Formulation and evaluation of topical cream of piperine for vitiligo
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation and evaluation of topical cream of piperine for vitiligo
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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P. Satyendra, P. Arun, P. Shailendra, D. Neelesh and K. Neeraj
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Formulation and evaluation of topical cream of piperine for vitiligo
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20183-10831
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Vitiligo, also known as leukoderma, is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of pigment resulting in irregular white patches on the skin. The condition arises from the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. This research aimed to formulate a topical cream and ointment containing piperine, a bioactive compound derived from black pepper, intended to treat vitiligo by enhancing the drug's penetration into the skin while remaining localized in the dermal layers. The study explored various formulations and delivery methods, including conventional creams and ointments, as well as advanced nanocarrier systems known as phytosomes.
Piperine as an Antivitiligo Agent
Piperine's effectiveness as an antivitiligo agent was examined through comparative studies with its analogues, including tetrahydro piperine and cyclohexyl analogue. The researchers utilized animal models to assess the impacts of piperine and its derivatives on skin pigmentation following ultraviolet radiation exposure. The study confirmed that piperine could potentially enhance melanocyte proliferation, suggesting its viability as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in treating vitiligo. Moreover, the extraction and standardization of piperine were achieved through rigorous methods utilizing both soxhlation and reflux techniques, leading to its incorporation into topical formulations.
Formulation Development
The research involved crafting cream and ointment formulations containing a consistent concentration of piperine. For the cream formulation, ingredients like beeswax, lanolin, stearic acid, glycerol, and triethanolamine were blended at specific ratios. The ointment was created using a fusion method with hard paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, and wool fat. Through careful preparation, a cream with 1% piperine content was developed, demonstrating uniform drug content across samples—a crucial parameter for ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Evaluation of organoleptic properties and consistency confirmed the stability and quality of the formulations.
Phytosome Delivery System
The study further explored the fabrication of phytosome complexes, which are phospholipid-drug complexes designed to enhance bioavailability. The researchers investigated varying ratios of piperine and phosphatidyl choline, leading to the formulation of three phytosomal creams. Evaluations revealed that these phytosome formulations exhibited favorable drug release profiles, characterized by their ability to improve tissue retention in the dermal layers compared to conventional formulations. The intrinsic properties of the phytosomes facilitated enhanced penetration and bioavailability of piperine, establishing their potential superiority as a delivery system.
Conclusion
This research provided a comprehensive investigation into the formulation and evaluation of piperine-based topical preparations for vitiligo treatment. The findings underscore the significance of piperine in promoting melanocyte proliferation and its potential as a therapeutic agent against vitiligo. The innovative use of phytosomes has shown promise in enhancing the bioavailability and tissue retention of piperine, indicating a step forward in developing effective topical therapies for skin diseases. Such advancements are particularly vital against the backdrop of vitiligo's widespread impact on individuals, collectively emphasizing the need for effective and accessible treatments.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of the study on piperine?
The study aimed to develop a topical cream for treating vitiligo using piperine as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, enhancing its bioavailability in the skin without systemic circulation.
What is vitiligo and how does it affect the skin?
Vitiligo, or leukoderma, is a chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment, leading to irregular pale patches due to the destruction of melanocytes by the body's immune system.
What methods were used to extract and standardize piperine?
Piperine was isolated using Soxhlet and reflux extraction methods and subsequently purified through recrystallization from acetone.
What are the key ingredients in the topical cream formulation?
The cream formulation includes beeswax, lanolin, stearic acid, piperine, glycerine, water, and triethanolamine, maintaining a temperature of 60°C during preparation.
How was the bioavailability of piperine evaluated in the study?
The study evaluated drug retention and permeation in skin tissue and compared the effectiveness of formulations with and without additional permeation enhancers like urea.
What are phytosomes and their significance in the study?
Phytosomes are complexes formed by phospholipids and phyto-constituents, enhancing the skin retention of piperine and leading to improved topical efficacy compared to standard formulations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation and evaluation of topical cream of piperine for vitiligo”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
'Drugs' refer to substances used for medical treatment, and in this context, piperine represents a potential new therapeutic agent for vitiligo. The study focuses on the formulation of piperine into creams and ointments, aiming to enhance treatment options available for patients suffering from this condition.
2) Water:
Water is a vital solvent used in the formulation of creams and ointments, acting as a medium for dissolving other ingredients. In the study, water supports bioavailability and helps deliver piperine to the skin layers. Additionally, it is essential for hydration and stability in topical preparations.
3) Table:
In scientific research, a 'table' refers to a systematic arrangement of data, often used to present findings clearly and concisely. In this paper, tables were employed to showcase drug release kinetics, globule size, and other results, aiding readers in understanding complex data at a glance.
4) Discussion:
The 'discussion' section is a critical component of research papers where authors interpret results and relate them to existing knowledge. This segment in the study evaluates the efficacy of piperine formulations, comparing findings with previous studies and highlighting the implications for vitiligo treatment.
