Ultra-sensitive detection of anastrozole using CQDs/silver nanocomposite
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Ultra-sensitive spectrophotometric detection of breast cancer therapy anastrozole using carbon quantum dots/silver nanocomposite
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Abdulkareem Abdulraheem, Maha F. El-Tohamy, Nabeel Alsaffar, Maryam Al Hussaini
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Ultra-sensitive spectrophotometric detection of breast cancer therapy anastrozole using carbon quantum dots/silver nanocomposite
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20186-11382
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Breast cancer remains one of the leading health concerns globally, being the second deadliest form of cancer for women after skin cancer. The early detection and treatment of this disease significantly enhance patient survival rates. Anastrozole (ATZ) is a commonly prescribed medication for postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer. This study explores a novel and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method employing carbon quantum dots decorated with silver nanocomposite (CQDs/Ag) for the detection of ATZ in both bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Green Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots
One crucial aspect of this research is the green synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) utilizing a microwave-assisted method with glucose as the precursor. This approach is eco-friendly, as it reduces the need for toxic reagents while still achieving effective results. The resulting CQDs are characterized by their unique optical and electronic properties, enabling them to serve as sensing agents in the detection of ATZ. The formation of CQDs is visually indicated by a distinct color change in solution, and their size was confirmed through various characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
Characterization and Optimization of CQDs/Ag Nanocomposite
The CQDs/Ag nanocomposite formed by combining CQDs with silver nanoparticles was thoroughly characterized using techniques such as FT-IR, XPS, and XRD. These analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups on the surface of CQDs that facilitate the formation of the nanocomposite, aiding in the absorption of silver ions. Furthermore, the study meticulously optimized several experimental parameters—such as the quantity of the nanocomposite, pH levels, buffer concentrations, and reaction times—to enhance the sensitivity of ATZ detection.
Analytical Performance and Validation
Upon optimizing detection conditions, the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the CQDs/Ag method were evaluated. The method demonstrated a linear relationship for ATZ concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 µg mL -1, with exceptional detection limits of 2.0 µg mL -1 for LOD and 5.0 µg mL -1 for LOQ. Statistical analysis reveals high accuracy, with recovery rates exceeding 99%. Moreover, intra-day and inter-day precision evaluations showed minimal variability, highlighting the method's robustness.
Conclusion
The findings from this study underscore the effectiveness of the innovative CQDs/Ag nanocomposite in detecting anastrozole, showcasing its potential as a reliable analytical tool in cancer therapy monitoring. This method stands out due to its simplicity, flexibility, and high sensitivity, potentially paving the way for exploring various sensing solutions for different cancer treatment agents. The successful application of CQDs/Ag in pharmaceutical analysis could significantly contribute to improving cancer diagnostic and treatment methodologies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on breast cancer therapy?
The study focuses on using carbon quantum dots decorated silver nanocomposite for the ultrasensitive detection of anastrozole, a drug used in breast cancer therapy, through a simple spectrophotometric method.
How was the carbon quantum dots synthesized in the study?
Carbon quantum dots were synthesized using a green, microwave-assisted method from a glucose solution, which resulted in unique optical properties suitable for drug detection.
What is the detection limit for anastrozole using this method?
The proposed method has a lower limit of detection for anastrozole at 2 µg mL -1 and a quantification limit of 5 µg mL -1, indicating high sensitivity.
What experimental conditions were optimized for maximum sensitivity?
Optimization included variables like the volume of CQDs/Ag nanocomposite, pH, buffer concentration, and reaction time to achieve the highest absorbance response for anastrozole detection.
How accurate and precise is the proposed detection method?
The method demonstrated high accuracy, with a recovery of 99.3 ±0.6%, and excellent precision, indicated by low relative standard deviations ranging from 0.2% to 0.9%.
Is there any interference from other substances in the detection method?
The detection method exhibited good selectivity, as no significant interference was observed from various common ions and substances when detecting anastrozole at specified concentrations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ultra-sensitive detection of anastrozole using CQDs/silver nanocomposite”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Maha (Maha°):
Maha is one of the authors of the study focused on the detection of anastrozole, a drug used in breast cancer therapy. Her involvement in research showcases collaboration in scientific endeavors, demonstrating the importance of teamwork in academia and pharmaceutical studies to address significant health challenges such as cancer.
2) Cancer:
Cancer is an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells that poses severe health risks, leading to death if untreated. This study highlights breast cancer specifically, showcasing the necessity for early detection and effective treatment options like anastrozole. Understanding cancer's implications drives research aimed at improving patient outcomes.
3) Table:
In the context of this study, tables are used to present data clearly, summarizing results such as recovery percentages and comparisons with existing methods. This fosters transparency and allows readers to analyze the findings efficiently, making it easier to gauge the efficacy of the proposed detection method for anastrozole.
4) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used for medical treatment, in this case, anastrozole, which specifically treats breast cancer. The research details its detection method, emphasizing the pharmaceutical relevance of accurate drug measurement in formulations. This ensures patients receive proper dosages, crucial for effective therapy.
5) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of materials, such as the carbon quantum dots in the study. The interactions occurring at the surface of these nanocomposites are essential for sensing applications. Effective surface properties enhance the detection capability of drugs by maximizing interactions with analytes.
