Review article on fundamental principles of fracture (bhagna) in ayurveda

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Review article on fundamental principles of fracture (bhagna) in ayurveda
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Arati Gajanan Sadabal and Dr. S. V. Annapure


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Review article on fundamental principles of fracture (bhagna) in ayurveda

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20186-11511

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The management of fractures, referred to as 'Bhagna' in Ayurveda, is a well-documented aspect of traditional Indian medicine. Dr. Arati Gajanan Sadabal and Dr. S. V. Annapure explore the principles of fracture management as articulated by Acharya Sushruta, emphasizing their significance in modern contexts. While the contemporary medical field excels in treating fractures, Ayurvedic principles such as first aid, reduction, immobilization, and physiotherapy still hold great relevance. This review aims to correlate Ayurvedic concepts of fracture management with contemporary medical understanding, outlining the comprehensive approach to addressing fractures and related conditions.

Bhagna Sthapana (Reduction)

One of the critical steps in Ayurvedic fracture management is 'Bhagna Sthapana', which refers to the reduction of fractured bone fragments. This process is essential when dealing with unstable fractures where the alignment of bone ends must be restored. According to Sushruta Samhita, two primary techniques for closed manipulation are emphasized: Anchana (traction) and Peedana (pressure). In Anchana, traction is applied to correct the displacement of fractured fragments, while Peedana involves gentle pressure to bring the fragments into alignment. This foundational approach ensures that the fractured ends are properly approximated and aligned for optimal healing.

Bhagna Sthirika (Immobilization)

The second fundamental principle outlined in Ayurvedic treatment is 'Bhagna Sthirika', or immobilization. Effective immobilization prevents movements that could interfere with the healing process, thereby safeguarding against re-displacement or the development of angulations in the fracture site. Various bandaging techniques are detailed, including Kosa (sheath), Dama (long roll), and Swastika (cross-like), among others, tailored for different parts of the body. One noteworthy application mentioned is 'Panka Pradeha', which involves using mud around the fracture site, potentially akin to the plaster of Paris used in modern practice. This immobilization technique is vital for ensuring proper union of the fractured bone.

Karmavarthana/Sukhcheshtprasara (Rehabilitation)

Following successful reduction and immobilization, 'Karmavarthana' or 'Sukhcheshtprasara' pertains to rehabilitation. The aim is to restore function and reduce disability following a fracture. Sushruta encouraged gradual weight-bearing exercises to aid recovery, emphasizing the importance of progressive rehabilitation. Proper physiotherapy is also highlighted, where gentle massage with specific oils promotes blood circulation and restores movement after immobilization. This holistic approach to rehabilitation underscores the ancient understanding of the need for functional recovery in patients who have suffered bone injuries.

Conclusion

The principles of fracture management in Ayurveda, particularly as described by Sushruta, remain remarkably relevant and effective in today's medical practices. The systematic approach to reducing fractures, ensuring immobilization, and focusing on rehabilitation illustrates the depth of Ayurvedic knowledge. While modern medicine may offer advanced surgical techniques, the foundational principles established in ancient texts provide invaluable guidelines for treating skeletal injuries. These enduring practices serve not only to facilitate healing but also to enrich the contemporary understanding of orthopedic care. The continued application and adaptation of these principles highlight the timeless nature of Ayurvedic orthopedics.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the Ayurvedic term for fracture and its meaning?

The Ayurvedic term for fracture is 'Bhagna', derived from 'bhanj dhatu' meaning to break. It refers to both complete breaks and incomplete cracks in the continuity of a bone.

What are the common causes of fractures according to Ayurveda?

Common causes of fractures include falls, violent pressure, strong blows, and bites from wild animals. Additionally, conditions like asthi kshaya and majja kshaya can lead to pathological fractures.

What are the key management principles for fractures in Ayurveda?

Key management principles include Sthapana (reduction), Sthirika (immobilization), and Sukhcheshtprasara (rehabilitation). These ensure proper alignment, minimize movement during healing, and assist in regaining function.

How is rehabilitation approached in Ayurvedic fracture treatment?

