Mild steel corrosion inhibition by Scoparia dulcis extract in acid.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Mild steel corrosion inhibition by aqueous leaves extract of scoparia dulcis in acid medium
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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B. Arifa Farzana and K. Riaz Ahamed
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Mild steel corrosion inhibition by aqueous leaves extract of scoparia dulcis in acid medium
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20181-10550
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Corrosion is an ongoing challenge that affects metal materials through chemical reactions with their environment. Particularly in industrial applications involving acids, the need for effective corrosion inhibitors is crucial. Conventional inhibitors often entail toxic substances that pose environmental hazards, which has spurred research into green corrosion inhibitors derived from organic sources. This study investigates the potential of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Scoparia dulcis as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in an acidic medium (1.0 N HCl), employing various analytical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Inhibition Mechanism of Scoparia dulcis Extract
The core concept of the research revolves around the inhibition efficiency of Scoparia dulcis extract, which showed promising results in reducing the corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic conditions. The study established that the inhibition efficiency increases along with the concentration of the plant extract. Mechanistically, it is believed that the extract's components interact with the surface of the metal, forming a protective barrier against corrosion. This interaction is characterized as a quasi-substitution process where water molecules on the metal surface are replaced by the active components of the inhibitor, leading to reduced corrosion rates.
Adsorption Isotherms
The study also focused on the adsorption characteristics of the Scoparia dulcis extract on the mild steel surface, employing various adsorption isotherms, including Langmuir and Temkin models. Results indicated that the adsorption conformed to the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting that the metal surface has a finite number of active sites for the inhibitor molecules. The free energy changes associated with adsorption were calculated, revealing both physical and chemical interactions at play. The applicability of the Temkin isotherm further supported the finding that the extract presented effective inhibitory actions through a strong adsorption process on the steel surface.
Comparative Effectiveness of Analytical Techniques
The research employed three different methods (weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS) for evaluating the performance of the Scoparia dulcis extract. The results from these methods illustrated a high degree of agreement, affirming the reliability of using diverse analytical approaches to assess inhibition efficiencies. For instance, the inhibition efficiencies recorded through weight loss measurements showed close similarities with those obtained from electrochemical techniques. This concordance emphasized the extract's superior capability as a corrosion inhibitor, even at varying concentrations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis emerges as a highly effective, eco-friendly inhibitor for mild steel in an acidic environment. The study confirmed that as the concentration of the inhibitor increases, so does its efficiency in mitigating corrosion. The adsorption mechanism involved was both physisorption and chemisorption, indicative of a strong interaction between the inhibitor and the metal surface. Overall, the findings suggest that Scoparia dulcis is a promising bio-based corrosion inhibitor that can potentially replace harmful synthetic counterparts in industrial applications, contributing to greener technologies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the aim of the study on Scoparia dulcis?
The study investigates the corrosion inhibition effect of aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis leaves on mild steel in acidic medium using various electrochemical techniques.
How was the extract of Scoparia dulcis prepared?
The leaves were shade dried, powdered, and then macerated with distilled water for 24 hours, followed by filtration to obtain the extract used for inhibition studies.
What methods were used to evaluate corrosion inhibition?
Corrosion inhibition was assessed through weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques.
How does the concentration of Scoparia dulcis extract affect inhibition?
Inhibition efficiency increases with higher concentrations of Scoparia dulcis extract, demonstrating its effective role as a corrosion inhibitor.
What are the main findings of the study regarding inhibition efficiency?
The findings confirm that Scoparia dulcis extract effectively inhibits corrosion, with efficiencies reaching up to 96.36% at higher concentrations.
Is Scoparia dulcis considered an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor?
Yes, Scoparia dulcis is viewed as an eco-friendly inhibitor since it is biodegradable and free from toxic heavy metals.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Mild steel corrosion inhibition by Scoparia dulcis extract in acid.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Table:
A table is a systematic arrangement of data, usually in rows and columns, intended to present information clearly for analysis. In scientific research, tables summarize experimental results, helping readers quickly understand key findings. They enhance comprehension and provide a structured format that facilitates comparison across different conditions or variables.
2) Surface:
Surfaces refer to the outer layers of materials where interactions occur, crucial in physical and chemical processes such as adhesion, corrosion, and catalysis. Understanding surface characteristics, such as roughness, chemical composition, and morphology, is essential in assessing how substances interact with materials, particularly in studies focused on corrosion inhibition.
3) Study (Studying):
Study in scientific research refers to a detailed investigation of a specific phenomenon or question, systematically collecting and analyzing data. A study aims to extract knowledge and insights through methods like experiments or surveys. This research might reveal patterns, correlations, or causal relationships, significantly contributing to advancing understanding in a particular field.
4) Medium:
Medium, in a scientific context, often denotes the environment or solution in which reactions occur or organisms live. For instance, in corrosion studies, an acid medium is critical because it determines the corrosive effect on mild steel. The nature of the medium affects reaction rates, solubility, and the overall efficacy of any inhibitors used.
5) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the singular act of determining the extent or magnitude of a variable, often resulting from the application of a specific technique or instrument. Accurate measurement is fundamental in research since it affects the reliability of data collected. Every scientific experiment relies on precise measurement to ensure valid conclusions.
