects of health.

74) Sutikaroga (Sutika-roga):
Sutika-roga pertains to conditions associated with childbirth and postpartum recovery in Ayurveda. Effective management is essential for supporting mothers during recovery, emphasizing holistic care practices.

75) Gandamala (Ganda-mala):
Gandamala refers to tumors or growths in Ayurvedic terms. Treatment typically involves identifying the type and underlying causes, tailoring interventions to dismantle or manage these growths effectively.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 269]