A pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analysis of abhayadi vati

an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analysis of abhayadi vati
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Original source:

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Author:

Dr. Sandeep Raman, Dr. A. B. Thakar, Dr. D. H. Pandya, Dr. Harisha C. R. and Dr. V. J. Shukla


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analysis of abhayadi vati

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201912-15984


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, encompasses numerous compound formulations aimed at treating various health conditions. Among these, Abhayadi Vati stands out as a significant Ayurvedic formulation composed of four herbs and sugar (Sita) used to address ailments, particularly associated with Sleshma-Amlapitta. This research serves to evaluate and standardize Abhayadi Vati by conducting pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analyses to ensure its quality and effectiveness in clinical applications.

Pharmacognostical Analysis

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Abhayadi Vati involved a comprehensive examination of its organoleptic and microscopic characteristics. The formulation exhibits a chocolate brown color, a sweet and astringent taste, and a hard yet soft texture. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of key cellular structures from its herbal components, including stone cells and trichomes from Haritaki, oil globules from Draksha, and crystal formations from Dhanvyavas and Pippali. This analysis confirmed the integrity and purity of the contributing herbs, thus establishing a baseline for the formulation's quality.

Physico-Chemical Analysis

In the physicochemical evaluation, key parameters such as loss on drying, ash value, and extractive values were measured to develop analytical profiles for Abhayadi Vati. The results indicated a loss on drying of 10.85% w/w, an ash value of 10% w/w, a water-soluble extract of 48.96% w/w, and an alcohol-soluble extract of 48.03% w/w, along with a pH of 6.5. These values serve as critical benchmarks for future standardization efforts and provide essential data for assessing the formulation's stability and efficacy.

High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was employed to further analyze Abhayadi Vati. The study revealed the presence of distinct spots at specific retention factors (Rf) at both 254 nm and 366 nm, indicating the presence of multiple phytochemical constituents within the formulation. The detection of ten spots each at these wavelengths suggests a complex composition, including bioactive compounds that may contribute to the therapeutic effects of Abhayadi Vati. These findings can offer insights into the formulation's pharmacological profiles.

Conclusion

The investigative study on Abhayadi Vati marks an important contribution to the pharmacognostical and physicochemical standardization of this polyherbal formulation in Vati form. Given the lack of previously published data on its analysis, the parameters established herein provide a foundational reference for future research. The thorough evaluation enhances the understanding of Abhayadi Vati, paving the way for its potential applications in clinical practice and further academic inquiry.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Abhayadi Vati and its significance in Ayurveda?

Abhayadi Vati is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used primarily for treating Kaphaja Amlapitta. It combines various herbs to alleviate the symptoms associated with this condition, emphasizing the importance of standardized herbal medicine in Ayurveda.

What are the main ingredients of Abhayadi Vati?

The key ingredients of Abhayadi Vati include Haritaki, Pippali, Draksha, Dhanvyavas, and Sita (sugar). These components are chosen for their combined therapeutic effects against the symptoms of Kaphaja Amlapitta.

How was the quality of Abhayadi Vati assessed in the study?

The study evaluated Abhayadi Vati through pharmacognostical evaluation, physico-chemical analysis, and HPTLC characterization, helping establish a baseline for future quality standards in similar herbal formulations.

What were the key physicochemical parameters measured for Abhayadi Vati?

Key parameters included loss on drying, ash value, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, and pH. These metrics are crucial for determining the formulation's quality and efficacy.

What techniques were used to analyze Abhayadi Vati?

Techniques employed included powder microscopy for microscopic evaluation and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to profile the active compounds, ensuring accurate characterization and quality assessment.

What outcomes were noted in the study regarding Abhayadi Vati?

The study concluded that the pharmacognostical and physicochemical data of Abhayadi Vati provide essential guidelines for standardization, potentially serving as a reference for future research on herbal formulations.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analysis of abhayadi vati”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Vati:
Vati refers to a specific form of Ayurvedic herbal preparation, typically created as a small pill or tablet. In the context of the study, 'Abhayadi Vati' is the formulation being standardized. This form enhances the palatability and efficacy of the herbal components, making it easier for patients to consume and adhere to treatment regimens.

2) Abhayadi:
Abhayadi denotes a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation that consists of multiple ingredients aimed at addressing specific health issues. Its naming indicates a collective blend of herbs designed for therapeutic purposes, significantly contributing to the efficacy and action of the treatment being studied in relation to Amlapitta.

3) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical refers to the branch of pharmacology that deals with the study of medicinal drugs obtained from plants and other natural sources. This encompasses aspects like identification, characterization, and standardization of herbal materials which was a critical focus in evaluating 'Abhayadi Vati' in the conducted study.