Rehabilitation aims to reduce disabilities and restore function. Patients are gradually introduced to weight-bearing activities and gentle massages with oils to enhance circulation and movement post-healing.

What dietary recommendations are suggested for fracture healing in Ayurveda?

Patients are advised to consume a nutritious diet rich in properties that promote healing, including rice, meat soup, milk, ghee, and other nourishing foods that support recovery.

How relevant are Sushruta's principles of fracture management today?

Sushruta's principles remain relevant and effective today. Modern medicine acknowledges techniques like alignment, immobilization, and rehabilitation as fundamental aspects of fracture care.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review article on fundamental principles of fracture (bhagna) in ayurveda”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Bhagna:
Bhagna refers to fractures in Ayurveda. It encompasses the understanding of their etiology, classification, and management techniques. Traditionally significant in trauma treatment, 'Bhagna' represents both physical injury and the methods to address such incidents, underlining its importance in ancient Indian medical practices.

2) Pain:
Pain is a cardinal symptom associated with fractures (Bhagna). It impacts the patient's quality of life and the functionalities of the affected area. Effective management of pain is essential in Ayurveda, addressing physical discomfort through both local treatments and holistic approaches, including herbal remedies and therapies.

3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient holistic healing system from India that integrates medical knowledge with lifestyle practices. It emphasizes balance within the body and environment, providing comprehensive treatment methods, including the management of fractures. Ayurvedic principles promote natural healing through diet, herbal medicines, and therapeutic practices.

4) Swelling:
Swelling is a prominent sign in cases of Bhagna, signaling inflammation and tissue damage due to injury. It often requires careful management in Ayurveda, as understanding the causes and responses to swelling guides the treatment process, aiming to restore normal function and promote healing.

5) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the natural world, including human physiology and injury management. In the context of Ayurveda and Bhagna, the scientific method may enhance understanding of traditional treatments. Integrating modern science with ancient wisdom can lead to more effective healthcare solutions.

6) Hand:
Hands, often affected by fractures due to frequent injury risk, require specialized attention in Ayurveda. Through diagnosis and treatment, practitioners aim to restore function, emphasizing the importance of hand rehabilitation post-injury for preserving quality of life.

7) Bandha (Bamdha):
Bandha refers to the immobilization techniques used in Ayurveda to support and stabilize fractured bones. Effective bandaging prevents movement that could disrupt healing, emphasizing the importance of securing the injured area with appropriate types of bandages tailored to the fracture's nature and location.

8) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi denotes bones in Ayurveda. Understanding Asthi is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions related to skeletal systems, such as fractures (Bhagna). Ayurvedic texts provide insights into the health, structure, and healing processes of bones, advocating natural remedies for their sustenance.

9) Diet:
Diet plays a pivotal role in the healing process of fractures in Ayurveda. A balanced and nutritious diet is essential for recovery, replenishing the body's needs. Specific food items like rice, ghee, and meat soup are recommended to enhance healing, strength, and nourishment.

10) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta-samhita is an ancient Ayurvedic text attributed to Sushruta, often viewed as the father of surgery. It contains detailed descriptions of surgical techniques, including fracture management (Bhagna). The text establishes foundational knowledge for practitioners seeking to understand trauma care and orthopedic principles.

11) Knowledge:
Knowledge in the context of Ayurveda encompasses understanding principles, treatments, and the holistic approach to healthcare. It includes awareness of the body's functions, the intricacies of fractures, and the methods available for healing and rehabilitation, highlighting the call for skilled practitioners in this field.

12) Sandhana (Samdhana):
Sandhana refers to the healing process of fractures in Ayurveda. The term embodies the essence of recovery and restoration post-injury. Sandhana encompasses dietary recommendations, therapies, and lifestyle modifications that collectively facilitate the union of fractured bones and return to full function.

13) Sthapana:
Sthapana translates to reduction, a crucial step in fracture management (Bhagna) involving realigning broken bone ends. Proper Sthapana ensures that fractures heal effectively without complications, emphasizing the need for skilled practitioners who can perform this technique safely and accurately.

14) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient texts in Ayurveda and Indian medicine. These compendiums, like Sushruta-samhita, provide essential knowledge on medical practices, illustrating treatments for various conditions including fractures (Bhagna). They serve as crucial references for practitioners to guide their clinical approaches.

15) Prahara:
Prahara signifies trauma or a strong blow, a primary cause of fractures in Ayurveda. Understanding the mechanisms of Prahara is essential for identifying injuries and implementing suitable treatment plans, as different traumas may lead to varying types of fractures requiring specific management strategies.

16) Surface:
Surface refers to the external part of bones affected by fractures (Bhagna). The nature of surface damage provides insights into the type and severity of the fracture, leading to tailored treatment strategies in Ayurveda. Understanding surface conditions aids in assessing the likelihood of healing and complications.

17) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya denotes depletion or deterioration, particularly applicable to bone health in Ayurveda. It's essential in understanding conditions leading to pathological fractures. Identification of Kshaya helps practitioners determine appropriate treatments, focusing on restoring strength and health to the compromised skeletal structures.

18) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya refers to surgical intervention in Ayurveda. It encompasses a broad spectrum of surgical practices, including treatments for fractures (Bhagna). The significance of Shalya lies in its integration with holistic care, addressing both surgical precision and overall patient well-being in recovery processes.

19) Arati:
Arati is the name of the lead author of the reviewed article on fracture management in Ayurveda. By contributing research and knowledge, Arati engages in advancing the understanding of traditional practices and their relevance in contemporary medical contexts, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and modern science.

20) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, an ancient medical system that integrates holistic principles with natural healing practices. The country's rich historical context provides a vast repository of knowledge regarding trauma and fracture management (Bhagna), influencing healthcare practices both regionally and globally.

21) Blood:
Blood is vital in the healing process of fractures (Bhagna), as it nourishes tissues and facilitates recovery by supplying necessary nutrients and healing factors. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy blood flow and composition, thereby directly influencing the effectiveness of treatment modalities.

22) Cina:
China, like India, has a rich historical tradition of medicine. Both cultures influenced each other's practices over centuries. The comparative study of fracture management between traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda reveals similarities and divergences in approaches towards achieving healing and recovery of skeletal injuries.

23) Tear:
Tear in the context of fractures refers to the damage inflicted on soft tissues surrounding the bones. It signifies the importance of addressing soft tissue injuries during fracture management, as comprehensive treatment in Ayurveda also involves repairing these injuries to facilitate overall healing and functional restoration.

24) Line:
Line refers to the conceptual and practical approach in Ayurveda towards fracturing treatment (Bhagna). It implies the methodological steps practitioners should follow, ensuring alignment and health restoration processes are executed effectively, ultimately contributing to successful recovery and minimized complications.

25) Life:
Life is an underlying theme in Ayurveda, emphasizing balance and well-being throughout the health journey. Ayurvedic practices aim to enhance the quality of life, particularly post-injury. Treatment of fractures not only focuses on physical healing but also restoring emotional and psychological balance after trauma.

26) Rock salt:
Rock salt is noted in Ayurveda for its medicinal properties. In fracture management (Bhagna), it is often included in dietary recommendations as it supports the healing process and provides essential minerals necessary for bone strength and recovery. Its therapeutic use reflects Ayurveda's holistic approach.

27) Meat soup:
Meat soup is an integral part of the dietary regimen recommended in Ayurveda for patients recovering from fractures (Bhagna). It provides essential nutrients and proteins necessary for healing and regenerating tissues, illustrating Ayurveda's focus on nutrition as a pillar of recovery and health restoration.

28) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalyatantra refers to the branch of Ayurveda dedicated to surgical practices and procedures. It directly pertains to the assessment and treatment of fractures (Bhagna). The development of Shalyatantra highlights Ayurveda's advanced understanding of surgical principles and techniques, enriching its historical significance in medicine.

29) Pakshaghata (Paksaghata, Paksha-ghata, Paksha-aghata):
Pakshaghata signifies paralysis or weakness in Ayurvedic terminology. It is often considered when discussing the complications arising from fractures. Understanding Pakshaghata allows practitioners to formulate more comprehensive treatment strategies that address both the fracture and its potential systemic effects on the body.

