Review article on indian mallow plant
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review article on indian mallow plant
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Divya P., Visagaperumal and Vineeth Chandy
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Review article on indian mallow plant
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201913-16193
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Abutilon indicum, commonly known as Indian mallow, belongs to the Malvaceae family and has significant traditional medicinal value in various cultures, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. This plant is utilized for a range of therapeutic applications including its roles as a laxative, emollient, analgesic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent. Its various parts—bark, root, leaves, flowers, and seeds—are harnessed for medicinal purposes, often used for treating ailments such as leprosy, urinary diseases, jaundice, and wound care. The phytochemical profile of Abutilon indicum includes alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and steroids, which contribute to its medicinal properties.
Antioxidant Activity of Abutilon Indicum
One notable aspect of Abutilon indicum is its antioxidant activity. Research has identified that extracts from the seeds of this plant exhibit considerable antioxidant capabilities, measured using methods such as ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and oleic acid peroxidation assays. These studies indicate the presence of both slow and fast-reacting antioxidant components in the seed oils. Furthermore, the seed oils show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, being effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, highlighting the plant's potential for use in natural therapeutics.
Antipyretic and Anti-Ulcer Activities
In studies evaluating the antipyretic properties of Abutilon indicum, the chloroform leaf extract demonstrated significant effects in reducing fever induced by yeast in rat models, especially at higher doses. Similarly, its anti-ulcer activity has been explored using models that simulate conditions similar to human gastric ulcers. The extracts were observed to significantly lower ulcer indices and reduce symptoms associated with gastric ulcers, outperforming control groups. These findings underscore the plant's potential for treating heat-related health issues and gastrointestinal distress.
Wound Healing and Anti-Arthritic Properties
The plant's efficacy extends to wound healing, where the ethanolic extract has been shown to improve recovery rates and enhance key parameters such as wound contraction rates and skin strength in preclinical models. Additionally, studies performed to assess anti-arthritic effects revealed that the methanol extract of Abutilon indicum significantly reduced paw volumes in arthritic rat models, illustrating its potential for managing joint-related inflammatory conditions. These activities suggest that the plant can offer holistic benefits for various health concerns beyond its traditional applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Abutilon indicum emerges as a vital medicinal plant with a diverse range of pharmacological uses. The extensive research on its antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-ulcer, wound healing, and anti-arthritic activities highlights its significance in alternative medicine systems like Ayurveda and Siddha. The potential use of different parts of the plant in clinical applications can provide value to society through improved health outcomes and support the exploration of herbal alternatives in modern medicine. Continued research into this plant may further clarify its role in therapeutic practices, paving the way for its integrative use in healthcare.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Abutilon indicum commonly known as?
Abutilon indicum is commonly known as Indian mallow, Thuthi in Siddha medicine, and Kanghi in Unani medicine.
What medicinal properties does Abutilon indicum possess?
Abutilon indicum has various medicinal properties including laxative, emollient, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and blood tonic.
What parts of Abutilon indicum are used medicinally?
The entire plant, including the bark, root, leaves, flowers, and seeds, are used for medicinal purposes.
How is the antioxidant activity of Abutilon indicum assessed?
Antioxidant activity is evaluated using methods like ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and oleic acid peroxidation.
What are the traditional uses of Abutilon indicum?
Traditional uses include treating ailments such as leprosy, urinary diseases, jaundice, piles, and wounds.
What are some key pharmacological activities of Abutilon indicum?
Key pharmacological activities include anti-arthritic, anti-ulcer, wound healing, and antipyretic effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review article on indian mallow plant”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the measurable effects that a substance, in this case, extracts from the Abutilon indicum plant, can produce in biological systems. This includes therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-ulcer activities, which are essential for validating the traditional medicinal uses of the plant.
2) Divya:
Divya is the name of the corresponding author of the review article on the Abutilon indicum plant. Researchers' names in academic articles establish credibility, allowing readers to track contributions to the field and recognize the efforts behind the studies conducted on the plant's medicinal properties.
3) Ulcer:
Ulcers are painful lesions that can occur on the skin or mucus membranes, including gastric ulcers. The review discusses the anti-ulcer properties of Abutilon indicum, reflecting its significant role in managing and treating such health issues.
4) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of the effects and mechanisms of drug action on biological systems. The review outlines various pharmacological activities of the Abutilon indicum plant, highlighting its significance in traditional and modern medicine as a source of therapeutic compounds.
5) Species:
Species denotes a group of closely related organisms that can interbreed. In the context of the review, Abutilon indicum is one species among many in the Abutilon genus, highlighting its unique characteristics and medicinal benefits compared to other species within the same family.
6) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. Abutilon indicum has been utilized in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Siddha, showcasing its importance in herbal treatments and the growing interest in alternative medicinal practices worldwide.
7) Indian:
Indian pertains to something originating from India, where Abutilon indicum is commonly found. The plant's traditional uses and cultural significance in India are pivotal to understanding its role in indigenous medicine and the development of herbal remedies in Indian health practices.
8) India:
India is the nation where Abutilon indicum is primarily located and utilized in various traditional medical practices. It represents a rich biodiversity and cultural history of medicinal plants, affirming the global importance of India in herbal medicine and botanical research.
9) Hair:
Hairs refer to the small, fine structures found on the surface of the Abutilon indicum plant. Their presence may influence the plant's physical attributes and contribute to the totality of compounds that may enhance its medicinal efficacy and interaction with the local ecosystem.
10) Drug:
Drug refers to a substance used for medical treatment, which can be derived from plants like Abutilon indicum. The review discusses various pharmacological activities of the plant, establishing it as a valuable source of chemical compounds that can be developed into medicinal drugs.
11) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid describes a class of plant secondary metabolites known for various biological activities. The presence of flavonoids in Abutilon indicum indicates potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, aligning with its traditional uses in alternative medicine and enhancing its therapeutic value.
12) Siddha:
Siddha refers to an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes natural healing through herbal treatments. Abutilon indicum's usage in Siddha medicine illustrates the importance of traditional practices in preserving knowledge about medicinal plants and their applications in health care.
13) Kanghi:
Kanghi is a vernacular name for Abutilon indicum in Unani medicine. It showcases the plant's recognition across different traditional healing systems, emphasizing its multifaceted uses and allowing for a broader understanding of its cultural and medicinal significance.
14) Taila (Thaila):
Taila translates to 'oil' in many Indian languages, often used in traditional formulations. The mention of formulations like Bala taila highlights how extracts from Abutilon indicum are utilized in ayurvedic treatments, emphasizing the plant's relevance in traditional medicine practices.
15) Bell:
Bell may refer to the bell-shaped flowers of some Abutilon species. This characteristic plays a role in the plant's identification and allure in horticulture, alongside its uses in traditional medicine, making it significant in both cultural and botanical contexts.
16) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in southern India where Abutilon indicum is indigenous. The geographical distribution of the plant is essential for understanding its traditional uses and the biodiversity it contributes to within the region's ecosystem and medicinal practices.
17) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language and is significant for its role in codifying traditional medicinal knowledge. The plant's names in Sanskrit, such as Atibala, reflect its cultural relevance and the depth of historical understanding surrounding its therapeutic properties.
18) Incision:
Incision refers to a surgical cut made in the body. In the context of the review, the significance of incision models used in wound healing studies illustrates the scientific approach to evaluating the therapeutic effects of Abutilon indicum's extracts.
19) Atibala:
Atibala is the Sanskrit name for Abutilon indicum, meaning 'very powerful'. This name emphasizes the plant's perceived strength and potency in traditional healing practices, denoting its cultural significance and medicinal efficacy in various treatments.
20) Surface:
Surface refers to the outer layer of the plant, which can influence its interactions with the environment. In studies of Abutilon indicum, the surface characteristics may contribute to its medicinal properties, impacting how extracts engage with biological systems.
21) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic rank in biological classification. Abutilon indicum is part of the Malvaceae family, linking it to other species within this group that may share similar phytochemical properties and potential health benefits, promoting further exploration of related plants.
22) Summer:
Summer indicates the growing season for many plants, including Abutilon indicum. This seasonal context is vital for understanding the plant's lifecycle, blooming period, and optimal harvesting times for medicinal use, highlighting its management in traditional herbal practices.
23) Tutti:
Thuthi is a regional name for Abutilon indicum used in Siddha medicine. This term emphasizes the plant's significance in local culture and health practices, showcasing the interplay between nomenclature, cultural heritage, and plant utilization.