4) Pippali (Pippalin):
Pippali, scientifically known as Piper longum, is one of the principal components in the 'Abhayadi Vati' formulation. Renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly in enhancing digestion and respiratory health, it plays a significant role in the formulation's effectiveness against conditions outlined in the Ayurvedic texts.

5) Table:
In the scientific context, tables serve as structured representations of data, summarizing findings in an easily digestible format. The research presents various tables that compile results such as the composition of 'Abhayadi Vati' and its pharmacognostical and physico-chemical analyses, aiding clarity and understanding.

6) Haritaki:
Haritaki is another key herbal ingredient included in 'Abhayadi Vati', known botanically as Terminalia chebula. Renowned in Ayurveda for its tonifying properties and effectiveness in digestive and detoxification processes, Haritaki enhances the therapeutic synergy of the formulation, addressing ailments targeted by the preparation.

7) Draksha (Draksa):
Draksha, or Vitis vinifera, is incorporated into the formulation and acknowledged for its health benefits, particularly in promoting vitality and nourishing the body. This ingredient contributes antioxidant properties and plays a complementary role in balancing the formulation's overall effectiveness against digestive disturbances.

8) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to the structured investigation undertaken to assess the pharmacognostical and physico-chemical properties of 'Abhayadi Vati'. Such research is essential to establish quality standards, ensuring that the formulation is safe and efficacious for therapeutic use in Ayurvedic medicine.

9) Powder:
Powder signifies the form of the herbal materials used in 'Abhayadi Vati'. The constituents are finely pulverized, enhancing dissolution and absorption when administered, which is an important factor in achieving the desired therapeutic effects associated with the formulation.

10) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a region in India where the study was conducted at the Gujarat Ayurved University. This geographical context reflects the cultural and historical foundation of Ayurveda, emphasizing the importance of regional expertise in developing and standardizing traditional herbal formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati'.

11) Nidana:
Nidana in Ayurvedic terminology refers to the diagnosis or causes of diseases. The study contextualizes 'Abhayadi Vati' as a treatment for Amlapitta, highlighting the importance of understanding disease etiology for effective treatment formulations, which is a core principle of Ayurveda.

12) Sugar:
Sugar or Sita represents one of the components of 'Abhayadi Vati'. It contributes sweetness, which not only enhances the palatability but also serves functional purposes in the formulation, potentially aiding the absorption and effectiveness of the other herbal ingredients.

13) Sita (Shita):
Sita is the Sanskrit term for sugar, a vital ingredient in the formulation of 'Abhayadi Vati'. Its primary role is to act as a stabilizer for the herbal components, improving taste and potentially enhancing the overall efficacy of the herbal formulation by balancing its properties.

14) Drug:
Drugs refer to medicinal compounds utilized in treatment, which can be derived from various sources. In 'Abhayadi Vati', the synergy of different botanical drugs exemplifies traditional Ayurvedic practices, underlining the significance of understanding their interactions and therapeutic properties within the formulation.

15) Amlapitta (Amla-pitta):
Amlapitta is a physiological disorder defined by the imbalance of Pitta dosha in Ayurveda, typically manifesting as acid reflux or upper gastrointestinal disturbances. 'Abhayadi Vati' is formulated to counteract this condition, and the study aims to establish the formulation's effectiveness in managing such disorders.

16) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti denotes the alteration or imbalance in the body's doshas that lead to disease as per Ayurvedic philosophy. Understanding vikriti is essential for determining effective treatments, like 'Abhayadi Vati', thus helping practitioners tailor their approach to restore health to the patient.

17) Water:
Water is vital for various phytochemical evaluations in the study of 'Abhayadi Vati', particularly in assessing the water-soluble extractive value. It helps determine the solubility of the active constituents, influencing the preparation's efficacy and guiding quality control.

18) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focused on holistic healing using natural resources. It encompasses knowledge about compound formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati', supporting wellness by balancing the body's doshas, and is the philosophical foundation underlying the study's aims.

19) Disease:
Disease constitutes an imbalance in the body, which can be addressed using Ayurvedic formulations. The relevance of treating specific diseases, such as Amlapitta through 'Abhayadi Vati', highlights the applicability of Ayurvedic knowledge in contemporary health care and the need for scientific validation.

20) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula is the botanical name for Haritaki, one of the primary constituents of 'Abhayadi Vati'. This plant is esteemed for its numerous health benefits within Ayurvedic medicine, including its ability to detoxify, enhance digestion, and promote overall wellness, underpinning the formulation's purpose.

