Thermal stability of functionally modified PVA for biological use
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Thermal stability of some biologically active functionally modified poly (vinyl alcohol)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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P. Narendiran and S. Guhanathan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Thermal stability of some biologically active functionally modified poly (vinyl alcohol)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20188-11168
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research article discusses the thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of functionally modified Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) when enhanced with organophosphorus compounds. Research in this area is of significant importance due to the many applications of polymers in everyday life, particularly in combating issues like flammability and microbial resistance. By modifying PVA with heterocycles containing nitrogen and phosphorus, the authors aim to enhance its thermal stability and expand its functional capabilities compared to unmodified PVA.
Incorporation of Biologically Active Compounds
One of the key features of the study is the introduction of benzodiazepine functionalities into PVA. The incorporation of these organophosphorus compounds is believed to impart notable thermal stability and biological activity. The chemical modifications are said to enhance the inherent properties of PVA by creating N-P linkages, which are known for their stability and effectiveness, similar to those found in natural biological polymers. This structurally modified PVA exhibits improved resistance to thermal degradation and exhibits a stronger molecular framework for potential applications in various fields.
Thermal Stability Analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted on the modified PVA derivative (A4) revealed a multi-stage degradation process that highlighted its enhanced thermal stability. The study reports significant weight loss at distinct temperature ranges, suggesting that the structural modifications contributed to its flame retardant properties. The thermal stability was attributed to the presence of P-N and P-O-C bonds in the modified polymer that act as weak links, allowing better performance under thermal stress compared to unmodified PVA.
Antimicrobial Properties
The antimicrobial efficacy of the functionally modified PVA was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against various bacterial and fungal species. The results indicated that the modified PVA (A4) exhibited superior antibacterial activity, especially against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, compared to unmodified PVA. Additionally, the modified polymer also displayed notable antifungal activity against species such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium. This highlights the dual benefit of modifying PVA: improving not only its material characteristics but also its biological functions.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the successful modification of PVA with organophosphorus benzodiazepine compounds results in materials with enhanced thermal stability and significant antimicrobial properties. The research demonstrates the applicability of such modified polymers in various fields, particularly in medical and industrial uses where durability and resistance to microbial growth are crucial. The authors express gratitude for the support provided by local institutions, emphasizing the collaborative efforts that contribute to advancements in polymer chemistry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the research by P. Narendiran and S. Guhanathan?
The research focuses on the thermal stability and antimicrobial activity of functionally modified Poly (vinyl alcohol) through the incorporation of benzodiazepine and phosphorus-containing compounds.
How were the modified PVA samples characterized in the study?
The modified PVA samples were characterized using spectral techniques like FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, as well as thermal analysis through TGA to assess their structural and thermal properties.
What are the benefits of incorporating heteroatoms into synthetic polymers?
Incorporating heteroatoms like nitrogen and phosphorus enhances the biological activity and improves thermal stability as compared to unmodified polymers, making them functionally superior.
What methods were employed to test antibacterial activity?
Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against several pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, measuring the zone of inhibition.
What were the findings regarding thermal stability of modified PVA?
The modified PVA exhibited significantly improved thermal stability, with specific weight loss observed at various temperatures, indicating excellent flame retardant properties due to chemical modifications.
What were the antifungal activity results for the modified PVA?
The modified PVA demonstrated effective antifungal activity against selected species, including Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp., as indicated by the zone of inhibition measurements.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Thermal stability of functionally modified PVA for biological use”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' in this context highlights the effectiveness of the compounds tested, specifically their antimicrobial properties. It indicates how well the functionally modified Poly (vinyl alcohol) performs against pathogens, reflecting its potential applications in medicinal and industrial fields, such as drug formulations or medical materials.
2) Table:
The word 'Table' refers to the structured representation of data within the research. It summarizes the results from various tests, including zones of inhibition for antimicrobial activities of compounds. This helps in efficiently conveying complex data, making it easier for the readers to interpret findings and compare performances.
3) Fire:
In the context of this research, 'Fire' relates to the study of flame retardant properties of polymers. Flame retardance is critical for various materials used in industries to prevent fire hazards. The incorporation of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds into PVA aims to improve its fire resistance, enhancing safety in potential applications.
4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term 'Anti-bacterial' further emphasizes the study's focus on compounds that inhibit bacterial growth. It is synonymous with antibacterial, but highlights the preventive aspect. The research aims to present modified PVA as an innovative solution in addressing bacterial infections, vital for healthcare advancements.
5) Aureus:
In this study, 'Aureus' specifically refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a significant pathogen known for its antibiotic resistance. Understanding its interaction with modified PVA helps evaluate the compound’s effectiveness in inhibiting harmful bacteria, thereby contributing to research in medical treatments and public health safety.
6) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
The mention of 'Tamil Nadu' indicates the geographical context of the research, located in India. This regional aspect may influence the types of locally sourced materials and their applications. It also highlights the cultural and institutional background from which the research emerges.
7) Field:
The word 'Field' relates to the area of study or application, which in this context is polymer chemistry and antimicrobial research. It signifies the scientific discipline within which the research is positioned, underscoring its relevance to both industry and academia in developing advanced materials.
8) Tamil:
The term 'Tamil' refers to the language and culture associated with the Tamil Nadu region. In academic research, acknowledging local language and culture may enhance community engagement and ensure the findings are accessible and relevant to local populations, integrating scientific knowledge with regional identity.
9) Nadu:
The word 'Nadu' translates to 'land' or 'country' in the Tamil language. Together with 'Tamil,' it showcases the identity of the region. This acknowledgment may also imply a focus on local needs and issues, promoting the development and application of research addressing regional problems.
10) Life:
The mention of 'Life' focuses on the significance of polymers in everyday existence, particularly emphasizing their role in various applications. The polymers as discussed form an essential part of numerous products and solutions that enhance quality of life, from medical to consumer goods.
11) Biodegradable:
Biodegradable refers to substances capable of being broken down by microorganisms into natural elements. This property is increasingly important in materials science, especially in developing sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. Research in this area aims to reduce waste and environmental footprints of synthetic polymers.
12) Tiruvalluvar (Tiru-valluvar, Thiruvalluvar):
Thiruvalluvar is a revered Tamil philosopher and poet, symbolizing wisdom and ethics in Tamil culture. His mention may underscore the educational and cultural foundations influencing the research environment, promoting principles of integrity and knowledge in scientific pursuits and studies.
13) Performance:
The term 'Performance' describes how well the functionally modified PVA operates in various tests, particularly in terms of thermal stability and antibacterial activity. This evaluation of performance is crucial for determining the practical applications of the material in real-world scenarios and industries.
14) Observation:
Observation entails the act of closely monitoring experimental results. In scientific research, observations are crucial for drawing conclusions and understanding material behavior. They lay the groundwork for further discussions and analysis, guiding the direction of future studies and improvements in methodology.
15) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the study where results are interpreted and compared to prior findings. It involves critical analysis and contextual understanding of the data, facilitating insight into the significance of the research outcomes and future implications for the field.
16) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform signifies the changes that occur in the properties of PVA upon modification. This term is vital in the context of chemical processing, indicating the chemical changes that enhance material performance, especially regarding thermal stability and biological activity, impacting potential applications.
17) Heating:
Heating is a critical process in the thermal analysis section of the study. It refers to the application of heat during the tests and synthesis for analyzing material behavior. Understanding how heating affects polymer characteristics is essential for determining the applicability of modified PVA in different environments.
18) Species:
In this research context, 'Species' refers to the types of bacteria and fungi tested against the modified PVA. Identifying these species is crucial for evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of the new material, guiding the relevance of the research in medical microbiology and pharmacology.
19) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
The term 'Burning' relates to the thermal degradation of materials and their combustion properties. Understanding how modified polymers behave under heat stress is necessary for assessing fire retardant capabilities and the overall safety of using these materials in various applications.
20) Purity:
Purity refers to the quality and concentration of the chemicals and materials used in synthesis. In research, ensuring high purity is essential for obtaining reliable and reproducible results. It influences the characterization of the modified PVA and ultimately affects its performance in practical applications.
21) Madra:
The term 'Madra' appears to be a variant or typo of 'Madras,' further emphasizing the location's relevance to the study. The historical and cultural contributions of the region are important as they provide context for the research endeavors and community impact.
22) Blood:
The mention of 'Blood' emphasizes the biomedical relevance of the research. The study’s focus on developing materials with blood-compatible properties indicates a potential application in medical devices and therapies, aligning with the needs of healthcare industries for biocompatible materials.
23) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' encompasses the entire research effort, indicating a structured and systematic investigation into the properties and applications of modified PVA. It represents a rigorous scientific approach aimed at enhancing understanding and progress within polymer chemistry and its practical applications.
24) Silk:
Silk is cited as an example of a naturally occurring polymer with inherent flame retardant properties. The comparison underscores the significance of studying synthetic polymers' properties, aiming to replicate or improve upon natural materials' effectiveness in various applications, particularly in fire resistance.
25) Wool:
Wool represents another natural polymer known for its flame-resistant qualities. Its mention serves to draw parallels between the properties of natural and synthetic polymers, highlighting the benefits of bio-inspired approaches in creating modified materials that offer improved performance and safety in relevant applications.
26) Pur:
The term 'Poor' may refer to the limitations associated with conventional flame retardants, particularly their impact on physical properties and durability. It highlights the shortcomings of existing solutions, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches, such as modified polymers, to overcome these challenges.