5) Sagar (Sagár):
Sagar, a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, is relevant to the study as it is mentioned as a location where certain chemicals were sourced. The geographical context provides insight into local resources and potential collaborations with institutions and suppliers for pharmaceutical ingredient procurement.
6) Developing:
'Developing' indicates the process of creating or formulating new products or medications. In this study, developing refers specifically to the process of formulating topical creams using piperine as an active ingredient aimed at treating vitiligo, reflecting a systematic approach to innovation in pharmaceutical preparations.
7) Disease:
A 'disease' is an abnormal condition affecting bodily functions. In the context of this research, vitiligo is the disease being addressed. Understanding its pathophysiology is essential for developing effective treatments, as the study proposes topical formulations to manage this skin condition and enhance patient quality of life.
8) Nature:
'Nature' often refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of something. In this research, it may relate to the natural characteristics of piperine as a bioactive compound found in black pepper. Recognizing the natural properties of ingredients is crucial for developing effective and safe pharmaceutical products.
9) Shri (Sri, Sr):
'Shri' is a title of respect used in Indian culture, often preceding names to convey honor. In the study, it is likely included as part of the institutional title or authors' names, reflecting cultural norms in academic presentations and the collaboration of esteemed individuals in research.
10) Shailendra (Sailendra, Shaila-indra, Shailemdra):
Shailendra is likely one of the authors of the study. The inclusion of author's names emphasizes credibility and accountability in research. Each author contributes to the scientific process, indicating collaboration and teamwork essential for rigorous investigations into the formulation and evaluation of pharmaceutical products.
11) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
To 'transform' means to change in form, appearance, or structure. In the study, transformation may refer to the physical alteration of piperine during the formulation process. Transformations are vital for improving the solubility and bioavailability of active compounds in topical preparations, providing better therapeutic outcomes.
12) Jabalpur:
Jabalpur is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, mentioned in the study as the location of the Faculty of Pharmacy where key research activities occurred. Its geographical mention underscores local academic contributions, resources, and the institutional framework that supports research on pharmaceutical formulations.
13) Activity:
'Activity' in pharmacological terms usually pertains to the efficacy or biological effects of a substance. In this study, it refers to the antivitiligo activity of piperine, emphasizing the intention to evaluate how well the formulation achieves its therapeutic goals in treating skin conditions.
14) Quality:
'Quality' refers to the standard or degree of excellence of products or services. This study discusses the importance of quality in the formulation of creams and ointments, ensuring that the final product is effective, safe, and stable for patient use, aligning with regulatory standards.
15) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in India known for its rich biodiversity, which includes the sourcing of natural ingredients such as piperine used in the study. The mention of Kerala highlights the geographical context for harvesting high-quality herbal materials crucial for pharmaceutical research and development.
16) India:
India is the country where the study takes place. The mention encompasses the local context of research, the pharmaceutical industry, cultural traditions concerning medicine, and the socio-economic factors influencing health conditions like vitiligo, thus forming a holistic view of the study's relevance.
17) Glass:
In scientific research, 'glass' often refers to laboratory glassware used for conducting experiments. Glass containers and tools are essential for precision and safety in handling chemical substances during the extraction and formulation processes outlined in the research, highlighting the importance of proper laboratory equipment.
18) Blood:
'Blood' is vital for physiological function and is often mentioned in autoimmune disease contexts. In this study, it underscores the immune response involved in vitiligo, where white blood cells reduce pigment production. Understanding blood-related mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions aimed at autoimmune diseases.
19) Study (Studying):
A 'study' denotes a structured investigation to explore specific hypotheses or questions. This research focuses on the formulation and evaluation of piperine-based topical treatments for vitiligo, elucidating the methodology, results, and implications for future treatments, contributing to overall scientific knowledge in dermatology.
20) Cina:
China may be referenced in the context of sourcing certain pharmaceutical ingredients or drawing parallels in research methodologies. The mention reflects the global landscape of the pharmaceutical industry where many ingredients can be obtained, indicating the relevance of international collaborations in research and development.
21) Wool:
'Wool' often refers to a type of fiber obtained from sheep, used in various contexts, including pharmaceutical formulations. In this research, it pertains to 'wool fat,' a key ingredient used in ointment formulations that provides emollient properties and enhances the skin's texture and hydration.
22) Dish (Dis):
'Dish' refers to a container used for preparing or holding food or other substances. In a laboratory context, a 'china dish' is often used for heating materials during formulations. The specific mention indicates the technique employed in compounding pharmaceutical preparations, enhancing precision and control during the process.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulation and evaluation of topical cream of piperine for vitiligo’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Bioavailability, Organoleptic character, Autoimmune disorder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Stratum corneum, Chronic skin disease, Melanocyte.