21) Piper longum:
Piper longum, known as Pippali, is recognized for its therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda, particularly for respiratory issues and digestive health. Its inclusion in 'Abhayadi Vati' supports the formulation's role in restoring balance in the body and alleviating symptoms of Amlapitta.

22) Vitis vinifera:
Vitis vinifera, commonly known as Draksha, is an essential part of 'Abhayadi Vati'. It contributes to the formulation's effectiveness due to its antioxidant properties, enhancing overall health and serving as a supportive agent in Ayurvedic treatments against digestive disorders.

23) Performance:
Performance in this context relates to the efficacy and results achieved by 'Abhayadi Vati' in treating particular health conditions. The study evaluates its performance through pharmacognostical and physicochemical analyses, establishing a foundation for further clinical applications and research.

24) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes the empirical methods applied in the study of 'Abhayadi Vati'. The incorporation of scientific evaluation reflects a growing need to validate traditional knowledge through rigorous research protocols, ensuring that natural formulations meet contemporary standards of quality and efficacy.

25) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala, known for its health benefits, relates to the sensory perception of 'Abhayadi Vati' due to its similar traditional characteristics. The formulation may borrow some attributes from Triphala concerning digestive health and detoxification, aligning with Ayurvedic perspectives of wellness.

26) Medicine:
Medicines in this context refer to health-promoting compounds derived from natural sources like the ingredients in 'Abhayadi Vati'. The classification of these herbal components as medicines emphasizes their therapeutic roles and relevance in holistic health practices.

27) Teaching:
Teaching refers to the educational aspect associated with Ayurveda, where knowledge about formulas like 'Abhayadi Vati' is disseminated. Understanding the preparation, use, and properties of herbal formulations is crucial for practitioners in promoting effective healthcare rooted in traditional methods.

28) Samhita:
Samhita denotes classical texts in Ayurveda where formulations, treatments, and principles are documented. The reference to 'Yogratnakara Samhita' in the study underscores the importance of traditional literature as a foundation for creating and validating formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati'.

29) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja indicates disturbances linked to the Kapha dosha in Ayurvedic terms, associated with mucus-related conditions. In treating Kaphaja Amlapitta, ‘Abhayadi Vati’ aims to mitigate symptoms stemming from this derangement, highlighting its relevance in Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches.

30) Quality:
Quality refers to the standards of efficacy, safety, and consistency achieved in the formulation of 'Abhayadi Vati'. Establishing quality parameters through pharmacognostical and physicochemical assessments is vital for ensuring reliable therapeutic outcomes in herbal medicine.

31) Nature:
Nature pertains to the intrinsic characteristics of the herbal components in 'Abhayadi Vati'. Understanding the natural properties of the constituent herbs allows practitioners to harness their benefits effectively, emphasizing the holistic approach central to Ayurvedic healing.

32) India:
India is the historical and cultural birthplace of Ayurveda, influencing millions through its extensive knowledge of herbal medicine. The relevance of 'Abhayadi Vati' as an Ayurvedic formulation reflects India’s rich heritage in natural healing traditions.

33) Viti:
Viti refers to the disturbance or imbalance in the doshas, a concept fundamental to Ayurveda. The study centers on addressing vitiated conditions like Amlapitta with 'Abhayadi Vati', highlighting the need for remedies that restore equilibrium within the body.

34) Post:
Post, in the context of 'post graduate', signifies advanced levels of education focused on specialty training in Ayurveda. Researchers and practitioners in this category aim to further explore and validate traditional treatments like 'Abhayadi Vati' through in-depth studies and clinical trials.

35) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the interactions and effects of drugs on biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological profiles of herbal ingredients in 'Abhayadi Vati' is crucial for assessing their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action within Ayurvedic frameworks.

36) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical encompasses the study of chemical compounds in plants, especially those possessing medicinal properties. Analyzing phytochemical parameters in 'Abhayadi Vati' helps determine the active constituents and contributes to establishing standards for quality and efficacy in herbal formulations.

37) Observation:
Observation refers to the careful examination of characteristics and results throughout the study. Documenting observations concerning 'Abhayadi Vati's properties assists in building a robust profile that aids understanding and quality assurance in Ayurvedic formulations.

38) Discussion:
Discussion entails analyzing and interpreting the findings from the study on 'Abhayadi Vati'. It provides insights into the formulation's effectiveness, contextualizes the results against existing literature, and suggests future avenues for research and clinical applications.

39) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated signifies the disturbance or alteration in doshas resulting in health complications. The focus on vitiated states like Amlapitta illustrates the need for careful intervention using formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati' that restore balance and promote health.