30) Vishlishta (Vislista):
Vishlishta describes specific types of dislocations associated with varying symptoms and clinical presentations. Understanding this term within the context of trauma management helps in correctly diagnosing and treating complex injuries that often accompany fractures (Bhagna), ensuring comprehensive care for patients.

31) Ashvakarna (Asvakarna, Ashva-karna):
Ashvakarna refers to a specific type of fracture characterized by angular deformity. Recognizing this condition is crucial in Ayurvedic practice for applying appropriate management techniques and ensuring that the affected site is treated effectively to restore proper alignment and function.

32) Avakshipta (Avaksipta):
Avakshipta describes a type of fracture characterized by downward displacement, which poses unique challenges in treatment. This term highlights the variances in fracture presentations, underscoring the need for tailored strategies in Ayurvedic management to ensure accurate interventions and optimal recovery.

33) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya refers to medicinal substances and their applications in Ayurvedic practice. In the context of fracture management (Bhagna), it underscores the importance of herbal remedies, dietary inclusions, and pharmacological interventions that support recovery and enhance healing processes through traditional Ayurvedic wisdom.

34) Ati-kshipta (Atikshipta):
Atikshipta describes severe pain and displacement associated with fractures (Bhagna). This term is essential in understanding complex fractures that require careful and immediate management strategies to prevent complications and enhance healing, reflecting Ayurveda's thorough approach to treatment addressing both pain and structural integrity.

35) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of Ayurvedic principles relating to fractures (Bhagna). It fosters dialogue on integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices. Insightful discussions can lead to improved treatment methodologies and further exploration of the efficacy of Ayurvedic healing techniques in contemporary healthcare settings.

36) Substance:
Substance in Ayurveda encompasses medicinal preparations and dietary inclusions that contribute to healing processes. In the context of fractures (Bhagna), recognizing the right substances, such as herbs and nutritional elements, is critical for creating effective treatment plans that foster recovery and maintain bodily health.

37) Karkataka:
Karkataka describes a particular type of fracture characterized by specific clinical features. Recognizing this term is pivotal in Ayurvedic orthopedics, guiding practitioners in diagnosing and implementing tailored treatment plans to manage the implications of such fractures effectively.

38) Gharshana (Gharsana):
Gharshana refers to crepitus or the grating sound and sensation commonly associated with bone fractures. Understanding Gharshana helps Ayurvedic practitioners accurately assess fracture severity and tailor treatment measures, ensuring that the focus remains on effective management and swift recovery.

39) Bandhana (Bamdhana):
Bandhana signifies the immobilization techniques used to secure fracture sites. Proper Bandhana is essential in promoting healing and preventing subsequent injury. Recognizing the importance of this aspect in treatment ensures that fractures are adequately managed according to Ayurvedic principles.

40) Vibandha:
Vibandha refers to loosely knotted bandages applied in Ayurvedic practices. In fracture treatment (Bhagna), Vibandha serves as a supportive measure to stabilize the affected area while allowing for some movement, ultimately promoting healing while minimizing discomfort and complications.

41) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha refers to medicinal herbs or preparations utilized in Ayurvedic treatments. In the management of fractures (Bhagna), Aushadha plays a pivotal role in providing natural healing properties, addressing inflammation, and supporting overall recovery, demonstrating Ayurveda's commitment to using nature in healing practices.

42) Vidradhi:
Vidradhi refers to swelling associated with malignancies or infections but can also be relevant in discussing complications of fractures (Bhagna). Understanding Vidradhi helps practitioners identify potential issues during recovery phases, ensuring comprehensive care is provided to enhance patient outcomes.

43) Pratyaya:
Pratyaya refers to the morphological and grammatical significance in Ayurvedic terminology. Understanding Pratyaya can enhance comprehension of terms associated with fractures and their management, fostering clearer communication among practitioners and aiding in effective treatment strategies.

44) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti represents the individual's unique constitution which governs responses to treatment in Ayurveda. Understanding Prakriti assists in tailoring fracture management (Bhagna) approaches, ensuring personalized care that aligns with the patient's specific needs and enhances overall treatment effectiveness.