24) Ghanta (Ghamta):
Ghanta translates to 'bell' in various Indian languages and can refer to the bell-like structure of Abutilon flowers. This descriptor enriches the plant's identity in regional culture and may influence its representation in herbal medicine.
25) Water:
Water is crucial for the growth and survival of any plant. For Abutilon indicum, understanding its water requirements helps optimize cultivation practices, ensuring robust plant health to maximize the extraction of its beneficial compounds for medicinal use.
26) Bala:
Bala is a term used in traditional medicine signifying strength, associated with the Abutilon indicum plant in formulations like Bala taila. This highlights the plant's role in enhancing vitality and vitality-related health applications within Ayurvedic practices.
27) Ghat (Gham):
Ghat refers to a series of steps leading to a water body, commonly mentioned in the context of traditional Indian medicine. While the term isn't directly linked to Abutilon indicum, it signifies the geographical and cultural significance of water in using medicinal plants.
28) Oil:
Oils denote the extracted essences from plants, such as those from Abutilon indicum. These oils often encapsulate therapeutic properties, which can be employed in various medicinal preparations, emphasizing their importance in both traditional and modern herbal practices.
29) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants. Abutilon indicum contains various phytochemicals responsible for its therapeutic activities, underscoring the scientific exploration of these compounds in relation to traditional medicine and health benefits.
30) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India that may harbor various species of Abutilon. Recognizing the states harboring these plants is crucial to understanding their ecological distribution, local uses, and the preservation of biodiversity in traditional medicinal practices.
31) Shitapushpa (Shita-pushpa, Sitapushpa, Sitapuspa):
Shitapushpa is a Sanskrit term referring to Abutilon indicum, portraying its cultural and traditional significance. Names like Shitapushpa highlight the plant’s role in folklore and medicinal practices, emphasizing the connection between language and herbal medicine.
32) Balataila (Bala-taila):
Bala-taila is a medicinal oil preparation derived from the Abutilon indicum plant, used in Ayurvedic medicine. The formulation signifies the practical applications of plant extracts, showcasing the integration of botany into cultural and health practices in India.
33) Science (Scientific):
Science denotes the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The review integrates scientific approaches to traditional knowledge about Abutilon indicum, solidifying the importance of research in validating its medicinal applications.
34) Bhuribala (Bhuri-bala):
Bhuribala is another Sanskrit name for Abutilon indicum. Such names convey the cultural heritage associated with the plant and denote its significance in Ayurveda, emphasizing the richness of terminology tied to its traditional uses.
35) Substance:
Substance refers to the chemical compounds found within Abutilon indicum responsible for its medicinal properties. Understanding the various substances within the plant’s extracts allows researchers to evaluate its health benefits and promote its usage in modern therapeutic contexts.
36) Assamese:
Assamese refers to the language and culture of Assam, India. The mention of the Assamese name for Abutilon indicum underscores the plant's widespread recognition and traditional usage across various Indian states, highlighting its diverse applications in regional herbal medicine.
37) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood due to injury or disease. Abutilon indicum possesses properties for treating bleeding piles and other hemorrhagic conditions, showcasing its relevance in addressing specific health concerns within traditional medicinal frameworks.
38) Tattered:
Tattered describes a frayed or worn appearance, which may address the visual characteristics of specific Abutilon species. This term may embody the natural aspect of medicinal plants and can relate to their uses in rustic folk medicine.
39) Disease:
Disease refers to a condition that impairs normal bodily functions. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of Abutilon indicum in treating various ailments, reaffirming its status as a medicinal plant in traditional practices.
40) Kannada:
Kannada is the language spoken in Karnataka, where Abutilon indicum is used in local medicinal practices. The inclusion of Kannada vernacular names emphasizes the cultural significance of the plant within that region and its integration into traditional healthcare.
41) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language and culture prevalent in West Bengal, India, where Abutilon indicum might also be known by local names. This broader cultural connection illustrates the plant's role in various regional traditional medicines, enhancing its importance in herbal treatments.
42) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The traditional use of Abutilon indicum for treating leprosy emphasizes its historical significance and the breadth of medicinal applications ascribed to various plants in folklore and herbal medicine.
43) Insect:
Insect refers to individual members of the arthropod class. Recognizing the role of insects is crucial for understanding plant ecology and potential pest interactions with Abutilon indicum, which can affect the plant's health and its medicinal benefits.