40) Gaurava:
Gaurava describes a symptom associated with imbalance, often characterized by a feeling of heaviness or lethargy. The connection of 'Abhayadi Vati' in alleviating such symptoms emphasizes its holistic approach to restoring balance and vitality in Ayurvedic practice.

41) Kledaka:
Kledaka refers to a type of Kapha related to moisture in the body, which can contribute to digestive disturbances. Understanding Kledaka conditions in relation to 'Abhayadi Vati' aids practitioners in targeting moisture-related imbalances effectively through Ayurveda.

42) Harisha (Harisa):
Harisha likely refers to one of the authors or researchers involved in the study of 'Abhayadi Vati'. The collaborative efforts of experts within such studies contribute to rigorous validation of traditional formulations, underscoring the role of scholarly work in advancing Ayurvedic medicine.

43) Heating:
Heating denotes the process used during preparation, influencing the consistency and quality of 'Abhayadi Vati'. This aspect of preparation is critical in herbal medicine, affecting the release of active compounds, thus impacting the formulation’s efficacy.

44) Surface:
Surface pertains to the external characteristics of the herbal materials observed during microscopic evaluation of 'Abhayadi Vati'. Surface features, such as the exterior cell structure of ingredients, provide valuable information for identification and quality control.

45) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla refers to one of the authors or contributors to the study of 'Abhayadi Vati.' The input from qualified practitioners or researchers enhances the reliability and depth of the research, promoting the importance of collaboration in Ayurvedic studies.

46) Udgara:
Udgara is a term that describes symptoms related to gastrointestinal disturbances such as belching or acid regurgitation. Addressing Udgara through 'Abhayadi Vati' emphasizes the formulation's role in alleviating such discomforts associated with vitiated conditions.

47) Purity:
Purity pertains to the quality assurance of 'Abhayadi Vati' concerning the absence of contaminants. It signifies the commitment to maintaining high standards in herbal formulation, ensuring that the product remains safe and therapeutically effective for users.

48) Indian:
Indian reflects the cultural and historical origins of Ayurveda. The unique perspectives and holistic methodologies rooted in Indian traditions profoundly influence the philosophy behind formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati', showcasing the rich heritage of traditional medicine.

49) Pandya (Pamdya, Pandyan):
Pandya is one of the contributors to the study, representing expertise in the Ayurvedic field. The involvement of qualified practitioners like Pandya underscores the importance of collaborative research in validating and advancing traditional herbal formulations.

50) Pitta:
Pitta represents one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, primarily associated with transformation and metabolism. The study focuses on vitiation of Pitta, illustrating the need for formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati' to restore digestive balance and address related health issues.

51) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in the Ayurvedic system, associated with structure and lubrication within the body. Understanding Kapha’s role in health is vital for formulating treatments like 'Abhayadi Vati', targeting imbalances that may lead to diseases.

52) Kampa:
Kampa refers to tremors or shaking as a symptom in Ayurveda, often linked to a vitiation of Vata. Recognizing such symptoms is crucial in understanding the therapeutic role that formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati' can play in restoring balance.

53) Yoga:
Yoga in the Ayurvedic context describes techniques for maintaining health and balance, which might be integrated with treatments like 'Abhayadi Vati'. The holistic approach in Ayurveda often combines formulations with lifestyle practices to promote overall wellness.

54) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda responsible for movement and communication within the body. The study recognizes Vata’s significance in health and disease and the role of 'Abhayadi Vati' in addressing Vata-related imbalances for holistic treatment.

55) Vayu:
Vayu denotes the concept of air or spirit within Ayurveda, relating to the Vata dosha. Understanding the influence of Vayu on bodily functions is essential in Ayurvedic practices, especially when assessing the balance and health benefits of formulations like 'Abhayadi Vati'.

56) Sign:
Sign refers to observable indicators associated with diseases in Ayurveda. Recognizing signs of illness helps practitioners determine the appropriate treatments, such as 'Abhayadi Vati', ensuring that patients receive tailored therapies for effective management of their health.

57) Wall:
Wall, in a botanical context, refers to the structural composition of plant cells important for identification in pharmacognostical studies. Analyzing the cell wall characteristics in 'Abhayadi Vati' supports understanding of its purity and effectiveness through identification of its herbal constituents.

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Kampa, Gaurava, Udgara, Medicinal plant, High performance thin layer chromatography, Physico-chemical evaluation, Pharmacognostical evaluation, Organoleptic character, Scientific evaluation, Yogratnakara, Quality standard.

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