6) Science (Scientific):
Sciences encompass various fields of study dedicated to understanding natural phenomena. In this context, pharmaceutical sciences are vital for drug development and analysis. The research contributes to this field by introducing advanced detection methods for medications like anastrozole, illustrating the intersection of science with healthcare.
7) Water:
Water serves as a solvent and medium in many chemical and biological processes, including the synthesis of carbon quantum dots. In this study, deionized water is emphasized for preparing solutions, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the purity and accuracy of the experimental setup resulting in reliable findings.
8) Silver:
Silver nanoparticles are incorporated in the study as part of the composite with carbon quantum dots for enhanced drug detection. The unique properties of silver, including its optical characteristics, contribute to the sensitivity and effectiveness of the spectrophotometric method for detecting anastrozole.
9) King:
King Saud University, where some authors are affiliated, is a prominent institution that supports research and education in various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences. Its contributions to advancing scientific knowledge play a vital role in fostering innovations and methodologies for tackling global health issues, particularly cancer therapies.
10) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the passage of light through materials, crucial in spectrophotometry. The study relies on measuring transmitted light properties to establish the presence of anastrozole in samples. Understanding transmission phenomena is essential for accurately quantifying drug concentrations and improving detection methods.
11) Species:
Species in this context likely refers to biological organisms possibly tested for interference in the drug detection process. Evaluating the effect of different species ensures that the proposed method is selective and reliable, accounting for potential contaminants that might affect measurement accuracy.
12) Study (Studying):
The study is the structured research undertaken by the authors to develop a spectrophotometric detection method for anastrozole. It emphasizes the importance of hypothesis testing, data collection, and analyzing results to derive conclusions that contribute to enhancing medical therapies, particularly in cancer treatment.
13) Measurement:
Measurement is a critical aspect of scientific research, whereby specific parameters related to drug detection are quantified. This study emphasizes the importance of precise measurement techniques to ensure reliable results, which are essential for validating the efficacy of the spectrophotometric approach used in analyzing anastrozole.
14) Discussion:
Discussion is a section in research articles where findings are interpreted and compared with existing literature. In this study, the discussion evaluates the effectiveness of the new detection method and contextualizes its significance within the broader field of pharmaceutical analysis and cancer treatment strategies.
15) Education:
Education is crucial for fostering future researchers and healthcare professionals. This research highlights the role of academic institutions in promoting scientific inquiry. Continued education in pharmaceutical sciences can enhance knowledge and spur advancements in medical treatments, particularly in areas like cancer therapy.
16) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform refers to the changes brought about by advancements in scientific techniques and methodologies. In the context of this study, transforming traditional drug detection methods with innovative nanocomposites exemplifies how research can lead to more efficient and sensitive approaches for diagnosing and treating diseases like cancer.
17) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This study contributes to medical knowledge by developing a new method for detecting anastrozole, thereby enhancing therapeutic monitoring in patients undergoing breast cancer treatment, illustrating the direct impact of research on health care.
18) Activity:
Activity in this context may refer to the chemical or biological activity associated with the drug being measured or the methods employed in the research. Understanding the activity levels of anastrozole ensures appropriate therapeutic levels, essential for achieving positive health outcomes in cancer treatment.
19) Training:
Training is essential for individuals in scientific fields to develop skills necessary for conducting experiments and analyzing data. The research highlights the importance of proper training in utilizing advanced technologies, ensuring that techniques like those employed in this study can be effectively executed in pharmaceutical applications.
20) Relative:
Relative in this context pertains to comparing data or findings against benchmarks or controls within the study. It plays a vital role in analyzing accuracy and reliability, ensuring that the proposed method for anastrozole detection withstands scrutiny when assessed against established techniques and methodologies.
21) Powder:
Powder refers to the solid formulation of the anastrozole tablets used in the study. The transformation of tablets into a powder allows for accurate dissolution and measurement, essential for the detection method. Understanding powder characteristics is important in pharmaceutical analysis for ensuring dosage accuracy.
22) Egypt:
Egypt is referenced in the affiliations of the authors, reflecting the international collaboration in pharmaceutical research. Acknowledging the involvement of institutions from different countries emphasizes the global effort in addressing healthcare challenges, such as breast cancer management through improved drug detection methodologies.
23) Rules:
Rules in this context likely refer to the established protocols governing experimental procedures and data interpretation. Adhering to these rules ensures that research findings are valid and reliable, which is crucial for acceptance in the scientific community and for influencing future clinical practices.
24) Field:
Field refers to a specific domain of study or work. In this case, it encompasses pharmaceutical research. This study expands the knowledge within the field by introducing innovative detection methods, ultimately contributing to better understanding and treatment of diseases like cancer, enhancing clinical outcomes.
25) Death:
Death represents the significant consequence of untreated diseases, including cancer. The study emphasizes the urgency of effective treatment and early detection techniques. By contributing to improved drug monitoring methods, the research aims to reduce mortality rates associated with breast cancer through enhanced therapeutic strategies.
26) Life:
Life is a fundamental aspect that motivates medical research, including studies like this one focused on cancer therapy. The aim is to enhance the quality and longevity of life through effective medical interventions. This underscores the importance of developing reliable methods for drug detection to improve patient outcomes.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Ultra-sensitive detection of anastrozole using CQDs/silver nanocomposite’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Limit of detection, Pharmaceutical formulation, Linear Relationship, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.