6) Water:
Water is a fundamental solvent and reactant in chemistry and biology. In corrosion studies, water's presence can influence the rate of reactions, including the corrosion of metals. The study of aqueous solutions reveals interactions between solutes and substrates, impacting processes like adsorption. Water's role as a medium is crucial in many scientific investigations.
7) Species:
Species generally refer to distinct biological categories of organisms, sharing common characteristics and capable of interbreeding. In a broader context, the term can also denote different chemical compounds or groups. Understanding species, whether biological or chemical, is fundamental in research for identifying interactions, effects, and performance of substances under study.
8) Nature:
Nature encompasses the inherent characteristics, qualities, and behaviors of substances or phenomena. In scientific discussions, understanding the nature of materials (like corrosion inhibitors) helps researchers predict their behavior in various conditions. It also plays a role in establishing theoretical models that explain observations and assist in practical applications, including environmental impact and sustainability.
9) India:
India is a country known for its rich biodiversity and medicinal plant life, making it a significant area for research on natural products and their applications. In studies like those involving 'Scoparia dulcis', Indian biodiversity offers insights into effective yet eco-friendly solutions for challenges like corrosion, highlighting the potential of indigenous plants in technology.
10) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable refers to substances that can be decomposed naturally by microorganisms, resulting in minimal environmental impact. In corrosion studies, developing biodegradable inhibitors is significant as they provide eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals, reducing pollution and promoting sustainability. Such substances demonstrate a commitment to environmentally responsible practices in industrial and research applications.
11) Performance:
Performance in a scientific context often pertains to the efficacy or effectiveness of materials, processes, or systems under specific conditions. Evaluating performance involves analyzing parameters like efficiency, durability, and responsiveness, especially in studies focused on corrosion inhibitors or other protective agents, providing insights into their suitability for practical applications.
12) Discussion:
Discussion in scientific papers encompasses the interpretation of results within the context of existing literature. It addresses the implications of findings, explores potential limitations, and suggests areas for further research. This section is crucial for situating new knowledge within the broader field, facilitating scholarly dialogue, and advancing understanding of the subject matter.
13) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the principles, methods, and reasoning typical of empirical investigation, characterized by systematic experimentation and analysis. The scientific approach ensures that conclusions are drawn based on evidence, allowing the replication and verification of results. This term embodies the commitment to accuracy and objectivity essential in any research pursuit.
14) Substance:
Substance, often singular, refers to a specific type of matter with a defined chemical composition and distinct properties. In scientific research, identifying and characterizing substances is crucial for understanding their roles in reactions, such as corrosion processes. The implications of a substance's properties can greatly influence experimental outcomes and applicability in various fields.
15) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant properties and roles in plant defense. In corrosion studies, the presence of flavonoids in natural extracts may significantly impact the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors. Their ability to interact with metal surfaces offers potential eco-friendly solutions for mitigating corrosion in various applications.
16) Activity:
Activity in a scientific context often describes the effectiveness or potency of a substance in performing a desired action, such as inhibition in corrosion studies. This term is used to quantify the influence or action of different compounds under varying conditions, allowing for the comparison and evaluation of their impacts across multiple experiments.
17) Jasmine:
Jasmine is a genus of flowering plants whose extracts have been explored for various applications due to their chemical properties. In the context of corrosion inhibition, substances derived from jasmine may display inhibitory effects, showcasing their potential as eco-friendly alternatives. Investigating such plant extracts contributes to the field of green chemistry.
18) Family:
In biological classification, family refers to a group of related genera sharing common characteristics, forming part of a wider taxonomy. Understanding the family of a plant helps identify its properties and potential uses in various applications. In scientific research, knowing the family can guide the selection of materials for sustainability and efficacy.
19) Powder:
Powder refers to finely ground solid material, often used in various scientific applications. In corrosion studies, using powdered forms of materials such as plant extracts can enhance interaction rates and facilitate extraction of active components. Powders are essential in laboratory experiments as they can increase solubility and surface area, optimizing reactions.
20) Field:
Field often denotes a specific area of study or professional practice in science, encompassing various aspects of research and application. It can also refer to the practical environment where scientific principles are tested. Identifying and defining fields helps organize knowledge, allowing researchers to focus their investigations and contribute effectively to their domains.
21) Genu:
In a botanical context, genu may refer to the articulation or joint of a plant structure, often used in taxonomy or the description of specific characteristics. Understanding specific features defined by 'genu' aids botanists in classifying plants accurately, leading to better identification and potential exploration of their uses in scientific research.
22) Cult:
Cult typically refers to cultivation, indicating practices related to growing plants, especially in controlled environments. Cultivation is essential for studying plant properties, including the extraction of active compounds in research. Understanding cultivation techniques can enhance the yield and quality of plant materials, making them more effective for applications in fields like pharmacology.
23) Line:
Line often refers to a lineage or a series of connected elements in a scientific context. In research, establishing a line of inquiry or investigation can facilitate the exploration of specific hypotheses or frameworks, guiding experimental methodologies and helping to clarify relationships between variables and outcomes in different studies.
24) Viru:
Viru might refer to viruses or viral entities in a biological context. Understanding viral mechanisms is essential in various fields, including virology and epidemiology. Research on viruses can yield insights into pathogen behaviors, leading to better strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Identifying viral characteristics aids in developing effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions.