A critical review on paras-pipal(thespasia populnea linn) “an ayurvedic herb”

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A critical review on paras-pipal(thespasia populnea linn) “an ayurvedic herb”
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Manish Pamnani, Dr. Vinod Kumar, Prof. Kamini Kaushal, Dr. Ashwini K. Sharma, Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra and Dr. Pradeep Soni


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A critical review on paras-pipal(thespasia populnea linn) “an ayurvedic herb”

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-11875

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Paras-Pipal, scientifically known as Thespesia populnea, is an Ayurvedic herb recognized for its extensive medicinal applications and therapeutic benefits. This small to medium-sized tree, also referred to as the Indian Tulip tree or Portia tree, is predominantly found in coastal regions of India and is valued both for its ornamental qualities and medicinal properties. The Ayurvedic system emphasizes the significance of herbs in promoting balanced health, and Paras-Pipal is noted for its pharmacological prowess, attributed primarily to its Kaphkara, Shukrala, Grahi, and Mutrasangrahniya activities. This review delves into the classical references and medicinal uses associated with this remarkable plant.

Medicinal Properties and Uses

Paras-Pipal's various therapeutic applications are grounded in its pharmacological properties. It is extensively used in treating skin diseases such as psoriasis and scabies, highlighting its role as an effective external remedy. Additionally, the herb demonstrates astringent, tonic, and antidiabetic actions, marking its significance in the management of diabetes, urinary tract infections, and other health conditions. Its fruit, leaves, and seeds are traditionally employed in concoctions to alleviate ailments like burning micturition and inflammation in joints, showcasing a holistic approach to treatment in Ayurvedic practices.

Chemical Composition and Actions

The chemical profile of Paras-Pipal reveals a plethora of bioactive compounds, including kaempferol, quercetin, and various glycosides, which contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. The fruit, particularly, is noted for containing latex, which is applied to treat skin disorders. The plant exhibits a range of pharmacological actions, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, which validate its use in traditional medicine. The astringent properties derived from its Kashaya rasa enable it to address conditions related to excess moisture in the body, thereby helping in managing urinary disorders and enhancing skin health.

Cultural and Folklore Uses

In addition to its recognized medicinal attributes, Paras-Pipal holds a place in various folklore traditions across regions. Local communities in the Konkan area use flowers and leaves for treating inflammation, while its bark serves as a purifier in Mauritius, addressing gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. Its versatility extends beyond therapeutic applications; for instance, the inner wood is utilized in Madagascar for treating severe rib pain. These regional practices underscore the herb's deep-rooted presence in cultural medicine and its adaptation to local health needs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Paras-Pipal (Thespesia populnea) emerges as a vital herb within the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, showcasing a remarkable spectrum of medicinal uses and bioactive compounds. Its roles as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent connect it significantly to skin health and metabolic disorders like diabetes. Although traditional practices highlight its efficacy, there remains a continual need for scientific exploration and validation of these claims to broaden its acceptance and application in modern medicine. Further research into its chemical constituents and therapeutic mechanisms could enhance its utility and establish a more substantial footing in integrative healthcare practices.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Paras Pipal, and what is it commonly known as?

Paras Pipal, scientifically known as Thespesia populnea, is also called Parisha, Indian Tulip tree, Pacific rosewood, or Portia tree. It is widely found in India, especially in coastal regions.

What are the medicinal properties of Paras Pipal?

Paras Pipal is attributed with Kaphkara, Shukrala, Grahi, and Mutrasangrahniya actions. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various conditions, including skin diseases, urinary tract infections, and diabetes.

What parts of the Paras Pipal tree are used for medicinal purposes?

The primary parts of the Paras Pipal used in medicine include the stem bark, leaves, fruit, and oil extracted from its seeds. These parts are used in various preparations for therapeutic applications.

What are some common diseases treated with Paras Pipal?

Paras Pipal is applied externally for scabies, psoriasis, and other skin diseases. It is also used internally for conditions like diabetes, urinary disorders, and bleeding disorders.

What are the chemical constituents found in Paras Pipal?

The plant is rich in various chemical compounds, including kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin, as well as fatty acids and amino acids. These contribute to its therapeutic properties.

What is the historical significance of Paras Pipal in Ayurveda?

Paras Pipal, considered part of the Panchvalkala group, is significant in Ayurveda for its various medicinal applications, particularly in treating skin disorders and its role as a tonic and astringent.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A critical review on paras-pipal(thespasia populnea linn) “an ayurvedic herb””. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Disease:
The term 'diseases' encompasses a range of ailments that Paraspipal is reputed to treat. Known for its efficacy in skin conditions, urinary tract infections, and diabetes among others, the herb's multifaceted applications illustrate its vital role in traditional medicinal practices and the holistic approach to healthcare.

