Antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against dental isolates.

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Determination of antimicrobial activity of herbal plant extracts against oral and pathogenic dental isolates and their phytochemical analysis using gc-ms
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Malay Shah and Sayali D. Shelar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Determination of antimicrobial activity of herbal plant extracts against oral and pathogenic dental isolates and their phytochemical analysis using gc-ms

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20184-10783

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The increasing preference for natural over synthetic oral health products has highlighted the importance of herbal plant extracts as alternatives to chemical agents. This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities of herbal extracts from Piper betle (betel leaf), Glycyrrhiza glabra (yashtimadhu), and Acacia catechu (khadir) against various oral and pathogenic dental isolates. By employing Soxhlet extraction and analyzing the bioactive components through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the research aims to substantiate the medicinal properties of these plants and their potential applications in formulating safe oral care products.

Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts

The study reveals that 70% ethanolic extract of betel leaf exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against a range of oral pathogens, outperforming both its aqueous extract and the equivalents from yashtimadhu and khadir. Specifically, the ethnolic extract showcased pronounced inhibition against Streptococcus salivarius, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, with efficacy nearly matching that of the standard antibiotic ampicillin. Additional tests demonstrated minimal antimicrobial effects from commercially available mouthwashes such as Colgate Plax and Listerine, underscoring the potential of herbal extracts in oral hygiene maintenance.

Phytochemical Analysis of Betel Leaf

Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the 70% ethanolic extract of betel leaves indicated the presence of various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, which are known for their health benefits. The GC-MS analysis identified key compounds such as Benzoic acid, 2,3-dimethyl, and 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene, which possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The identification of these substances highlights the medicinal potential of betel leaves and affirms their inclusion in formulations aimed at improving oral health.

Comparative Efficacy Against Conventional Products

In comparing herbal extracts to conventional mouthwashes, the findings demonstrate that herbal solutions, particularly the betel leaf extract, provide a more robust antimicrobial effect. The study found that Colgate Plax and Listerine offered negligible antibacterial properties against the surveyed oral isolates. This observation accentuates the efficacy of herbal extracts in combatting oral pathogens, thereby suggesting that natural products may serve as viable substitutes for commercial oral hygiene products.

Conclusion

This investigation into the antimicrobial properties of herbal extracts indicates a promising potential for betel leaves, yashtimadhu, and khadir in the development of effective oral care products. The successful extraction and identification of bioactive compounds signal an opportunity for creating herbal mouthwashes that could enhance dental health with minimal side effects. Further research is warranted to isolate and purify these active compounds and to evaluate their long-term benefits in clinical applications, possibly revolutionizing the landscape of oral hygiene practices through natural remedies.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What herbal plants were studied for their antimicrobial properties?

The study focused on the antimicrobial properties of Acacia catechu (Khadir), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashtimadhu), and Piper betel (Betel leaf) against oral dental isolates.

What extraction method was used for the plant samples?

The Soxhlet extraction method was employed, using 70% ethanol and distilled water to extract bioactive components from the selected herbal plants.

How was the antimicrobial activity tested in the study?

The antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method, where plant extracts were introduced into wells on agar plates inoculated with oral isolates.

Which extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity?

The 70% ethanolic extract of betel leaf exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity compared to other plant extracts and some standard antibiotics.

What were the main findings regarding commercially available mouthwashes?

Colgate Plax showed very low antimicrobial activity, while Listerine demonstrated no significant antimicrobial activity against the oral isolates tested.

What components were identified via GC-MS in betel leaf extract?

The GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive compounds, including Benzoic acid, 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene, and Methyl hydrogen disulfide, known for their antimicrobial properties.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against dental isolates.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' in this context refers to the biological effectiveness of herbal extracts, particularly their antimicrobial properties against various pathogens. Understanding the activity of these extracts is crucial for evaluating their potential in developing safe and effective oral care products, enhancing public health by reducing dental issues.

2) Betel leaf:
Betel leaf, known scientifically as Piper betle, is highlighted in the study for its significant antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. This herbal plant is valued for its traditional use in oral hygiene and potential to serve as a natural alternative to synthetic mouthwashes and dental products.