44) Balika:
Balika is another Sanskrit term for Abutilon indicum, contributing to the rich tapestry of nomenclature that highlights the plant’s cultural significance within various Indian traditional medicine systems and its revered role through historical contexts.
45) Kakahi:
Kakahi is a term attributed to Abutilon indicum in Unani medicine. This name reflects the interdisciplinary recognition of the plant and its therapeutic uses across different medical traditions, indicating its versatility and acceptance in various cultures.
46) Bitter:
Bitter refers to a taste sensation often associated with many medicinal plants, including Abutilon indicum. The presence of bitter components in the plant may denote its therapeutic qualities, as bitterness often corresponds with certain health benefits in traditional medicine.
47) Medium:
Medium refers to the average size or intensity of certain characteristics. For Abutilon indicum, descriptors like 'medium-sized shrub' aid in identifying the plant, providing essential information about its growth habit and environmental requirements for effective cultivation.
48) Thirst:
Thirst is a sensation triggered by dehydration. Abutilon indicum's application in relieving thirst connects its medicinal properties to practical health benefits, highlighting its importance in traditional medicine for addressing common physiological needs.
49) Tamil:
Tamil is the language spoken predominantly in Tamil Nadu, highlighting the cultural roots of Abutilon indicum's uses. The connection between language and traditional practice underscores the plant's local significance in herbal therapies within Tamil-speaking regions.
50) Balya:
Balya is a Sanskrit term meaning 'fit for consumption or nourishment.' This aligns with the medicinal properties of Abutilon indicum, denoting its traditional uses for promoting health and wellbeing in various Ayurvedic formulations.
51) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is one of the prominent languages spoken in India, emphasizing the linguistic diversity surrounding the nomenclature of Abutilon indicum. The plant’s names in Hindi showcase its recognition and medicinal significance across different cultural contexts in India.
52) Field:
Field refers to a domain of knowledge or study. The review emphasizes the importance of fields like ethnobotany and pharmacognosy that explore medicinal plants, including Abutilon indicum, blending traditional knowledge with scientific inquiry for future discoveries.
53) Blood:
Blood pertains to the vital fluid circulating in the body. The traditional use of Abutilon indicum to act as a blood tonic signifies its importance in promoting blood health and addressing conditions related to blood function and composition.
54) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation aimed at uncovering truths or details about a subject. The review itself is an academic study that consolidates knowledge about Abutilon indicum's properties, formulating a foundation for further research in both traditional and modern medicine.
55) Sida (Shida):
Sida refers to a genus of flowering plants, under which some species like Abutilon indicum are classified. It signifies the botanical classification that helps in understanding the relationships and characteristics shared among different plants within the same family.
56) Jute:
Jute is a fibrous plant used for making textiles. Mentioning the relationship of Abutilon species, like Abutilon indicum, with jute highlights the economic and practical significance of these plants beyond traditional medicine, extending to industrial applications.
57) Pune:
Pune is a city in Maharashtra, India, where individuals may have historically engaged with botanical studies and traditional medicines. It showcases urban areas where academic and practical knowledge about plants like Abutilon indicum may have been preserved and practiced.
58) Tree:
Tree generally refers to a large perennial plant. While Abutilon indicum is categorized as a shrub, discussing terminology like 'tree' contributes to understanding the variants in plant structure and the diversity of plant forms within traditional medicinal contexts.
59) Rich (Rch):
Rich describes fertile or abundant environments. The reference to rich soils for cultivating Abutilon indicum highlights the agricultural practices necessary for sustaining medicinal plants, emphasizing the ecosystem services that support herbal medicine.
60) Inci (Imci):
Inch references a measure of length or size. Specifications regarding the plant's dimensions, like the size of its leaves or flowers, enhance the plant's identification and provide context for its cultivation and usage in traditional medicine.
61) Soil:
Soil is the medium in which plants grow, and its characteristics significantly affect the growth of species like Abutilon indicum. Healthy, well-drained soil is crucial for maximizing the plant's yield and preserving its beneficial properties for medicinal uses.
62) Male:
Male refers to the sex of an organism. In traditional medicine, the use of Abutilon indicum to enhance male vitality signifies its cultural relevance in addressing gender-specific health issues, underlining the plant's traditional roles in enhancing certain masculine attributes.