45) Spandana (Spamdana):
Spandana refers to tenderness or sensitivity in injured areas. Recognizing Spandana is crucial in fracture assessment within Ayurveda, helping practitioners identify the severity of injury and guiding treatment decisions to address both pain and promote healing effectively.

46) Vishesha (Visesa):
Vishesha denotes specific conditions or characteristics of diseases and injuries in Ayurveda. In context with fractures (Bhagna), understanding Vishesha allows for targeted diagnoses and individualized treatment plans, ensuring that unique patient needs are appropriately addressed.

47) Medicine:
Medicine, in the Ayurvedic context, involves the comprehensive understanding and application of healing principles through natural remedies and therapies. It encapsulates the holistic approach that Ayurveda takes towards managing health, including the treatment of fractures (Bhagna) and promoting overall wellness.

48) Fixation:
Fixation in Ayurvedic treatment refers to methods used to stabilize fractured bones for optimal healing. It encompasses various immobilization techniques, including specific bandaging and applications designed to prevent movement, emphasizing the importance of proper fixation to facilitate recovery in fracture cases.

49) Pradeha:
Pradeha signifies the application of substances, such as mud or plaster, around the fracture site in Ayurveda. This practice exemplifies ancient wisdom in treating injuries, underscoring the relevance of such techniques in contemporary management of fractures (Bhagna) for effective healing.

50) Mandala (Mamdala):
Mandala describes a circular bandage employed in Ayurvedic practices. Its use in fracture management illustrates traditional methods of immobilization that increase stability while promoting comfort, underscoring the importance of practical applications in therapeutic healing processes.

51) Durjata (Dur-jata):
Durjata refers to congenitally deformed bones. Recognizing Durjata conditions in Ayurveda allows practitioners to adjust treatment approaches for fractures, ensuring comprehensive strategies that address both the fracture itself and the underlying anatomical challenges posed by such congenital issues.

52) Pasana (Pashana):
Pashana refers to stone or hard substances, often used metaphorically in Ayurvedic texts for their therapeutic properties. In the context of fracture treatment, the reference to Pashana signifies the importance of using suitably robust materials in recovery processes to aid structural integrity.

53) Shamyaka (Samyaka):
Samyaka refers to the proper or adequate healing achieved in fractures (Bhagna). It indicates the successful management outcome, focusing on the criteria that determine the completeness of healing, which is essential for assessing effective treatment within Ayurvedic practice.

54) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya indicates astringent attributes in foods and herbs recognized in Ayurveda. Such properties are believed to assist in reducing swelling and inflammation associated with fractures (Bhagna), highlighting the dietary and herbal considerations crucial to recovery and treatment success.

55) Raising:
Raising refers to the action of elevating a fractured limb to encourage proper alignment and healing. In Ayurveda, this principle contributes to effective fracture management, supporting both the physical alignment of bones and promoting circulation necessary for recovery.

56) Hanging:
Hanging refers to the action of suspending an injured limb to promote proper alignment and alignment during the healing of fractures (Bhagna). In Ayurveda, this principle is part of a holistic strategy to facilitate healing while minimizing discomfort and facilitating blood flow.

57) Shabda (Sabda):
Shabda refers to sound or auditory indications, which may correlate with clinical assessments, specifically crepitus in fractures. Understanding Shabda is critical for accurate evaluation of injuries, helping practitioners better diagnose fractures and determine appropriate interventions in the Ayurvedic context.

58) Vedana:
Vedana translates to pain in Ayurvedic terminology. Recognizing Vedana is paramount in assessing the severity of fractures (Bhagna) and guiding treatment decisions, emphasizing Ayurveda's commitment to addressing both physical and emotional aspects of pain management post-injury.

59) Mushti (Musti):
Mushti describes a blow or strike from a hand. This type of injury can lead to specific fractures, emphasizing the need for acute awareness of the circumstances leading to fractures. Understanding Mushti can guide appropriate responses from professional treatment to supportive care in Ayurveda.

60) Vitana:
Vitana symbolizes a protective covering or canopy often used in healing practices. Its relevance in Ayurvedic treatments for fractures (Bhagna) highlights the emphasis on holistic recovery environments, ensuring that therapeutic spaces promote comfort and positive recovery for the injured.