3) Sah:
Malay Shah is one of the authors of the study, indicating his involvement in research related to herbal extracts and their application in dental health. His contribution enhances the credibility of the findings and showcases the academic commitment to exploring alternative medicine through scientific investigation.

4) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study emphasizes the identification and analysis of phytochemicals in herbal extracts, particularly their role in exhibiting antimicrobial activity, which can lead to safer, more effective oral care products.

5) Yashtimadhu (Yastimadhu, Yashti-madhu):
Yashtimadhu, or Glycyrrhiza glabra, is another herbal plant studied for its antimicrobial properties. Its inclusion in the research underscores the importance of various traditional herbs in oral health maintenance, suggesting that they may enhance therapeutic outcomes when incorporated into dental hygiene products.

6) Line:
The term 'Line' likely refers to the arrangement of data or organisms used in the study, particularly when discussing methods or presenting results. It suggests a systematic organization of information, which is essential for clarity and understanding in scientific reporting and presentations.

7) Study (Studying):
Studying pertains to the rigorous examination and analysis of herbal extracts to evaluate their efficacy against oral pathogens. This process is essential in scientifically validating the use of traditional remedies in modern dental care.

8) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals identified in the qualitative analysis of the betel leaf extract. Known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, flavonoids play a vital role in enhancing the health-promoting benefits of herbal medicines, making them a focal point in developing effective oral care products.

9) Aureus:
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium included in the antimicrobial testing of the study. Its presence highlights the need for effective antimicrobial agents, particularly those derived from natural sources, to combat common pathogenic infections that can affect oral health.

10) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The anti-bacterial property signifies substances that inhibit bacterial growth. The study's primary objective centers on identifying herbal extracts with strong anti-bacterial properties, which is crucial for developing new oral health products that can effectively combat harmful oral pathogens.

11) Water:
Water is a solvent used for extracting bioactive compounds from herbal plants in the study. Its role in the extraction process illustrates the importance of solvent choice in determining the efficacy of the extracted compounds and can influence their resulting antimicrobial activity.

12) Table:
In the context of research, a 'Table' typically organizes data and results for clarity. This study likely employs tables to present findings on antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening, and organism identification, making complex information more accessible and easier to compare.

13) Cleansing:
Cleansing refers to the act of removing dirt, bacteria, or impurities, particularly in oral hygiene. The study explores how herbal extracts can aid in effective cleansing, providing an alternative to synthetic agents commonly found in mouthwashes and toothpaste.

14) Disease:
Diseases refer to the various health conditions associated with oral health problems, including infections and decay. The study aims to provide insights into preventing such diseases using herbal extracts with promising antimicrobial activities, contributing to overall health improvements.

15) Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as Yashtimadhu or Licorice, is an herbal plant noted in the study for its medicinal properties. Its inclusion underscores the relevance of traditional healing practices and the potential for enhancing oral care through its antimicrobial effects.

16) Medicine:
Medicines are substances used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent diseases. The study focuses on evaluating herbal plants as potential medicines for promoting oral health, emphasizing the shift towards natural remedies in dental care practices due to their efficacy and safety.

17) Acacia catechu:
Acacia catechu, referred to as Khadir, is a tree whose bark is utilized for its medicinal properties in the study. It is of interest due to its potential antibacterial effects, reinforcing the value of traditional plants in preventing oral diseases.

18) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India, signifying the geographical context of the study. The research conducted in this region emphasizes local herbal practices and the application of traditional knowledge in addressing oral health issues prevalent among its population.

19) Education:
Education in this context relates to the dissemination of knowledge through the study about the benefits and applications of herbal extracts. The authors aim to educate the public and dental professionals about alternative methods for maintaining oral health using natural products.

20) Commerce:
Commerce pertains to the exchange of goods and services that, in this context, may reflect the market potential for herbal dental care products. The findings could influence commercial considerations regarding natural alternatives to conventional oral health products.

21) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene refers to practices that promote health and prevent disease. The study stresses the importance of maintaining oral hygiene using natural products, reinforcing the idea that effective products can be developed from herbal extracts to enhance dental care.

22) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions. This study embodies the scientific approach to exploring and validating the efficacy of herbal extracts for medical and dental applications.

23) Gelatin:
Gelatin may refer to a substance used in the context of test methods within the study. It highlights the need for specific methodologies and materials when conducting experimental research, particularly in assessing the effectiveness of various dental care approaches.

24) Sindhi (Sindh, Shindhi):
Sindhi refers to the community or cultural group, possibly signifying the local focus of the study. The research may emphasize traditional practices of specific communities in using herbal remedies for oral health, promoting cultural relevance in scientific exploration.

25) Nature:
Nature in this study reflects the natural origin of the herbal extracts being analyzed. The emphasis on nature signifies the pursuit of non-synthetic solutions in promoting health, aligning with growing trends toward natural products over chemically formulated alternatives.

26) Medium:
Medium refers to the environment or substance in which biological samples are cultivated or tested. In this study, various media are used to facilitate the growth of oral pathogens, allowing for effective antimicrobial testing of various herbal extracts.

27) India:
India's mention as the geographical focus of the study indicates the cultural and traditional context in which herbal remedies are utilized. The research aims to highlight the potential of indigenous plants for improving oral care and promoting health within the Indian population.

28) Sugar:
Sugar, particularly in a dental context, relates to its role in dental health issues like cavities. The study underscores the need for effective antimicrobial agents to combat issues associated with sugar consumption, reinforcing the importance of preventive oral care.

29) Ulcer:
Ulcers represent oral health problems that can arise from infections. The study highlights the importance of using effective treatments derived from herbal extracts to address ulcers, which can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and oral health.

30) Food:
Food is integral to discussions around oral health, particularly regarding the consumption of sugar and its impact on dental hygiene. The study explores natural alternatives that can mitigate food-related oral health issues, providing insight into diet's role in dental care strategies.

31) Pan (Panne):
Paan, made from betel leaf, is a traditional preparation in some cultures. Its mention indicates the cultural relevance of the betel plant and suggests the study may explore both contemporary and traditional practices in promoting oral health through herbal means.

32) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula is another herbal plant of interest in oral health. Its mention reinforces the variety of herbal remedies examined in the study, promoting broader awareness of traditional plants that can support dental health and hygiene.

33) Ocimum sanctum:
Ocimum sanctum, known as Tulsi, is recognized for its numerous health benefits. This plant's potential use in oral care emphasizes the rich diversity of herbal products available for addressing common dental issues and promotes traditional knowledge in modern healthcare.

34) Observation:
Observation refers to the act of noting and recording scientific data during experiments. This aspect is crucial in research, as it ensures accuracy and reliability of findings when assessing the efficacy of herbal extracts against oral pathogens in the study.

35) Discussion:
Discussion signifies the analytical phase of the research where results are interpreted. It allows the authors to contextualize their findings within existing literature, evaluate the implications of their results, and propose future directions for research in herbal medicine.

36) Developing:
Developing relates to the process of creating new herbal-based products for oral care. The study focuses on developing formulations that utilize herbal extracts, indicating innovation in dental hygiene practices toward safer, more effective solutions for the public.

37) Irritation:
Irritation refers to the adverse reactions often caused by chemical agents in conventional dental products. The study aims to highlight the benefits of herbal extracts, which may provide sufficient oral care without contributing to irritation or other side effects associated with synthetic alternatives.

38) Inference:
Inference pertains to the conclusions drawn from data observed in the study. This logical reasoning process is essential in understanding the efficacy of herbal extracts, guiding future research and applications in oral healthcare based on previous findings.

39) Substance:
Substance in this context refers to the herbal extracts being analyzed for their medicinal properties. The study focuses on evaluating the various substances derived from plants, aiming to identify those that demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.

40) Suffering:
Suffering relates to the negative impact of dental diseases on individuals. The study underscores the need for effective treatments to alleviate this suffering through herbal solutions, reinforcing the importance of promoting health and well-being within communities.

41) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda encompasses traditional Indian medicine that often utilizes herbal remedies for treating various ailments. The study's reliance on traditional knowledge emphasizes the potential for integrating Ayurvedic principles into modern healthcare practices, particularly in dentistry.

42) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala, a compound herbal preparation consisting of three fruits, is mentioned to illustrate the variety of traditional remedies available for oral health. Its inclusion signifies the ongoing relevance of ancient wisdom in addressing contemporary health challenges within oral care.

43) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a potential side effect of many chemical mouthwashes. The study aims to highlight herbal alternatives to prevent such adverse reactions, reinforcing the importance of safety in oral care practices and the need for naturally derived products.

44) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to a common oral health issue often indicative of gum disease. The study focuses on identifying effective herbal treatments that can address bleeding gums and promote overall dental health without adverse effects commonly associated with chemical agents.

45) Surface:
Surface refers to the physical areas in the oral cavity relevant to dental hygiene. Products designed for these surfaces focus on reducing microbial load and enhancing cleanliness, which is a key concern that the study aims to address through herbal extracts.

46) Lakshmi (Laksmi):
Lakshmi may refer to the author or a contributing researcher in the study. The inclusion of multiple researchers indicates a collaborative effort in exploring the potential of herbal extracts for improving oral health, enriching the study's scope and credibility.

47) Habitat:
Habitat here refers to the environment of the oral cavity, which supports the growth of various microorganisms. Understanding this habitat is essential for developing effective antimicrobial treatments to manage and maintain oral health.

48) Emerald:
Emerald might reference emerald green color observed in the tests for the identification of certain phytochemicals in plants, indicating the presence of specific active compounds. Such colors can signify bioactive properties important for the study's findings.

49) Species:
Species relates to the classification of organisms studied in the context of oral pathogens. Identifying and understanding different species is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of herbal extracts against specific bacteria in the research.

50) Family:
Family in this context may indicate the classification of certain plants used in the study. Understanding the family of herbal plants provides insight into their collective characteristics and potential medicinal properties relevant for oral health.

51) Cancer:
Cancer refers to severe health conditions that can affect oral tissues. In context, it underscores the importance of preventive care measures, with the study focusing on natural products that may provide protective benefits against oral and systemic diseases.

52) Gold (Golden):
Golden may refer to the distinctive coloration observed in particular tests related to phytochemical identification in the study. It signifies the qualitative outcomes that help establish the presence of specific bioactive compounds from herbal extracts.

53) Filling (Filled):
Filled may refer to the preparation processes used in the study, such as filling samples into containers for analysis. Proper handling and preparation of herbal extracts are crucial to ensure accurate results in assessing antimicrobial activities.

54) Patil:
Patil likely refers to a researcher or contributor to the study. Their involvement adds credibility and a collaborative element to the research, emphasizing the importance of diverse expertise in exploring herbal solutions for dental health.

55) Blood:
Blood may refer to the systemic implications of oral health problems, such as bleeding gums. The study's focus on addressing these conditions underscores the importance of maintaining overall health through effective oral care practices.

56) Genu:
Genu may refer to the anatomical aspects relevant to the study, particularly concerning oral health structures. Understanding such details can enhance the research's applicability in addressing specific dental problems associated with different oral regions.

57) Drug:
Drug signifies substances utilized for medical treatment, particularly in the context of oral health. This study advocates for the exploration of herbal extracts as potential drugs, emphasizing their natural origins and reduced side effects compared to traditional synthetic medications.

58) Amla:
Amla, known for its rich vitamin C content and health benefits, is mentioned alongside other herbal plants in the study. Its inclusion reinforces the focus on traditional remedies that are both celebrated in culture and supported by research for promoting health.

59) Neem:
Neem, known scientifically as Azadirachta indica, is an important medicinal plant included in the discussion. Its renowned antibacterial properties further support the study's advocacy for herbal alternatives in oral care, enhancing the overall approach towards maintaining oral hygiene.

60) Rich (Rch):
Rich pertains to the abundant presence of bioactive compounds in herbal extracts. The study highlights the richness of these compounds in promoting antimicrobial activity, showcasing the valuable potential of various herbs in developing effective oral care solutions.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against dental isolates.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial activity, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Qualitative phytochemical analysis, Soxhlet extraction, Oral microflora, GC-MS analysis, Streptococcus salivarius, Bioactive component, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, T1, Herbal plant extract.

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