2) Tree:
The plural 'trees' encompasses a broader context of multiple species, highlighting the importance of biodiversity in Ayurveda. Various tree species, including Paraspipal, contribute to the medicinal arsenal available to practitioners, each with specific uses and applications for health and wellness.

3) Gana:
'Gana' in Ayurveda refers to a group or category of herbs or medicinal plants that share similar therapeutic properties or classifications. Paraspipal belongs to the Panchvalkala Gana, a classification that highlights its significance among other herbal remedies for addressing specific health issues.

4) Table:
In the reviewed article, 'table' is used to present structured information, summarizing various classifications, properties, and pharmacological actions of Paraspipal. Tables serve a critical role in synthesizing complex data, making it comprehensible for healthcare professionals and researchers interested in herbal medicines.

5) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' stands for the 'taste' or inherent quality of a substance in Ayurveda. It is an essential aspect of herbal medicine, influencing the therapeutic effects. Paraspipal is credited with possessing multiple Rasas, which determine its suitability for treating specific doshic imbalances and contributing to overall health.

6) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
A 'Nighantu' is an authoritative text or compendium detailing medicinal plants, their properties, and applications in Ayurveda. The reference to various Nighantus in the article underscores the historical context and the traditional knowledge systems that inform contemporary herbal practices involving Paraspipal.

7) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
'Sharma' often denotes scholars or practitioners in Ayurveda. In this document, the inclusion of a name like Sharma signifies the contribution of learned individuals in promoting Ayurvedic wisdom and understanding the medicinal benefits of various herbs, including Paraspipal in modern contexts.

8) Karma (Karman):
'Karmas' in an Ayurvedic context refers to the actions or duties that a medicine performs within the body. Paraspipal carries myriad Karmas, making it a versatile herbal remedy with applications across multiple conditions, reflecting its significance in holistic health practices.

9) Majja:
'Majja' refers to the soft or spongy tissues of plants, contributing to their overall medicinal value. Recognizing Majja in the context of Paraspipal highlights the importance of different plant parts in achieving desired therapeutic outcomes, as certain preparations may utilize specific tissues for efficacy.

10) Grahin (Grahi):
'Grahi' denotes a property that assists in absorption or retention of bodily fluids, which makes Paraspipal useful in treating gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea. By emphasizing Grahi, practitioners can better understand how certain herbs can influence digestive health and fluid balance.

11) Kapitana:
'Kapitana' is a term referring to certain properties or synonyms attributed to specific plants in Ayurvedic texts. This term indicates the depth of classification and understanding of plants like Paraspipal, reflecting historical and cultural connections to herbal remedies.

12) Bleeding:
'Bleeding' refers to a medical condition where there is loss of blood, which Paraspipal is noted to address. This emphasizes the importance of certain herbs in managing bleeding disorders, showcasing how traditional medicine can provide holistic approaches to health issues.

13) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
'Ayurveda' is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, focusing on balance and holistic health. The article revolves around Ayurvedic concepts pertaining to Paraspipal and illustrates how traditional practices integrate botanical knowledge to enhance health and treat various ailments.

14) Activity:
'Activity' in this context refers to the pharmacological actions and therapeutic effects of Paraspipal. Documenting the various activities assists in elucidating the herb's potential benefits and applications within Ayurvedic medicine, guiding practitioners in effective treatment methodologies.

15) Samhita:
'Samhitas' are classical texts outlining Ayurvedic principles and practices. The reference to Samhitas in context with Paraspipal showcases its historical relevance and the structural basis for knowledge about medicinal preparations and their applications.

16) Parisa (Parisha):
'Parisha,' synonymous with Paraspipal, denotes the specific herb discussed in the article. Its identification through multiple names showcases the broad cultural and linguistic recognition of its benefits, offering insights into its significance across various regions and therapeutic applications.

17) Vriksha (Vrksa):
'Vriksha' translates to 'tree' in Sanskrit, emphasizing the plant's botanical classification. Recognizing Paraspipal as a Vriksha not only highlights its ecological role but also its recognition within Ayurveda as a source of healing and herbal medicine.

18) Kashaya (Kasaya):
'Kashaya' refers to astringent properties, essential in Ayurvedic formulations. The astringent nature of Paraspipal suggests its effectiveness in treating disorders related to excess moisture or fluid imbalance in the body, particularly relevant in digestive issues.