61) Patana:
Patana denotes falling or dropping, frequently causing fractures (Bhagna). Understanding the mechanisms of Patana aids practitioners in classification and management strategies. Effective diagnosis aligns with treatments that address both the physical injuries and potential underlying conditions from falls.

62) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the underlying causes or reasons leading to health conditions, including fractures. Understanding Nidana is essential for successful treatment strategies in Ayurveda, as addressing root causes ensures comprehensive care and aids in preventing recurrent injuries.

63) Family:
Family represents the primary support system for individuals dealing with fractures (Bhagna). In Ayurvedic practice, recognizing the role of family in the healing process underlines the importance of community and caregiver support, facilitating emotional and physical recovery for patients after injury.

64) Reason:
Reason refers to the causative factors leading to fractures. Understanding the reasons behind injury is essential in Ayurvedic principles to ensure effective treatment and prevention, illustrating the approach of addressing not just injuries but also the context of how they occurred.

65) Animal:
Animal interactions, historically significant in trauma context, refer to injuries sustained from bites or attacks. In Ayurveda, understanding such scenarios assists in developing comprehensive treatment strategies, acknowledging the role of wildlife in historical trauma cases and current urban settings.

66) Canopy:
Canopy represents a protective environment in healing practices. The concept suggests that healing from fractures (Bhagna) can be enhanced by creating spaces that support emotional and physical recovery, illustrating the holistic nature of Ayurvedic treatment methodologies.

67) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to lesions indicating deeper health issues in Ayurveda. Understanding Ulcers within fracture management is essential, as poor health conditions may hinder appropriate recovery pathways; thus leading to a comprehensive assessment guiding healing strategies.

68) Ahara:
Ahara translates to diet or food, central to the healing process in Ayurveda. Proper Ahara considers nutritional balance vital for recovery from fractures (Bhagna), suggesting specific foods that support healing through their nourishing properties, ensuring optimal recovery outcomes.

69) Shali (Sali):
Shali refers to rice, a staple in the Ayurvedic diet known for its healing properties. In the context of fracture management, Shali is recommended as a key component of meals, promoting nourishment and strength, crucial for accelerated healing processes.

70) Majja:
Majja denotes the marrow within bones, playing a significant role in overall bone health. Understanding Majja is central to Ayurvedic principles regarding fractures, as it highlights the need for nutritional support for maintaining marrow health during recovery.

71) Vakra:
Vakra describes a bent condition of bones, noting specific fracture types. Recognizing Vakra enables Ayurvedic practitioners to accurately diagnose and treat fracture conditions, guiding practitioners toward effective management strategies tailored to the unique presentations of each case.

72) Vyala:
Vyala refers to ferocious animals in ancient texts, symbolizing the historical context of injuries caused by wildlife. Acknowledging Vyala in Ayurveda provides a perspective on the types of trauma present in traditional narratives and informs treatment approaches based on injury origins.

73) Panka (Pamka):
Panka suggests the application of mud medicinally, referencing traditional treatment practices for fractures (Bhagna). Applying Panka showcases the ingenuity of Ayurveda in using local materials for healing purposes, enhancing the treatment experience through natural and available resources.

74) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the fundamental bodily elements or tissues recognized in Ayurveda. Understanding the relationship between Dhatu and bone health provides insights into the holistic nature of treatment for fractures (Bhagna), structuring approaches that consider overall body balance and recovery.

75) Kumar:
Kumar, although not explicitly referenced in context, aligns with themes of childhood or youth in Ayurveda. This context may highlight vulnerabilities to fractures among younger populations, emphasizing tailored approaches towards prevention and management ensuring overall health.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 89]

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Bandhana, Sthapana, Sushruta, Panchakarma, Nutritious food, Fundamental Principle, Ayurvedic principle, Diet regimen, Dietetic regimen, Modern medical science, Historical reference, Crepitus, Physiotherapy, Oral medication, Fracture management, Bhagna Chikitsa, Cardinal features of Bhagna, Bhagna sthapana.

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