Residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Abdelrahman Mostafa, Nuha M. A. Agbna, Samia A. Wahab and Sania Shaddad
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20187-11046
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic used primarily for the treatment of respiratory diseases in livestock, particularly in cattle, sheep, and, more recently, poultry. This study aims to investigate the depletion of tilmicosin residues in chicken tissues following oral administration of the drug via drinking water. The research involved administering tilmicosin to a group of 30 broiler chickens over five consecutive days and assessing residue levels in muscle, liver, and kidney tissues after withdrawal of the drug. The results are significant for ensuring food safety and adherence to regulatory standards regarding veterinary drug residues in food-producing animals.
Tilmicosin Residues in Tissue
The study found that after the administration of tilmicosin at a concentration of 75.0 mg/l for five days, the levels of the drug in chicken tissues were highest one day post-withdrawal. Specifically, the concentrations measured were 401.8 µg/Kg in muscle, 3817.5 µg/Kg in the liver, and 1523.0 µg/Kg in the kidney. The research indicates a substantial accumulation of tilmicosin in the liver compared to other tissues. By the seventh day after withdrawal, tilmicosin levels in the muscle had dropped to the maximum residue level (MRL) established by the European Union (EU), indicating a progressive decrease in residue levels that could have important implications for food safety regulations.
Recovery Time in Tissues
The elimination of tilmicosin from chicken tissues was notably rapid. The study observed that by day 9 post-withdrawal, the concentrations in all tissues had fallen below the MRL set by the EU. For instance, on day 7, muscle tissue measured precisely at the MRL of 75.0 µg/Kg, while liver and kidney samples showed levels beneath the EU MRL guidelines. This suggests that under the specific conditions of the study, the recommended withdrawal period for tilmicosin in broiler chickens may be adjusted to 9 days, which is shorter than the conventional recommendation of 10 days.
Comparison with Previous Studies
The findings of the current study align with previous research, yet also reveal some differences in the rate of tilmicosin residue depletion. For instance, prior studies indicated variable depletion rates, such as muscle residues reaching approved levels after only 2 days and liver residues taking up to 9 days. The current study's data indicated a more extended period for muscle tissue to reach the set MRL, thereby presenting a divergent understanding of tilmicosin's pharmacokinetics in chickens. These discrepancies underline the need for further research under various conditions to validate the appropriate withdrawal periods for different environments and management practices.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study provides essential insights into the depletion timeline of tilmicosin residues in chicken tissues, suggesting a withdrawal period of approximately 9 days to ensure safety for human consumption. The research highlights the significance of monitoring veterinary drug residues and suggests a need for updated guidelines tailored to specific farming conditions. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on food safety and the judicious use of antibiotics in livestock, underlining the balance between treating animal diseases and protecting public health. Further studies are encouraged to refine and expand our understanding of drug residue dynamics in poultry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the tilmicosin study in chickens?
The study aimed to assess the depletion of tilmicosin residues in chicken tissues after oral administration of the drug via drinking water.
How was tilmicosin administered to the chickens?
Tilmicosin was administered via drinking water at a concentration of 75 mg/l for five consecutive days.
What tissues were analyzed for tilmicosin residues?
Tissue samples from muscles, liver, and kidneys were collected and analyzed for tilmicosin residues.
What were the highest residue concentrations of tilmicosin found?
The highest concentrations found were 401.8 µg/Kg in muscle, 3817.5 µg/Kg in liver, and 1523.0 µg/Kg in kidneys on day one after withdrawal.
When did tilmicosin residues in tissues fall below the MRLs?
The concentration of tilmicosin in all tissues fell below the EU-set MRLs by day nine after withdrawal.
What is the recommended withdrawal period for tilmicosin?
The study suggests that the withdrawal period of tilmicosin in broiler chickens could be around nine days under Sudan conditions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
'Drugs' here refers to the broader category of pharmacological compounds, including tilmicosin and other veterinary antibiotics. Understanding various drugs' roles, mechanisms, and residue depletion is vital for ensuring effective disease treatment in livestock and maintaining safety in meat and poultry production.
2) Water:
In this context, 'water' indicates the medium through which tilmicosin is administered to chickens. The study uses drinking water to deliver the medication at a specific concentration. This method is significant for ease of administration to poultry, ensuring adequate drug exposure without stress to the animals.
3) Study (Studying):
The 'study' refers to the research conducted to evaluate the residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues after oral administration. The results aim to provide insights on withdrawal periods for the drug, ensuring that it is safe for consumption after treatment, thereby contributing to veterinary pharmacology and food safety.
4) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
The word 'accumulate' describes how tilmicosin concentrates in certain tissues, particularly in the lungs and liver, after administration. This accumulation is critical for its efficacy in treating respiratory diseases but poses risks regarding residual levels in animal products, necessitating careful monitoring and adherence to established withdrawal times.
5) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibiotic' in this case refers to a class of drugs to which tilmicosin belongs. It highlights the drug's role as an antimicrobial agent used in veterinary medicine. Understanding antibiotic usage and its pharmacokinetics is crucial for managing infections in livestock and preventing antibiotic resistance.
6) Disease:
The term 'disease' relates to respiratory infections in poultry treated with tilmicosin. The study investigates how effectively the drug can mitigate these health issues in chickens. A better understanding of disease management in livestock contributes to agricultural productivity and animal welfare.
7) Animal:
The singular term 'animal' emphasizes the individual subjects of the study, focusing on the physiological responses of chickens to drug treatment. Each animal's response contributes to the collective data regarding tilmicosin, underscoring the importance of species-specific research in veterinary pharmacology.
8) Container:
'Container' signifies the sterile plastic containers used to collect and store tissue samples for analysis. Containing samples in a proper environment is essential for preventing contamination and ensuring accurate measurement of drug residues, thus supporting the validity of the research findings.
9) Medicine:
'Medicine' in this research context refers to the utilization of tilmicosin as a therapeutic agent in veterinary science. Understanding how medicines affect animal health informs best practices in treatment protocols and addresses the importance of monitoring residue levels in consumables.
10) Table:
The word 'table' in the document denotes the organized data regarding tilmicosin residues in chicken tissues over time. This tabulated information is vital for visually summarizing the study findings, making it easier to interpret the results regarding drug accumulation and depletion in different tissues.
11) Bird:
The singular 'bird' points to individual chickens among the study subjects. Understanding each bird's physiological response facilitates a comprehensive view of how tilmicosin acts as a residue depleting agent, contributing to the overall understanding of its metabolism and safety in animal husbandry.
12) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' encompasses the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. The research highlights the pharmacokinetic properties of tilmicosin, helping to enhance knowledge in veterinary pharmacology and its implications in managing animal health and food safety standards.
13) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of the study that interprets the findings, compares them with previous research, and draws conclusions about tilmicosin withdrawal periods. This analysis is crucial for translating research into practical guidelines for veterinarians and producers, ensuring animal welfare and public health.
14) Activity:
'Activity' in this context pertains to the medicinal effectiveness of tilmicosin against respiratory pathogens. Understanding the drug's spectrum of activity helps veterinarians select appropriate therapies for infections, making it an essential consideration in livestock health management.
15) Powder:
'Powder' refers to formulations of tilmicosin, including its injectable form. This form is significant in veterinary medicine as it provides various methods to administer the drug, catering to different pharmaceutical needs and reinforcing the necessity of tailored treatments in animal care.
16) Cutan:
'Sudan' identifies the geographical context of the study, relevant for understanding local agricultural practices, veterinary medicine usage, and regulatory compliance. The findings may directly inform veterinary practices in Sudan, addressing specific needs and conditions of livestock treatment within the region.
17) Food:
'Food' relates to the consumption of chicken products by humans. Residue levels of drugs in food products are critical for food safety standards and regulations, emphasizing the importance of studying drug withdrawal periods to ensure safety for consumers of poultry products.
18) Diet:
'Diet' refers to the food provided to the chickens in the study, highlighting the importance of administering drugs in a controlled manner alongside specific nutrition. A well-managed diet is crucial for optimizing health and ensuring effective drug absorption in animals.
19) Life:
'Life' in this context pertains to the overall well-being and health of the chickens. The study emphasizes the significance of ensuring that drugs like tilmicosin are used responsibly to promote animal health while safeguarding the quality and safety of food produced from these animals.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Residue depletion of tilmicosin in chicken tissues’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Oral administration, Chemical modification, Veterinary pharmacology, Withdrawal period, Broiler chicken, Maximum Residue Levels, Tissue sample.