19) Pitta:
'Pitta' signifies one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing fire and metabolic functions. Understanding Pitta's relationship to Paraspipal aids practitioners in tailoring treatments that address specific imbalances, facilitating a holistic approach to health and wellness.

20) India:
'India' is the geographical origin of Paraspipal and Ayurveda. Its rich biodiversity enables the cultivation of numerous medicinal plants, fostering a long-standing tradition of herbal medicine that is intrinsic to the culture and healthcare practices of the region.

21) Para (Para°, Párá):
'Para' can signify a higher or elevated state in various contexts, though in this document, it highlights aspects related to the naming conventions of the plant. Recognizing this helps in understanding the herbal nomenclature within Ayurvedic texts and practices.

22) Drug:
'Drug' refers to substances used for therapeutic purposes. In Ayurveda, Paraspipal is recognized as a drug, emphasizing its importance as a natural remedy in treating illnesses, demonstrating the system’s reliance on plant-based treatments for health.

23) Nyagrodhadi (Nyagrodha-adi):
The term 'Nyagrodhadi' refers to a group or classification in Ayurvedic texts, indicating that Paraspipal is considered alongside other herbs within this group. Such classifications help practitioners understand complex interrelations and potential benefits of plants used in herbal medicine.

24) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
'Dravyaguna' is a branch of Ayurveda focused on the properties of substances (dravyas) and their effects on health. The application of Dravyaguna principles to Paraspipal underscores the detailed understanding practitioners have of herbal benefits and interactions in therapy.

25) Rajasthan:
'Rajasthan' is the regional context where Paraspipal is studied, highlighting the geographic significance of traditional medicine. This setting enriches the understanding of how local flora is integrated into culture and healthcare practices in Ayurvedic traditions.

26) Madhura:
'Madhura' indicates a sweet taste, which is one of the Rasas attributed to Paraspipal. This property influences its therapeutic effectiveness and adds to its appeal in formulations designed to address specific health conditions, particularly in digestive health.

27) Vijnana:
'Vijnana' translates to knowledge or science, referring to the systematic understanding within the Ayurvedic tradition. The application of Vijnana to Paraspipal emphasizes the scientific backing of traditional practices, showing a blend of empirical observation and theoretical knowledge.

28) Prameha:
'Prameha' refers to a group of diseases associated with excessive urination, including diabetes. The recognition of Paraspipal's effectiveness in treating Prameha highlights the herb's significance in managing chronic conditions related to doshic imbalances.

29) Vrishya (Vrsya):
'Vrishya' signifies a property that enhances fertility and vigor in Ayurvedic practice. The relationship of Paraspipal with Vrishya indicates its potential in reproductive health, demonstrating the multifaceted roles herbs can play in holistic wellness.

30) Udaipur (Udaypur):
'Udaipur,' a city in Rajasthan, contextualizes the study of Paraspipal, showcasing the local reliance on Ayurveda and herbal practices. This geographic identity plays a role in the community’s acceptance and application of traditional healing modalities.

31) Indian:
'Indian' refers to the cultural context and origins of both Ayurveda and Paraspipal. It emphasizes how regional traditions shape the understanding and utilization of herbal remedies, reflecting the deep-rooted connection between culture and medicinal practices.

32) Vrana:
'Vrana' translates to wound, indicating the healing properties of Paraspipal. The herb's applications in treating wounds reflect its broader role in facilitating recovery, demonstrating a fundamental aspect of Ayurvedic healing methodologies.

33) Panca (Pancan, Pamca):
'Panch' means five, significant in Ayurveda as it relates to various classifications and groupings of herbs that serve specific therapeutic purposes. Recognizing the 'Panch' connection for Paraspipal situates it in a broader context of Ayurvedic practice and philosophy.

34) Katu:
'Katu' conveys a pungent taste, one of the Rasas that can define a herb's therapeutic profile. Associating Paraspipal with Katu illustrates the importance of taste in determining the uses and preparatory methods in Ayurvedic medicine.

35) Pama (Pama°):
The term 'Pama' is associated with specific diseases that Paraspipal is known to treat. This highlights the plant's relevance in addressing acute conditions, thereby showcasing its role in traditional healing practices and Ayurvedic principles.

36) Guna:
'Guna' refers to the inherent qualities or attributes of a medicinal substance. Understanding the Guna of Paraspipal aids practitioners in tailoring treatments to individual patient needs, embodying the personalized approach characteristic of Ayurvedic medicine.

37) Pain:
'Pain' denotes physical discomfort and is a crucial aspect that Ayurveda addresses through herbal remedies like Paraspipal. Discussing pain management enhances the understanding of how specific herbs can alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

38) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
The 'Sushruta-samhita' is an ancient Ayurvedic text that details surgical techniques and herbal remedies. Its connection to Paraspipal reinforces the traditional knowledge paradigms in which the herb is classified and utilized for healing, demonstrating the text's enduring relevance in current practices.

39) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' pertains to the study of drug actions and interactions. The pharmacological properties of Paraspipal highlight its therapeutic utilities, providing a foundation for modern research into its efficacy and mechanisms of action in treating various diseases.

40) Kashayaskandha (Kasayaskandha, Kashaya-skandha):
'Kashayaskandha' denotes a categorization in Ayurvedic texts associated with astringent formulations. Paraspipal's inclusion in this category indicates its recognized effectiveness in managing conditions tied to fluid retention and diuretic requirements, showcasing traditional wisdom in herbal medicine.

41) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
'Antibacterial' refers to the ability of a substance to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial properties attributed to Paraspipal emphasize its potential applications in treating infections and promoting health, reflecting the value ascribed to herbal remedies in Ayurveda.

42) Madhurarasa (Madhura-rasa):
'Madhura-rasa' signifies the sweet taste, indicating how Paraspipal's taste influences its therapeutic outcomes. Recognizing this property is essential in Ayurveda for formulating treatments that cater to specific health conditions, particularly related to digestion and metabolic health.

43) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' refers to a physiological response often linked with pain and other health issues. The relevance of Paraspipal in addressing inflammatory conditions underscores the plant's role in managing symptoms and promoting healing in various ailments.

44) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
'Pitta-dosha' represents the fire element within the Ayurvedic framework, which governs metabolism and digestion. Identifying Paraspipal's interactions with Pitta allows practitioners to create balanced treatments addressing imbalances, securing its place in holistic healthcare strategies.

45) Vranaropana (Vrana-ropana):
'Vranaropana' pertains to the action of healing wounds, important in Ayurveda. The connection of Paraspipal to Vranaropana highlights its efficacy in treating external injuries and emphasizes the plant's healing capabilities within traditional medicine.

46) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
'Kapha-pitta' refers to the balance of two doshas, indicating the need for integrated approaches to treatment. Recognizing how Paraspipal affects both doshas facilitates nuanced understanding and strategic applications of herbal remedies for balanced health.

47) Controversy:
'Controversy' refers to differing opinions or debates regarding classifications or uses of a plant. Addressing the controversies surrounding Paraspipal reveals the evolving nature of knowledge in Ayurveda and the importance of continued exploration and validation of traditional beliefs.

48) Discussion:
'Discussion' in the text emphasizes the analysis and examination of findings related to Paraspipal. Engaging in discussion helps cultivate a deeper understanding and encourages discourse among practitioners, promoting knowledge sharing within the Ayurvedic community.

49) Kaphakara:
'Kaphakara' denotes the property of herbs that balance or pacify the Kapha dosha. By identifying Paraspipal's Kaphakara behaviors, practitioners align their treatments with specific doshic considerations, enhancing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

50) Medicine:
'Medicine' refers to the science and practice of healing. The use of Paraspipal within medicine illustrates the essential relationship between herbal practices and contemporary approaches, ensuring that ancient wisdom remains relevant and impactful in modern health contexts.

51) Gujarati:
'Gujarati' pertains to the linguistic and cultural context in which Ayurvedic practices are communicated. Including a language reference enhances the accessibility of Ayurvedic knowledge, fostering the integration of diverse cultural insights into traditional medicine.

52) Hridroga (Hrdroga, Hrid-roga):
'Hridroga' refers to heart-related disorders treated by herbs like Paraspipal. Understanding this condition emphasizes the multifaceted role of Ayurvedic medicine in addressing cardiovascular health and the integration of plant remedies in comprehensive care.

53) Medoroga (Medas-roga):
'Medoroga' signifies metabolic disorders related to fat accumulation. Recognizing Paraspipal's potential benefits for Medoroga illustrates its use in managing weight-related conditions and fosters connections between dietary practices and herbal efficacy in Ayurveda.

54) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
'Ashtanga' refers to a traditional system of Ayurvedic practice encompassing various approaches and disciplines. Highlighting Ashtanga in the context of Paraspipal stresses the holistic perspective of Ayurveda that intertwines multiple techniques for improved health outcomes.

55) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' denotes harmful effects caused by excessive exposure to substances. Discussing toxicity in relation to herbal medicines like Paraspipal alerts practitioners to potential risks, promoting safety and efficacy in herbal interventions within Ayurvedic traditions.

56) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
'Aushadhi' means medicine or remedy derived from plants. This term emphasizes the foundational belief in Ayurveda that natural substances like Paraspipal are inherently medicinal, reinforcing the significance of plants in holistic health approaches.

57) Swelling:
'Swelling' refers to the inflammation or enlargement of body tissues. Paraspipal's properties in managing swelling showcase its ability to alleviate discomfort and support healing, underscoring its therapeutic applications in traditional medicine.

58) Language:
'Language' encompasses the means of communication regarding Ayurvedic practices and botanical knowledge. Recognizing diverse languages indicates the widespread reach of Ayurvedic teachings and promotes accessibility in understanding herbal remedies like Paraspipal.

59) Sanskrit:
'Sanskrit' is the ancient language of many Ayurvedic texts and scripture. The use of Sanskrit highlights the cultural and historical depth of Ayurvedic practices, reinforcing the importance of established knowledge systems in natural medicine.

60) Lekhana:
'Lekhana' signifies the property of scraping or reducing, often associated with weight management. Paraspipal's identified Lekhana attributes suggest its utility in addressing conditions related to excess bodily fluids or weight retention in Ayurvedic treatments.

61) Kanthya (Kamthya):
'Kanthya' denotes throat-soothing properties essential for treating respiratory conditions. The association of Paraspipal with Kanthya portrays its multifaceted nature and highlights approach in addressing common ailments through herbal solutions.

62) Snigdha:
'Snigdha' means oily or unctuous. It describes a property of herbs that can nourish or lubricate, indicating that Paraspipal may have applications in addressing dryness and improving skin health through moisturizing effects.

63) Marathi:
'Marathi' is one of the languages spoken in India, indicating the cultural context and dissemination of Ayurvedic knowledge. Familiarity with Marathi enhances access to information regarding herbs like Paraspipal, ensuring that local communities can utilize traditional medicine effectively.

64) Valkala:
'Valkala' refers to the bark of certain trees, which may possess unique medicinal properties. In the context of Paraspipal, understanding Valkala attributes provides insights into how various parts of the plant can be used therapeutically.

65) Kannada:
'Kannada' is another regional language of India, demonstrating the cultural diversity surrounding Ayurvedic practices. Including regional languages promotes inclusivity and a broader understanding of herbal treatments like those derived from Paraspipal.

66) Chandra:
'Chandra' could refer to individuals or scholarly contributions within Ayurvedic studies. Acknowledging such figures emphasizes the human element of knowledge transfer in herbal practices and helps keep traditional wisdom alive in contemporary discussions.

67) Bengali:
'Bengali' refers to the language and culture of West Bengal, where Ayurvedic practices are also recognized. Promoting Ayurvedic knowledge in various regional languages ensures inclusivity in the dissemination of herbal wisdom and fosters broader acceptance.

68) Heating:
'Heating' is a process used to prepare herbal remedies, including Paraspipal. Through heating, practitioners may increase the potency or alter the properties of the herb, allowing for more effective treatments in managing various health conditions.

69) Species:
'Species' refers to individual classifications of plants within biological taxonomy. Paraspipal is categorized under the species Thespesia populnea, reminding practitioners of the ecological context and shared characteristics that unite various plants in herbal medicine.

70) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
'Burning' refers to a sensation often related to inflammation or irritation in the body. Paraspipal's applications in healing could address burning sensations in conditions such as urinary tract infections or skin disorders, enhancing its value in Ayurvedic treatments.

71) Science (Scientific):
'Science' denotes the systematic study of the natural world. In the Ayurvedic context, understanding the science behind herbal properties and pharmacology of Paraspipal reflects a commitment to blending traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry for improved health outcomes.

72) Vikara:
'Vikara' stands for disorders or imbalances in Ayurveda. The recognition of Paraspipal's effectiveness in treating various Vikara illustrates its essential role in restoring balance and addressing health concerns holistically.

73) Bhagna:
'Bhagna' refers to fracture or breakage, particularly in bones. The potential of Paraspipal in healing such conditions underscores its medicinal significance in Ayurveda, showcasing the plant's applicability in injury recovery protocols.

74) Ruksha (Ruksa):
'Ruksha' denotes a dry or rough quality. In Ayurvedic treatment, Ruksha properties inform how a plant like Paraspipal may be used to address issues related to excess moisture in the body, thus guiding appropriate therapeutic requirements.

75) Mishra (Misra):
'Mishra' signifies a mixture or combination, particularly in the context of herbal formulations. Paraspipal's classification with other herbs exemplifies how Ayurvedic medicine utilizes synergistic effects from various plants to achieve desired health benefits.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 107]

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